Abakuá: 194-195

ABC revolutionary group: 42, 44, 46,
48

Abreu, Rosalía: 139

absenteeism: 99, 103, 245, 297, 367
Acosta, Agustín: 163

administration and management:
problems and personnel, 296, 297,
300, 318, 320, 323-324, 326-327,
329, 341

administrative divisions: vii, 70, 221
Adrian VI, Pope: 179

adult education (see also literacy
campaign): 5, 133, 142, 144, 151,
155

Africa: cultural influence, 73, 77, 86,
157, 161-162, 163, 164-165, 168, 175
African cults: vii, 5, 88, 126, 177, 178,
180, 192-196 passim
African languages: 88-89
Afro-Asian-Latin American People's
Solidarity Conference (Triconti-
nental Conference): 57, 258, 274
Agence France Presse: 268

Agencia Prensa Latina: 261, 268, 269,
285

Agramonte, Roberto: 50

agrarian reform: 95, 184, 185, 349,
354

Agrarian Reform Laws: (1959), 53,
55, 95, 256, 290, 315, 320, 326, 385;
(1963), 54, 214, 316
agreements and treaties, interna-
tional: viii, 35, 36, 37, 45, 57, 253,
255, 256, 292, 293, 294, 326, 328,
344, 384, 386, 388, 389, 390, 394,
395-397, 414

Agricultural and Industrial Develop-
ment Bank (BANFIAC): 315, 326,
408

agriculture (see also agrarian reform;
Agrarian Reform Laws; crops;
farmers; farms; land: reform; land:
tenure; livestock: National Insti-
tute of Agrarian Reform): 42, 294;
capital investment, 307, 308, 318-
319; diversification effort, 3, 293,

299, 319; education and schools,
97, 138, 148, 152, 318; government
control, 306-307, 315-317, 354-355;
methods, 308; policy, 319-322, 330;
private sector, 316-317; produc-
tion, 299, 300, 303, 307-314; re-
sources, 296; workers, 101, 129,
130, 300, 307, 353-355, 363, 364,
456

agrupaciónes: 291
Aguilar, Luis: v

aid and credit, foreign (see also un-
der Communist countries; Soviet
Union): viii, 285, 330, 397-399
air force. See Revolutionary Air and
Air Defense Force (DAAFAR)
airfields: viii, 69, 378-379

airlines and service: viii, 21, 253, 376,
378

Albania: 252

Aleman, José B.: 139
Algeria: 252, 253
Almeida, Juan: 79

Alonso, Alicia: 171

Alonso, Fernando: 171
Alvarez, Santiago: 278
anthem, national: 243

Anti-Bandit Force (LCB): 452, 455-
456

architecture: 173-174

Ardévol, José: 171
area: vii, 9, 61
Argentina: 253, 255

armed forces (see also budget: mili-
tary; paramilitary forces): viii, 2;
aid, 439; civic action, 154, 353, 355,
439, 445, 451, 456, 458; courts, 421,
426, 461; organization, 451-457;
and the PCC, 443-444; personnel
procurement and training, 447-451;
and politics, 232-233; rank and in-
signia, 458-460, 461; strength, viii,
439, 452, 453

arms inventory: 452
Arrufat, Antón: 168, 172
Arteaga, Manuel: 182
Artillery School: 448

Associated Press (AP): 268, 269
Association of Cane Planters: 236
Authentics: 48, 49, 50, 225, 226, 228,
230, 233, 234, 238, 239, 240, 352

bagasse: 337, 338, 345, 346, 347
balance of payments: 328

banks and banking: viii, 370, 406-

413; nationalization, 407

Bantu language: 77

Baptists: 184, 187, 190

barrios: 70

barter: 294, 373, 383, 390, 395, 396,

397, 398

Batista, Fulgencio: 1, 2, 23, 24, 44,
45, 46-48, 49, 79, 111, 140, 141, 182,
183, 225, 226, 228, 229, 234, 236,
238, 239, 240, 248, 352, 420; and
the army, 232-233, 441-442, 446;
periods of rule, 24, 50-52, 227,
441; and political parties, 237
Bay of Pigs: 56, 124, 186
Belgium: 252

