were published in 1819, Cantos 3, 4 and 5 in 1821, Cantos 6, 7, 8 and 9, IO, II and 12, 13, 14 at different dates in 1823, and Cantos 15 and 16 in 1824.

Byron's Don Juan has little in common with the Don Juan of legend except the name. He is a young Spanish grandee, who having been seduced into an amour with a married woman older than himself, is obliged to flee from her husband. His ship founders at sea and he is cast upon a little island in the Egean. Here he is succored by Haidee, a Greek girl with whom he falls in love. Their union is celebrated by splendid festivities, in the midst of which Lambro, the pirate-father of Haidee, who had been given up for dead, suddenly reappears. Juan is disarmed, carried to Constantinople and sold for a slave. His purchaser is the Sultana, Gulbayez, who introduces him, disguised, into the seraglio (see DUDU). Afterwards he escapes, arrives before the city of Ismail, then besieged by the Russians, distinguishes himself in the storming of that place and is sent as special messenger to convey the news to the Empress Catherine. He rises so far in the favor of the Court of St. Petersburg that he is appointed ambassador to England. The poem abruptly ends with a number of satirical pictures of life and society in the latter country.

Jubal, titular hero of a poem by George Eliot (1874) founded on the Old Testament story of the son of Lamech and Adah who invented the "harp and organ.'

Jubal invents the lyre, teaches his tribe how to use it, and then wanders away in quest of new musical inspiration. Returning, an old man, he finds the people celebrating his anniversary and glorifying his name, but when he declares himself they treat him as a lunatic and cast him out into the desert.

The immortal name of Jubal filled the sky While Jubal, lonely, laid him down to die.

Jude the Obscure, the familiar nickname of the hero of Thomas

Julia

Hardy's novel, Jude the Obscure. An orphan brought up by his great aunt Miss Fawley, he assists her in her bakery and then becomes apprentice to a stonemason, dreaming dreams, meanwhile, of college and a great career. His life is wrecked by an entanglement with Arabella Donn who traps him into mismated matrimony. The girl he loves, Sue Bridehead, marries the village schoolmaster but leaves him for Jude. When both get a divorce Sue objects to a legal tie. The couple have two children of their own and with them bring up the morbid sensitive son of Jude's first marriage who ends by hanging himself after murdering the other offspring. Sue remorsefully_returns to her schoolmaster and Jude to Arabella. Jude dies in an effort to reach Sue again.

Julia, in Shakespeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594), a young woman who disguises herself as a page, accompanies Proteus on journey, and so wins back that recreant lover.

a

and passionate history of a woman's heart, Here first Shakespeare records the tender and the adventures to which love may prompt her. Julia (who is like a crayon sketch of Juliet, conceived in a way suitable to comedy instead of tragedy) is the first of that charming group of children of Shakespeare's imagination which includes Viola, Portia, Rosalind and Imogen-women who

assume, under some constraint of fortune, the disguise of male attire, and who while submitting to their transformation forfeit delicacy, or the pretty wilfulness of their none of the grace, the modesty, the sensitive sex.-E. DOWDEN: Shakespeare Primer.

Julia, a more or less imaginary sweetheart whom the Rev. Robert Herrick (1591-1674) addressed or alluded to in amatory poems so decidedly unclerical in tone that Cromwell in 1648 ejected him from his church living, thus reducing him to the grade of Robert Herrick, Esq.

Mr. Gosse assures us that Julia really walked the earth and even gives us some details of her mundane pilgrimage; other critics smile and shake their heads and doubt. It matters not, she lives and will continue to live when we who dispute the matter lie voiceless in our graves. essence of her personality lingers on every page where Herrick sings of her. His verse

The

Karénina

Its grief seemed ended, but the sex confessed;

no

And life returned,-and Kaled felt shameWhat now to her was Womanhood or Fame? Lara, Canto ii, 1., 1151. Karenina, Alexis, in Tolstoy's novel, Anna Karenina (1869), the unloved husband of the heroine.

A bureaucrat, a formalist, a poor creature, he has conscience; there is a root of goodness

in him, but on the surface and until deeply stirred he is tiresome, pedantic, vain, exasperating Alas! even if he were

not all these, perhaps even his pince-nez and his rising eyebrows, and his cracking finger joints would have been provocation enough!-MATTHEW ARNOLD: Essays in

Criticism.

Karénina, Anna, heroine and title of a novel by Count Lyof Tolstoy (1869, English translation 1886). A Russian noblewoman, young and beautiful and emotional, she is married to a man much older than herself. Count Vronsky, a young officer of superficial brilliancy, falls in love with her and she with him, and the story deals with her struggles against temptation, her eventual yielding, her raptures, her terrors, her despair and

final suicide.

