We have four classes of printing: The first is the so-called "administrative job work", such as printed administrative forms, letterheads, and so forth, for all bureaus and offices. We have reduced the expenditure for this type of printing from $274,076 in 1932 to $192,000 for this year and for 1935.

The second class of printing includes administrative reports, periodicals, and publications. For example, the periodical Crops and Markets is printed, and is sent mainly to crop reporters, who, in turn, regularly make statistical reports to the Department; the only pay they receive for their service is the periodical Crops and Markets. We have reduced the expenditure for this class of printing from $298,893 in 1932 to $161,666 in 1934 and 1935.

Mr. SANDLIN. Do you have any reductions in the price of printing? Mr. EISENHOWER. There has been some reduction. The cost of paper has gone down somewhat, and the reduction of salaries was reflected in printing costs. I cannot say, off hand, what the percentage is, but roughly there has been since the peak a reduction of about 10 percent.

The third class of printing includes research and technical publications. These are the publications that make original record of research results. We have reduced the cost of this printing from $169,006 in 1932 to $115,700 this year, and for the coming year. Finally, in the case of the popular publications, we have reduced that expenditure from $245,025 in 1932 to $141,100 for 1935.

PURCHASE OF REPRINTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ARTICLES

There are two changes in the language of this appropriation. The first one is the insertion of a clause which will make it possible for the Department to buy separates from outside publications. One of the things that has happened as a result of our retrenched printing program is that scientists of the Department have had to turn more and more to outside journals for publication of the results of their work; this is a make-shift method of placing results on record so that scientists in other parts of the world and scientists in other institutions of this country may quickly have the reports of valuable work. Only by quickly disseminating such information can you prevent a duplication of research work itself. Certainly, when we get new facts, people engaged in research should be the first to know about them.

Here, for example, is an article from the Chemical Review on the Determination of the Structure of Rotenone. That is one of the outstanding research accomplishments in recent years. Rotenone may be the ideal insecticide. We have been unable, due to the shortage of funds, to print the results of this basic research. They have been published by the Chemical Review, the article having been written by our own scientists. What we wish to do is to have authority to purchase sufficient reprints of that article for our use, and a small number for distribution to others. In most cases 200 or 300 copies would be sufficient. We would have to pay only for running copies off the press and for binding; there would be no charge for composition. The cost of the separates would run about $7 per 1,000.

Here are other separates on the "Improved Method for the Production of Sweetpotato Starch", "Ascaris Larvae as a Cause of Liver

and Lung Lesions in Swine", "Inbreeding and Intercrossing Poultry", "Forms of Nitrogen Assimilated by Plants", "How to Get Better Quality in Frozen Peaches", and so on. These have all been prepared by Department scientists and are given to outside journals for publication because we do not have funds to print them. We do not even have copies to use in answering correspondence about these basic facts. It is fortunate that we can find this channel for publication. It is not, however, a desirable substitute for Government printing, because it means that taxpayers pay for valuable research results to which they are entitled, but we must, in many cases, depend upon outside judgment as to whether these results will be printed.

Mr. SANDLIN. You do not ask for additional money for that purpose?

Mr. EISENHOWER. No, sir; that is all we wish to do-to obtain the authority.

Mr. SANDLIN. What is your estimate of the cost?

Mr. EISENHOWER. I have no way of telling exactly what the annual cost would be, but my rough guess is about $5,000 a year. However, it will come out of this appropriation at no additional cost to the Government; we will simply reduce other items accordingly. In fact, this authority will save the Government considerable money during this period when we cannot take care of the actual printing needs.

Mr. SANDLIN. You are asking the same appropriation?

Mr. EISENHOWER. Yes, sir; we ask only for the insertion of language that will permit us to do that.

PRINTING PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY CONGRESS

Mr. SANDLIN. What is the other change for?

