valorem, in virtue of the said section, shall be levied and paid public revenue," and to provide for the punishment of em on any unmanufactured article.

backed by boat hands of the lowest and most violent order. They advanced to the attack with stones, &c., &c., and were repeatedly fired upon by the negroes. The mob scattered, but immediately rallied again, and again were in like manner repulsed. Men were wounded on both sides, and carried off-and many reported dead. The negroes rallied several times, advanced upon the crowd, and most unjustifiably fired down the street into it, causing a great rush down the street. These things were repeated until past 1 o'clock, when a party procured an iron six pounder from near the river, loaded with boiler punchings, &c., and hauled it to the ground, against the exhortations of the Mayor and others. It was posted on Broadway and pointed down Sixth street. The yells continued, but there was a partial cessation of the firing. Many of the negroes had fled to the hills. The attack upon houses was recommenced, with the firing of guns, on both sides, which continued during most of the night-and exaggerated rumors of the killed and wounded, filled the streets. The cannon was discharged several times.

From the Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 6. Riot and Loss of Life at Cincinnati. This city has been in a most alarming condition for several days-and from about 8 o'clock on Friday evening until about three o'clock yesterday morning, almost entirely at the mercy of a lawless mob, ranging in number, from two to fifteen hundred. Amidst the confusion of such a state of things, it is almost impossible to collect a full or accurate state of facts. But with deep regret, and acknowledged humiliation, we detail what has happened as well as we can. On Tuesday evening last, as we are informed, a quarrel took place near the corner of Sixth street and Broadway, between a party of Irishmen, and some negroes, in which blows were exchanged, and other weapons, if not fire arms, used. Some two or three of each party were wounded. On Wednesday night the quarrel was renewed in some way, and sometime after midnight, a party of excited men armed with clubs, &c., attacked a house occupied as a negro boardinghouse on Macalester street, demanding the surrender of a About 2 o'clock, a portion of the military upon the call negro, whom they said had fled into the house, and was there of the Mayor, proceeded in keeping the mob at bay. In the secreted, and uttering the most violent threats against the morning and throughout the day, several blocks, including house, and the negroes in general. Several of the adjoining the battle ground, were surrounded by sentinels, and kept houses were occupied by negro families, including a number under martial law-keeping within, the negroes there, and of women and children. The violence increased and was adding to them such as were brought during the day, who resisted by those in or about the houses-an engagement were seized without particular charge, by parties who scourtook place, in which several were wounded on each side-ed the city, assuming the authority of the law. and some say guns or pistols were discharged from the house. Some gentlemen in the neighborhood, interfered and succeeded in restoring quiet after about three-fourths of an hour, when a watchman appeared. But it is singular, that this violent street disturbance, elicited no report to the Mayor, nor arrest—indeed that the Mayor remained ignorant of the affair, until late in the day, when he casually heard of it.

On Thursday night another rencontre took place in the neighborhood of the Lower Market, between some young men and boys, and some negroes, in which one or two of the boys were badly wounded, as was supposed, with knives -how the negroes fared, we did not learn.

On Friday, during the day, there was considerable excitement. Threats of violence and lawless outbreak were indicated in various ways and came to the ear of the police, and of the negroes. Attacks were expected upon the negro residences in Macalester, Sixth and New streets. The negroes armed themselves, and the knowledge of this increased the excitement. But we do not know that it produced any known measure of precaution on the part of the police, to preserve the peace of the city.

Before eight o'clock in the evening, a mob, the principal organization of which, we understand was arranged in Kentucky, openly assembled in Fifth Street Market, unmolested by the police or citizens. The number of this mob, as they deliberately marched from their rendezvous towards Broadway and Sixth streets, is variously estimated, but the number increased as they progressed. They were armed with clubs, stones, &c. &c.

A meeting of citizens was held at the Court House on Saturday morning, at which the Mayor presided. This meeting was addressed by the Mayor, Judge Read, Mr. Piatt, Sheriff Avery and Mr. Hart. They resolved to observe the law, to discountenance mobs-invoked the aid of the civil authorities to stay the violence—and pledged themselves to exertion in aid of the civil authority to arrest and place within reach of the law, the negroes who wounded the two white boys on Columbia street. That the Township Trustees should enforce the law of 1807, requiring security of negroes, and pledging themselves to enforce it to the letter, until the city, "is relieved of the effect of modern abolitionism, giving assurance to "our Southern brethren," to carry out that "act in good faith"-and to deliver "up, under the law of Congress forthwith," every negro who escapes from his master and comes within our borders. They requested the Mayor, Sheriff and the civil authorities, to proceed at once to the dwellings of the blacks and disarm them of all offensive weapons-recommend search for offenders against the laws, immediate legal proceedings against them, and an efficient patrol to protect the persons and property of the blacks, during the existence of the present excitement, and until they give the bonds required by the act of 1807 or leave the city. They requested the parents and guardians of boys to keep them at home, or away from the scene of excitement. They "Resolved, That we view with abhorrence the proceedings of the Abolitionists in our city, and that we repudiate their doctrines, and believe it to be the duty of every good citizen by all lawful means to discountenance every man who lends them his assistance." These resolutions were reported by a committee composed by Messrs. J. W. Piatt, J. C. Avery, R. A. Madison, J. C. Vaughan, B. Storer, D. T. Disney, J. Read, J. Goodin, and N. W. Thomas, were adopted unanimously, signed by the Mayor of the city, Col. Davies, as President of the meeting, and Edward Woodruff, President of the City Council, as their Secretary, printed in handbills, and posted in all parts of the city.