Kenneth

of the miracle to his teacher Ahib. He strives to display no more than a scientific interest in the story as a mere case of mistaken trance, yet his imagination is haunted by the mental transfiguration of the man who in his own belief has brought back into time eyes that have looked upon eternity, and he cannot repress a mysterious awe at the bare possibility of the truth of the story.

Charlotte Brontë's novel, Shirley Keeldar, Shirley, the heroine of (1849), a young woman of free and independent spirit, loving nature, hating shams and conventions, joining feminine wilfulness to a willpower more than masculine.

have been if the great god Wunsch who The heroine is Emily Bronte as she might inspires day dreams had given her wealth and health. One might as readily fancy the fortunes of a stormy sea petrel in a parrot's gilded cage. Shirley cannot live with Jane Eyre.-ANDREW LANG: Good Words, vol. xxx, p. 239.

It may have been to the glory of Prince Karol to resemble Chopin, but it was also quite creditable to Chopin to have been the model from which this distinguished neurasthenic individual was taken What concerns us is that George Sand gives with great nicety the exact causes of the rupture, In the first place, Karol was jealous of Lucretia's stormy past; then, his refined nature shrank from certain of her comrades of a rougher kind. The invalid was irritated by her robust health, and by the presence, and we might almost say the rivalry of the children. Prince Karol finds them nearly always in his way, and he finally takes a dislike to them. There comes a time when Lucretia finds herself obliged to choose between the two kinds of maternity, the natural kind and the maternity according to the convention of lovers.-RENÉ DOUMIC: George Sand.

Karshish, in Robert Browning's poem, An Epistle, containing the Strange Medical Experience of Karshish (Men and Women, vol. i, 1855), an Arab physician who meets the risen Lazarus and reports his version

presumption by being condemned to

the immortality of death," and in this state to become the fourth supporter of the throne of Yamen the Mahommedan Pluto. See LADURLAD.

Kenneth of Scotland, in Scott's romance of the Crusades, The Talisman, the name assumed by David, Earl of Huntington, when as an obscure adventurer he enters the service of Richard Coeur de Lion in Palestine. He is also known as the Knight of the Sleeping Leopard from the device on his shield. Though in the opening chapter he fights bravely against Saladin (disguised as Sheerkohf) and later signalizes himself in a secret mission to the hermit Theodorick, he falls a victim to a practical jest played by Queen Berengaria, is surrendered to Saladin by Richard, returns disguised as the mute Nubian slave Žohauk, a present from Saladin, saves Richard's life from the dagger of an assassin, successfully champions his

master's cause in a trial by combat with the traitor Conrade of Montserrat, and being acclaimed under his true name becomes the avowed suitor of Edith of Plantagenet whom he had ever loved.

Kent, Earl of, in Shakespeare's tragedy, King Lear, is banished by Lear for remonstrating against his treatment of Cordelia, but under the guise of Caius, a servant, follows the King in his misfortunes and brings about the meeting with Cordelia in the final scene.

Kent is perhaps the nearest to perfect goodness in Shakespeare's characters, and yet the most individualized. There is an extraordinary charm in his bluntness, which is that only of a nobleman arising from a contempt of overstrained courtesy and combined with easy placability where goodness of heart is apparent.-COLERIDGE.

Kenwigs, Mr. and Mrs., in Dickens's Nicholas Nickleby, an ivory turner and his wife who for various reasons looked upon themselves as highly genteel and were generally looked up to as desirable acquaintances. Their daughters were pupils of Nicholas Nickleby.

Kenyon, in Hawthorne's Marble Faun, a New England sculptor resident in Rome where he falls in love with Hilda.

Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Allen, whose first husband was Paul Akers, furnished this note

to the correspondents' column of the New York Sun in November, 1891: "While it is true that W. W. Story's statue of Cleopatra is mentioned in the Marble Faun, it is also true that the Pearl Diver and the grand calm head of Milton commented on at some length in the dialogue between Miriam and Kenyon in his studio were not works of Story but of the late Paul Akers, a personal friend of Hawthorne in Rome, a native of the same state and an artist in whose studio Hawthorne often passed a social hour. In his preface to the Marble Faun Hawthorne expressly speaks of Mr. Akers and credits these marbles to him. In the text of the romance the personal description of Kenyon is a portrait of Mr. Akers.

Kerouec, Alain de, Marquis de Rochebriante. The principal character in Bulwer-Lytton's novel, The Parisians, a young aristocrat bred in the great traditions of his house who cannot fraternize with the flippant jeunesse dorée of the metropolis. Although impoverished by his father's

Kim

extravagance he never dreams of selling his chateau or going to work for a living. What he does do is to marry the daughter of a great financier.

Keyber, Conny, a nickname which Henry Fielding applied to Colley Cibber in The Author's Farce (1731). A burlesque of Pamela entitled An Apology for the Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews (1741), whose__pretended author is "Mr. Conny Keyber," is attributed to Fielding, and the attribution is all the more plausible because at that date it would seem that Fielding believed Cibber to be the author of Pamela (see Dobson's Samuel Richardson, pp. 43-45).