Mr. EISENHOWER. In the next change we provide for printing the proceedings of the Twelfth International Veterinary Congress to be held in the United States during the fiscal year 1935, at a cost not to exceed $11,000. This is an item in which Dr. Mohler, chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, is particularly interested. There will be representatives from 61 nations at the Congress. Dr. Mohler tells me that they will be the outstanding men in research in this particular field from all parts of the world. One of the subjects to be discussed in great detail is that of contagious abortion, which is costing this country $50,000,000 a year in losses. Those proceedings will be of great value to the Department. We are asking authority to publish the proceedings, but are not asking any increase in the appropriation. We will postpone the publication of still more manuscripts in order to be in a position to publish these proceedings. Mr. JUMP. I think Dr. Mohler also would like to make a statement about this matter.

YEARBOOK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Mr. EISENHOWER. Members of Congress are, of course, interested in the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. The annual report of the Public Printer shows that we have reduced the cost of this publication for the Department and for Congress from $225,191 in 1933 to $112,643 last year, or a reduction of 50 percent.

Mr. CANNON. Is that due to a reduction in the number of volumes or a reduction in the cost of material?

Mr. EISENHOWER. It is due to both. We reduced the number of pages from about 1,200 to 900. The Department cut its quota from 25,000 to 15,000, and Congress reduced its quota, I think, about 30 or 40 percent. Those things combined reduced the cost 50 percent.

FARMERS' BULLETINS

Mr. SANDLIN. This language with reference to farmers' bulletins has been carried heretofore. That is the usual language is it not? Mr. EISENHOWER. Yes, sir. Actually, of course, we are not spending anywhere near the $259,000 authorization. The total expenditure for farmers' bulletins for 1935 will be only $108,800. For leaflets, which are also given members of Congress, the cost will be $6,200.

I should like to make a brief statement about this item to tie in with last year's testimony. You will recall that last year we had to reduce the quota for each member from 20,000 copies to 5,000 copies. That was due not only to the fact that printing funds were reduced but also to the fact that Members of Congress had a book credit of nearly 25,500,000 bulletins. Now, by no means have we printed that many bulletins to keep in stock ready to deliver. It simply means that the Members of Congress have accumulated a total book credit over a period of years which we could not supply even if members so requested.

Mr. SINCLAIR. Is that due to the failure of Members from city districts to take their quotas?

Mr. EISENHOWER. Usually Members from city districts do not use all of their quotas, but, nevertheless, the credits are a potential danger to us, because they might request more bulletins than we could supply with current funds. What usually happens when a quota reaches a large figure is that some rural member will obtain a transfer of credits from the city member to himself. Last year we allotted only 5,000 copies to each member, and the Members of Congress very kindly returned to the Department 1,500,000 copies of their quotas. In this way, the Department was able to have bulletins to use in answering correspondence. Deducting the distribution made by Members, there is now a book credit of about 20,000,000. We are on the down grade.

Mr. SANDLIN. What about reprints of these pamphlets? I notice that a good many of them are out of print, or are not obtainable. When I asked for some bulletins, frequently the information I get is that they are out of print.

Mr. EISENHOWER. For purposes of economy, we have removed about 130 farmers' bulletins from the free list. We made a more or less arbitrary decision. We kept on the list the publications that seemed to be the most essential for groups of farmers, as, for instance, the bulletin on tick eradication. We retained a bulletin like that on the list rather than others that seemed to be of value chiefly to individuals, such as "How to Cure Leather." It was more or less an arbitrary decision, made necessary by the economy program.

Mr. SANDLIN. Do you have any income from these bulletins and other publications?

Mr. EISENHOWER. No, sir; we do not. The Superintendent of Documents sells them. If he has a balance in his account, which he does have at the end of the year, he deposits it in the Treasury.

Mr. JUMP. There is a very substantial income from these publications. The United States gets the benefit of it.

CONTENTS OF YEARBOOK

Mr. CANNON. What about this criticism that Congressmen receive to the effect that the Agricultural Yearbook repeats a great deal of the material carried in former yearbooks?

Mr. EISENHOWER. The only part that is repeated is the statistical section, and of course, that is necessary.