Reaching the scene of operations with shouts and blasphemous imprecations, they attacked a negro confectionary house on Broadway, next to the Synagogue, and demolished the doors and windows. This attracted an immense crowd. Savage yells were uttered to encourage the mob onward to the general attack upon the negroes. About this time, before 9 o'clock, J. W. Piatt, in a way highly creditable to himself, addressed the mob, exhorting them to peace and obedience to law, and to retire without further violence.His voice was drowned by the violent shouts of the mob, The City Council also held a special session, and passed and the throwing of stones. At this time, we verily believe, resolutions invoking the united exertions of orderly citizens a determined corps of fifty or one hundred men, would have to the aid of the authorities—to put down the violent comdispersed the crowd. The Mayor came up and addressed motion existing in the city, to preserve order and vindicate the people, in a very proper way. The savage yell was in- the law against the violence of an excited and lawless mob stantly raised. "Down with him!"-"run him off!"--requesting all officers, watchmen, and firemen to unite for were shouted and intermixed with horrid imprecations and exhortations to the mob to move onward. We took some pains to ascertain who these leading disturbers of the peace were, and think a large portion of the leaders, and the most violent, came from other parts-were strangers-some were said to be connected with river navigation and were strongly

the arrest of all rioters and violators of law, and the Marshal to increase his deputies to any number required, not exceeding five hundred, to preserve life and protect property-requiring the Mayor and Marshal to call in the aid of the county militia to preserve order, and the Captain of the Watch to increase his force. These proceedings were post

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Etatement adamned during yesterday. The Council held a nesting, and a meeting of the citizens succeeded, in with me Governor who is in the city, with other gentlemen took part. Resolutions were adopted for an efficient organization for the night.

A Committee of Safety were appointed, who proclaimed their determination to secure the public peace. The Governor issued his Proclamation, exhorting to peace. The citiWring us is the declaration, truth requires us to ac- zens rallied with becoming spirit to aid the city authorities. kenware, the for good city has been in complete anarchy, Efficient organization followed. The military were again coutolier mostly by a lawless and violent mob for twenty-ordered out to preserve the peace. The knowledge of these

The following article, and another which we shall publish in our next, appeared in the United States Gazette, in September last, and were designed to have been printed in the Volume in which the letter referred to, was inserted, (See Vol. III, p. 153) but has from time to time been excluded by other matter. The lucid investigation of the facts connected with two important transactions between our own and foreign governments which have not been generally understood, made by a gentleman so fully competent to the task; and with which the good faith of the United States is so closely identified, is too important to be lost. The remarks upon the writers who gave occasion to these articles are severe, but they could not well be omitted without destroying the connexion of the whole. They discover a strong desire, however, to vindicate American honor, from the charges made against it in the paragraphs alluded to.

National Faith.-Louisiana Treaty.

No. 1.

show how honorably the Government of the United States has fulfilled all its pecuniary engagements; and he has nations in similar transactions. Here I will pause to say contrasted its greater punctuality with the conduct of other that there is no pecuniary engagement of the Government of the United States which it has not fulfilled; and I challenge this writer to produce proof of the contrary; and, of course, Mr. Biddle is justified in his allegation, even if "H." has correctly understood his aim.