Killingworth, originally Kenilworth, a town in Connecticut founded 1663 which is probably the scene of Longfellow's poem, The Birds of Killingworth.

I found among his papers a newspaper cutting-a report of a debate in the Connecticut legislature upon a bill offering a be injurious to the farmers, in which debate bounty upon the heads of birds believed to a member from Killingworth took part. The name may have taken his fancy and upon story. SAMUEL LONGFELLOW: this slight hint he may have built up his American Notes and Queries, v, 198.

Kilmansegg, Miss, heroine of Thomas Hood's satirical poem, Miss Kilmansegg and her Golden Leg, an heiress with great expectations and with an artificial leg of solid gold.

Who can forget her auspicious pedigree, her birth, christening and childhood, her accident, her precious leg, her fancy ball, her marriage a la mode, followed in swift succession by the Hogarthian pictures of her misery and death.-E. C. STEDMAN: Victorian Poets, p. 80.

Kim, the nickname of Kimball O'Hara, hero of Kipling's novel Kim (1901), a precocious little vagabond of Irish parentage, orphaned when a baby and left to shift for himself in the depths of the native quarter of Lahore. He meets a Thibetan priest, Tesleo Lama, who is seeking the Allhealing River of the Arrows or Stream of Immortality, becomes his disciple, and roams through India in his company. Eventually Kim is recognized, reclaimed and adopted by the Irish regiment to which his father belonged.

King of the Mountains

His apprenticeship to the secret service gives him unique insight into the shady walks of Anglo-Indian life.

King of the Mountains, hero of a novel by Edmond About (1856) exposing the brigandage and maladministration of modern Greece. The narrative is placed in the hands of a young German, who with two ladies, the wife and daughter of a London banker, are represented as falling into the hands of the king of the mountains -a brigand named Hadji Stauros.

Kirkwood, Maurice, in O. W. Holmes's novel, A Mortal Antipathy (1885), a young man of good presence and good family, suffering from a singular malady. As a child he had been dropped from the arms of a girl cousin. Ever after, the presence of a beautiful woman caused a violent derangement of the heart's action and endangers life. He cherishes the hope that as like cures like some lovely woman may lift the curse from his life. His hope is justified.

Kunigunde

Klesmer, Herr, in George Eliot's Daniel Deronda (1876), a German musician, poor and proud and of high ideals, who teaches Gwendoleth Harleth and incidentally seeks to convert her to the doctrine of hard work and self-sacrifice.

Knight, Henry, the second lover of Elfrida in Hardy's novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873). He is an author, inclined to Quixotry and even priggishness, a little stilted and something of a purist in his notions about women.

fault if he is uninteresting in proportion as

Knight is a genuine man, and it is not his

he is literary. Since Pendennis and War

rington, many personages of our calling have figured in fiction, and they have nearly all been bores; and some blight of tiresomeness seems in novels to fall upon a class who in life are so delightful. It is to be said of Knight, that he is something more than the conventional literary man of fiction; but he at no time gives us the sense of entire projection from the author's mind that Stephen Smith does, and that, in a vastly more triumphant way, Elfrida does. He remains more or less dependent, more evidently a creature of the plot; but he very imaginably serves as the object of Elfrida's adoring love, from its first ignorant choice.-W. D. after her heart has helplessly wandered HoWELLS in Atlantic Monthly, October, 1873.

Kitty, the name under which Matthew Prior celebrated Catherine Hyde (1700-1777), who in 1720 married the third Duke of Queensbury and is also famous as the patron of Gay and Swift. She was high-spirited and whimsical-a spoiled child, a beauty and a wit at odds with the tyrannous conventions of her time-but her character was unblemished. Bolingbroke called her La Singularité. Walpole spoke of her frankly as an out-pensioner of Bedlam.' Yet four years before her death her still triumphant charms extorted from this most persistent of her detractors the following amende:

To many a Kitty, Love his car
Will for a day engage,
But Prior's Kitty, ever fair
Obtained it for an age!

Knight of the Burning Pestle, a title assumed by the hero of a burlesque of that name (1611) by Beau

ote, which was translated in 1612, the satire is aimed at the exaggerations and affectations of the tales of chivalry. In a play within a play Ralph, a grocer's boy, sallies out in quest of adventures. "Hence my blue apron! he cries. "Yet in remembrance of my former trade, upon my shield shall be portrayed a burning pestle, and I will be called the Knight of the Burning Pestle."

Krook, Mr., in Dickens's Bleak House, the drunken proprietor of a rag and bone shop, who died under circumstances that suggested spontaneous combustion.

Kunigunde, in German legend the Lady of the Kynast, and in French annals the heroine of the story of The Glove, which Schiller has versified. See LORGE, Dɛ.