Mr. CANNON. That is necessary in order to bring it down to date. Mr. EISENHOWER. Yes, sir. We have tried to reduce the Yearbook still further by cutting out certain statistical tables. We have effected quite a large reduction in the past. Now when we drop a statistical table we receive a flood of protests. We have to spend more money in explaining to people why we cut it out than it would cost to print it. There is a section of the book called "What's New in Agriculture", which contains only new information. It so happens that the law authorizing the Yearbook requires us to publish in it something of value to farmers in all sections of the country. We must have some information that will apply to actual farming operations in every region of the country. It would be possible to publish an entirely different kind of year book, but it might not fulfill that particular obligation.

ALLOTMENT OF PUBLICATIONS TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

Mr. THURSTON. What would be your idea about changing the method of allotment, so that a certain amount of publications, in value, would be made available to the Member, and permit the Member to select the publications that he desires? For instance, the city Member might want cookbooks, whereas the rural Member might want something dealing with agriculture.

Mr. EISENHOWER. I doubt if that would be satisfactory. First of all, the Department does have the obligation of making available to the people of the country information on all of its projects. As for the cookbook, we have received as high as 1,000,000 requests a year for it. If we printed all of those bulletins, we would not have the money necessary to publish such a bulletin as the one on tick eradication, or other bulletins on vital subjects.

Mr. THURSTON. I mean to have each of the 435 Members credited with what he is entitled to, so that each Member can order such publications as he desires within that amount.

Mr. EISENHOWER. We do try to supply the kind of bulletins that the Members want. I do not think, however, it is quite right to follow that as an absolute rule. If you should exhaust your quota by ordering cook books, some constituents might wish to have a bulletin on the method of controlling bovine tuberculosis. I think that we must control the expenditures so as to cover all those different subjects. Mr. JUMP. As I understand your idea, you would have it made like the stationery allowance, upon which you would draw the publications. I think that might be a very good system from the standpoint of the Member of Congress, but the great difficulty there would be in

printing, if I visualize correctly how it would work. If it were furnishing something like pencils or typewriter ribbons, the articles would always be standard stock, but the difficulty here would be that the Public Printer would never know what publications the Member of Congress would want to order. If he had to meet the requests for publications up to a certain value, he would have to go back and reprint the particular bulletins called for that he did not have on hand. He would have to reprint them, because he could not always get them out of a stock, and that would entail an extra expense that someone would have to bear.

Mr. SINCLAIR. In my State they want crop reports and they want the Agricultural Yearbook. My quota of the Yearbook has long since been exhausted, and I am unable to supply them.

Mr. EISENHOWER. I see your point now, Mr. Thurston. The Joint Committee on Printing has studied the question of allocation of publications to Senators and Representatives every year from the beginning of its history. I understand that it has even considered the possibility of lumping everything together, covering the publications of all the Government departments. The rural Member will want agricultural publications, while some other Members will want publications of the Department of Commerce. Actually what does happen is that there is a lot of swapping done on the outside.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 17, 1934.

LIBRARY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

STATEMENT OF MISS CLARIBEL R. BARNETT, LIBRARIAN

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

Mr. SANDLIN. We will take up the item for the library, Department of Agriculture, which is as follows:

For purchase and exchange of books of reference, law books, technical and scientific books, periodicals, and for expenses incurred in completing imperfect series; not to exceed $1,200 for newspapers, and when authorized by the Secretary of Agriculture for dues for library membership in societies or associations which issue publications to members only or at a price to members lower than to subscribers who are not members; for salaries in the city of Washington and elsewhere; for official traveling expenses, and for library fixtures, library cards, supplies, and for all other necessary expenses, $87,812, of which amount not to exceed $63,738 may be expended for personal services in the District of Columbia. Miss Barnett, we will be very glad to hear from you on the estimates for your activity.

Miss BARNETT. The following is presented for inclusion in the record:

Increase, Budget 1935, compared with estimated obligations,
1934.

261

1 Includes $4,102 transferred to Department of the Interior in connection with building maintenance service.