beverages: 342

birth control. See family planning
birth rate: 59, 62, 63, 109

black market: 130, 371, 373, 374,
402, 414, 427

Bohemia (periodical): 262, 274
Bohemia Libre (periodical): 286
bohío: 85, 116

Bolivia: 253, 255-256

bonds, government: 406, 407

Book Institute: 166, 216, 275, 276,
290, 328

book publishing: 275-277

Boorstein, E.: 320, 329

botella system: 262-263
boundaries, national: 9

Bozo Masvidal, Eduardo: 184, 185,
186

Brazil: 253, 255

Brooke, Gen. John R.: 35
Brú, Laredo: 46, 47

budget (see also debt, public; taxes):
134, 324, 401, 402-404; expendi-
tures, 404-405; military, 444-446;
revenue, 401, 403-404
Bulgaria: 252, 287, 328, 388

Bulgarian Telegraph Agency: 268

cabildos: 95, 180, 181, 193

Cabot Foundation: 314

Cabrera, Lydia: 164, 194

Cabrera Infante, Guillermo: 166, 167,
168

Camagüey (city): airport, 379; popu-
lation, 69

Camagüey Province: agriculture, 302,
305, 306; oil, 336; population, 65-
66; power, 380; sugar industry, 338
Camagüey region: 13-14

Canada: 384, 388, 394; relations with,
251

canning: 341

Capablanca y Graupera, Aquiles: 174
Carabalíes: 77

Caracas Pact: 228

Cárdenas, Agustín: 174

Caribbean Legion: 49

Carlos V, King of Spain: 179
Carpentier, Alejo: 165, 166, 167, 275
Carreno, Mario: 175

Casa de las Américas (periodical):
262, 274

Casa de las Américas. See House of
the Americas

Castro, Angel: 230

Castro, Fidel (see also politics: oppo-
sition to present regime): 1-6 pas-
sim, 2, 24, 49, 54, 55, 56, 57, 74, 78,
79, 80, 86, 87, 90, 94, 107, 111, 154,
167, 188, 200, 201, 207, 263, 276,
280, 396, 410, 418, 434, 436; alleged
plot against, 437; and the army,
442, 443, 446, 452, 454; character
and personality, 230-232; and the
churches, 178, 183-187, 237; and
governmental system, 209, 213, 217,
221; and the intellectuals, 165-166,
167; and international relations,
247-258 passim; and labor, 351-
355 passim, 364; as leader, 52, 225-
226, 230, 242-245 passim, 258, 435;
and the PCC, 219, 223, 230, 240,
241, 242; revolt (1953), 51, 420;
Revolution (1959), 227-230

Castro, Lina Ruz: 230

Castro, Raúl: 54, 183, 184, 185, 219,
448, 449

Catholic Action: 182, 186
Catholic Youth: 183

cattle (see also meat; dairy products):
14, 16, 28, 32, 295, 299, 306, 312-
313, 320, 321, 340

Caturla García, Alejandro: 170
Cauto River: 14, 16

census: 6, 32, 60, 66, 71, 109, 116,

353, 366

Center of Automotive Technical Serv-
ices: 216

Centoz, Luis: 186

(JUCEPLAN): 54, 291, 292, 321,
371, 372, 395, 402, 410

Central University: 122, 143, 152
Cervantes, Miguel de: 158

Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de: 32, 42,
44, 46

Chadbourne Plan: 42

Charles III of Spain: 28, 29
chemicals: 344-345

Chibas, Eddy: 230, 238, 240
children: 105-110 passim, 123, 124,
126, 130, 135
Chile: 286

China, Communist: 118, 265, 279,
287, 328; aid and credit, 398, 399;
relations with, 3, 214, 223, 247, 249,
252, 255, 257-258; trade, 253, 388,
390, 394, 396