Your correspondent then proceeds: "It were indeed gratifying if there were no blot upon so fair a page; but alas! in relation to the agreement between the United States and France, in the purchase of Louisiana, there has been, and still continues, a negligence of purpose, or a determination of injustice, which, if the bright page of national honor is to be preserved, demands consideration and redress." With a striking self-complacency and confidence in one so entirely misinformed, the writer proceeds: "A few words will explain the transaction. For spoliations committed by France upon the commerce of the United States, satisfaction was required by the latter government; and when France relinquished her authority over Louisiana, she expressly stipulated that the United States should pay to those American citizens who had beer plundered by her subjects, the sum of seven millions four hundred thousand dollars; and this treaty is solemnly ratified. Of this money none has yet been paid; and, when interest to the present time is added, it amounts to the enormous sum of twenty millions of dollars." The charge here upon the government of a gross breach of trust, of rank dishonesty, of a shameless fraud upon its own citizens, is clear and distinct. He goes on: "What a re

I have seldom been more surprised than to find that Mr. Biddle's spirited and just defence of the good faith of our country against the accusations and reproaches of the British press, has drawn upon him, or rather upon the United States, some sharp and angry reprimands, not omitting some unkind personal allusions to himself, as if he had been guilty of a gross offence or impropriety in becoming the advocate of American honesty. For my part, I have read his excel-proach is such a breach of national integrity, and how aglent and instructive letter with many thanks to him, and with gravated an instance! A noble and generous nation GIVES the pride and pleasure I think an American ought to feel for to the United States an equivalent for a certain sum of mohis clear and triumphant vindication of our national faith, ney, on condition (that is a condition required by this geneand for the undeniable evidence by which he throws the rous nation) that the same United States pays it over to its charge of dishonesty back upon our insolent and malicious own plundered citizens; an agreement with which it has accusers. All that Mr. Biddle has said of the good faith, failed to comply, thereby holding in contempt so sacred an nay, of the unusual liberality of our government, in the pay- obligation." ment of its debts, and more than this, of the debts of our It would be difficult for the most careless, or the most incitizens to foreign creditors, is strictly true; and it is my genious man to frame a paragraph so loaded with error and purpose to prove it. It is true that his particular object was misrepresentation-so entirely destitute of truth in every only to meet the late charges in relation to late loans taken material fact. Indeed there is not one that is truly stated.up in Europe, and the effect of our suspension of specie pay- 1. The money stipulated to be paid to the citizens of the ments upon them, and not to go back to the pecuniary United States, by the Louisiana treaty, was not for spoliatransactions of the Federal Government with foreigners and tions. France would hardly have admitted that she had robits own citizens, from the revolution to this day. I am will- bed and plundered our merchants. It was to be paid for ing, however, to meet his antagonists on their own ground, debts due to them by the French Government, for supplies, and to sustain the broad and general allegation of the in- by embargoes and other matters-illegal captures being, it is tegrity of the United States in the payment of all their true, an item in the account. 2. This stipulation was not debts. I speak now of debts-of pecuniary engagements. made, or suggested, or expressed, on the part of France, but As to certain claims, not of foreign creditors, but of our was introduced and insisted upon by the American Comown citizens, which are addressed to the equity and justice missioners. It can with no propriety be said that " she exof our government, I shall speak of them. What Mr. Bid-pressly stipulated" that this money should be paid to our dle has said of the full and honorable discharge of the claims citizens, as if it was done on her motion, and from her tenof our creditors, and he has spoken of no other, will be der and vigilant regard for our merchants. 3. The sum thus proved by the public records of our country. Those who reserved was not seven millions four hundred thousand dolhave assailed him have exhibited an extraordinary want of lars, but about half of that amount. 4. The noble and geneknowledge on the subject, and, in my opinion, an unjustifia- rous nation was so far from having this magnanimous reble negligence, in not taking the trouble to be better ac- gard for the rights and interests of our citizens, that after the quainted with it before they ventured to come before the pub- negotiators had agreed to it, an attempt was made on the lic with their speculations, especially as their object was to part of the French Government to take this money from us, fix fraud and dishonor on their country. One would suppose and put it into the French Treasury: to withdraw this conthat an American would be reluctant to do this, on the cession to the American creditors, this act of sheer justice, clearest proof, but could never be brought to it, not only and appropriate the whole amount of the purchase money without evidence, but in the face of the most authentic and to the wants of that government. Thus far I have noticed unquestionable testimony. these errors only to show how carelessly your correspondent has written; but-5. Every cent stipulated by that treaty to be paid to our citizens was promptly provided for and paid precisely in conformity with the provisions of the treaty; unless the claimants have neglected to get their orders as directed by the treaty, and to call on our treasury for the money, which is hardly to be believed. Our friend "H." might have spared his lamentations over this aggravated breach of national integrity; this contempt of a sacred obligation, and also the labor of calculating the interest for so many years on seven millions five hundred thousand dollars, now

The attacks upon Mr. Biddle's letter have appeared in your Gazette, and in another morning paper, which has a very extensive circulation, and is conducted with great ability. The writer, in your paper of the fourth instant, with the signature" H.," has committed such violent mistakes, that it is evident he wrote without the most ordinary examination of his case, and with a wonderful ignorance of it.This I intend to make abundantly clear. I know that it is incumbent on me to do so, after stating it so strongly. This writer “H.” tells us, that the whole aim of Mr. Bid/lle is to