Chinese (people): 62, 63, 71, 80-82,
182

Chinese language: 89

Chinese Nationalist Party: 81

Christian Social Democracy Move-
ment: 181
chromite: 332

church-state relations: 179, 180-189
passim, 191

ciboneyismo: 159, 160, 161

Cienfuegos: airport, 379; population,
69

cigarettes: 340

cities (see also urbanization): popu-
lation, 68, 69; social structure, 93-
95

Civic Front against Racial Discrimi-
nation: 79

Civic-Military Institute: 141
Civic Resistance Movement: 228
Civil Aeronautics Institute: 216
Civil Defense: viii, 439, 452, 453-455
civil rights: 105, 106, 211-215 passim,
229, 359, 417

climate: vii, 16-17

clothing: 130, 345-346

Club Aténas of Havana: 79

CNOC. See National Labor Confed-

eration of Cuba

cobalt: 332, 397

commerce: 370-376, 411; state con-
trol, 3, 369-370

Committees for Defense of the Rev-
olution (CDR): 412, 414, 417-418,
428, 429, 432-433, 454
communications: viii, 294, 381
communism: and the churches, 185-
186; Cuban, 3, 209, 223, 257, 436;
international, 431

Communist countries: 279, 289, 328,

329, 376; aid and credit, viii, 257,
405, 406, 439; debt to, 406; rela-
tions with, 223, 249, 250, 251, 252,
256-259; subversive activity instruc-
tors in Cuba, 432; trade, 54, 249,
292, 380, 383, 385, 386, 390, 395,
397
Communist Party of Cuba (PCC): 1,
2, 43, 44, 47, 48, 79, 91, 92, 100,
206, 235; and the armed forces,
233, 443-444, 447, 456; Central
Committee, 219, 220, 241, 437;
development, 54-55, 240-241; and
labor, 357, 367; membership, 220,
242; mission, 241; official organ,
265; organization, 219-220, 241,
443-444; Political Bureau, 443;
state-party relationship, 209, 210,
219-220, 223, 237, 241-242
Communist Party of the Soviet Un-
ion: 55

Communist Youth Organization
(UJC): 91-92, 100, 101, 102, 153,
207, 220, 265, 266, 363, 447, 449,
456
Communists: 2, 43, 46, 48, 49, 54-
55, 79, 81, 227, 229-230, 233, 234,
238, 239, 240, 351, 352

Compulsory Military Service (SMO):
450

concentration camps: 418, 434

Confederation of Cuban Workers
(CTC): 269, 352, 357

Confederation of Revolutionary Cu-
ban Workers (CTC-R): 234, 349,
357-358, 359, 363, 367
Conservative party: 38, 39

Consolidated Electric Enterprise: 348
consolidated state enterprises: 291,
327

56, 184, 187, 218, 418, 421, 422,
426, 434, 435-437

courts (see also under armed forces):

vii, 218, 359, 417; municipal, 423-
424, 426; people's courts, 219, 423;
pre-1959 Revolution, 419-420;
qualifications, selection, and train-
ing of officials, 417, 421-424 pas-
sim; revolutionary tribunals, 217,
218, 219, 417, 420, 421, 422
Covarrubias, Francisco: 172

credit (see also aid and credit, for-
eign): 411

crime: 426-428

criminal law and procedures: 424, 426
criollos: 30, 31, 32, 34, 72, 73-74, 174,
175, 181

crops (see also coffee, fibers, fruit,

rice, sugar, tobacco): 11-16 passim,
23, 292, 293, 299; nonexport, 322;
prices, 290; production and produc-
tion areas, 301-304, 308-312
Crowder, Gen. Enoch: 40, 41

Cuba (periodical): 274

Cuban Academy of Sciences: 216
Cuban Aviation Enterprise: viii, 378
Cuban Broadcasting Institute (ICR):
216, 278-279, 282, 370

Cuban Chamber of Commerce: 216
Cuban Coffee Enterprise: 372
Cuban Council of Evangelical
Churches: 185, 186, 187, 190
Cuban Electric Company: 347

Cuban Export Enterprise: 291, 394,
395

dairy products: 295, 340-341
dance: 171

day care centers: 108, 129, 133, 144-
145, 363

de Soto, Hernando: 85

death rate: vii, 59, 63, 124, 125
death penalty: 424, 425, 427

debt, public: foreign, 383, 388, 398,
401, 405-406, 411

Declarations of Havana: 209, 213,
214, 418, 425

del Casal, Julián: 162

democracy: 227, 243

Democratic party: 48, 228, 238, 239
Denmark: 252

Desnoes, Edmundo: 168, 173
development plans: 292, 321, 354, 355
Dewart, Leslie: 182

Díaz, Evelio: 184

Díaz Ballart, Mirtha: 231

dictatorship: 38, 209, 215, 225, 226,
227, 230, 420

diet: 118

Directorate for National Development
of Agriculture and Cattle: 216
Directorate of University Students:
185

diseases: 113, 124-125; leading causes
of death, vii; livestock, 312, 313;
plant, 311, 391

distribution system: 67, 374-376
divorce: 105, 107, 110-111
doctors: 120, 121, 122, 126

Dominican Republic: 49, 231, 286;
invasion, 254

Dorticos, Osvaldo: 2, 53, 167, 217,
219, 229

DSE. See General Directorate of the
State

Eastern University: 122, 143, 152
Echeverria, José Antonio: 161
Economic Society of Friends of the
Country: 29, 31, 33, 135, 158, 163
economy (see also specific sector):
viii, 1, 3, 4, 26-34 passim, 40, 41,
42, 49, 50, 223, 225; characteristics,
289-290; since 1959 Revolution,
53-54; planning and policy, 291-
293, 396; problems, 295-297; state
control, 290-291
Ecuador: 253

Editora Juvenil: 275

education (see also adult education.
scholarships, schools, teachers,
technical and vocational training,
universities): vii, 30, 35, 37, 47, 52,
72, 90, 94-99 passim, 294, 350; ele-
mentary, 137-138, 140, 141, 145-
146, 148; history, 134-143; medical,
121-122; military instruction, 448-
449; preschool, 103, 108, 138, 144-
145, 374; principal goal, 134; re-
form, 5; secondary, 133, 138, 140,
141, 146-147, 148
Eírez, Antonia: 175

elections: 35, 38, 39, 46-50 passim,
209, 223, 229, 239, 240, 244, 263;
local, 221

electricity. See power
emigration (see also exile groups,
refugees): 5, 24, 59, 63, 64-65, 71,
76, 83, 98, 105, 108, 121, 133, 134,
204, 250, 296, 318, 327, 435

English language: vii, 73, 86, 87, 88
Entralgo, Elías: 205

equipment (see also machinery and
under United States): capital, 383,
386, 393

Escalante, Aníbal: 54, 55, 173, 230,
437

Espín, Vilma: 102

Estopiñán, Roberto: 174

Estorino, Abelardo: 172

Estrada Palma, Tomás: 33, 34, 37, 38,
138

ethnic groups: 6, 71-85

Europe: 252, 279, 285, 319, 398, 406
Europe, Eastern: 399; trade, 386, 388,
390, 393, 394, 396

Evangelical Theological Seminary:
190

Ex-Army Officers Group: 228

exile groups: 286, 361, 431, 435, 436
expenditures. See under budget
exports (see also under nickel, sugar,
tobacco): viii, 292, 299, 342, 376,
379, 383, 384, 386, 388, 389-392;
earnings, 391, 392

factories: 328, 329, 330, 340, 343, 345
family (see also children, divorce,
man, marriage, women): 105-111
family planning: 109

farmers: 4, 116, 291, 309, 317, 354,
365, 372, 408, 411

farming youth brigades: 92, 101

farms: 306-307; state, 95, 291, 299,
309, 316, 354

fauna: 18-19

Federation of Cuban Women (FMC):
7, 91, 92, 102-103, 107, 108, 122,
125, 131, 145, 207, 274, 359, 363,
364
Federation of University Students:
228, 234, 235

Fernández, Pablo Armando: 167
Fernández Casas,
: 240

Fernández Retamar, Roberto: 167
fertilizers and fertilization: 291, 308,
317, 318, 319, 344, 372, 393, 398,
399

fibers: 311

Figueredo, Pedro: 243

films: 173, 262, 277-279

finance (see also banks and banking;
budget; currency; debt, public;
foreign exchange): viii, 402-415
Finlay, Carlos: 35, 163