Phenomena observed at the Stations during August, 1879. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 DATE. I 2 3 4 5 6 ER Wakefield ΣΕΞ M и : : O indicates rain; snow; hail; fog; R thunderstorm; T thunder; lightning; O solar halo; lunar halo. Cheltenham Carmarthen Dartmoor EXPLANATION OF THE SYMBOLS. ... : Phenomena observed at the Stations during SEPTEMBER, 1879. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 22 ... ... ... ... : : : : : M : : ... от ... от ...... EXPLANATION OF THE SYMBOLS.- indicates rain; snow; hail; fog; thunderstorm; T thunder; lightning; C solar halo; w lunar halo. LIST OF THE STATIONS, WITH THE NAMES OF THE OBSERVERS, &c. Column 1 is the mean of the readings of, the Barometer at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. corrected for temperature and reduced to sea-level. Column 4 is the mean of the readings of the Dry-Bulb Thermometer at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. Columns 5 to 10. The Maximum and Minimum Thermometers are read and set at 9 p.m., and the readings entered to the same day. Columns 13 and 14. The Relative Humidity is calculated by dividing the elastic force of vapour, at the temperature of the dew-point, for the month, by that at the temperature of the air (i.e. dry-bulb reading). Columns 15 and 16. The Amount of Cloud is estimated according to the scale 0-10, 0 representing a cloudless sky, and 10 a completely covered or overcast sky. Columns 17 to 20. The Rain is measured at 9 a.m., and the amount entered to the previous day. A fall of '006 in. and above constitutes a day of rain. Column 21. When any Snow falls it is entered as a day of snow. Columns 22 and 23. When the mean of the 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. observations of the amount of Cloud is less than 2.0, this is called a day of clear sky, but when the mean is above 80 it is called an overcast day. Column 24. When the Force of the Wind is 7 and above (on the scale 0—12) this is counted as a gale. Columns 25 to 33 give the sums of the observations of the Direction of the Wind at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. METEOROLOGY OF ENGLAND, DURING THE QUARTER ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1878. www REMARKS ON THE WEATHER DURING THE QUARTER Ending DECEMBER 3 IST, 1878. By JAMES GLAISHER, ESQ., F.R.S., &c. THE weather was generally fine and warm till the 21st of October, the average daily excess of temperature up to this day being 3° 4, from the 22nd day the weather became cold and the sky cloudy, with rain falling frequently; this unpleasant weather continued throughout November and during the first few days in December. On the 6th of December the cold increased in intensity, severe frosts set in, and very low temperatures without intermission continued till the evening of the 25th of December; the average deficiency of daily temperatures below their averages for the 65 days ending December 25th was 5°6; between December 6th and December 25th, on several days the mean temperature was more than 12° below its average, and on the 24th day it was as large as 1710 below; the average daily deficiency of mean temperature for the 20 days ending December 25th was 10° 8. On December 26th, the weather suddenly changed and became much warmer; the mean temperature of both December 30th and 31st was about 14° in excess of the average, being 31° to 32° higher than that of six days before; viz., on December 24th. The cold winterly weather in December was general over the country, and on some of the days the temperature was extremely low. The following table shows the minimum temperatures at the several stations on the coldest days, and also on the two warm days at the end of the year. TABLE showing the MINIMUM TEMPERATURES of the AIR at the several STATIONS on December 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 30th, and 31st. Names of Stations. DECEMBER. 9th. 10th. 11th. 12th. 13th. 14th. 15th. 17th. 23rd. 24th. 25th. 30th. 31st. Strathfield Turgiss 26.1 19.3 25.3 26.9 24.4 24.5 25.0 21.0 25'1 24.9 23.6 25'4 44 2 46.3 18.0 16.0 16.0 33.0 49'0 27.0 23'0 23.0 41.0 52.0 24'5 19'0 19'0 36'0 42.0 21'4 16.6 18.3 17.5 20'7 21.4 27.5 24.5 25*2 23'1 22.0 22.0 19.8 23.0 27.1 24.8 22.9 15:0 20'6 27.9 26.0 25.9 25.7 20'4 19.2 22.0 25.4 21.1 17.0 27.6 25'4 26'0 25.5 20.6 20.5 21.3 23.1 19'8 13.4 12.2 28.5 21.0 25.2 26.2 26.0 20.2 20.0 22'0 27'S 15*2 6.2 29'0 26.2 26'0 27.0 23.5 21.2 21.7 23.2 21.6 18.7 38.2 23'3 22.1 25.8 23.5 16.9 21.5 28.1 25 2 5'1 26-6 27.1 18.3 23.1 24.7 21.0 13.2 22.0 21.7 15.5 25'6 21.0 23'0 23.4 23.6 17.4 21.0 21.0 19'4 17.6 12.0 26.9 18.8 18.3 21.0 14.6 18.3 15'7 14'8 19.6 22.2 11.8 26.7 20.5 25.8 22.2 18.8 25'7 16.8 16.7 22.1 19.2 15'8 20 5 23.8 24.8 21.0 16.5 19.0 22'0 22.3 22.0 12.5 38.0 48.0 21.5 12.0 12.5 11.0 21.0 17.0 22.0 18.5 21.0 10.0 5.0 37'0 46.0 25.0 19.5 25.5 22.0 22.0 21.0 19.0 18.5 23'0 21.0 16.0 42.0 48.0 24.9 19.3 24.4 22.3 20.8 18.0 23.9 19.0 23.0 15.0 6.9 40.2 47.0 22.4 23.4 15.5 21.9 16.3 18.5 21.5 19.0 15.3 9.0 44.3 48'0 18.6 21.4 19 9 11.9 12.8 17.0 Bywell North Shields 30.0 28.0 29'0 28.0 11.0 7:0 9.0 16.0 5'7 14.9 10.2 114 11.5 14°3 34.0 8.0 14.0 11'0 11.0 15 5 9.4 20.0 12.0 16.7 14.4 20'0 13.0 18.0 29.0 24.0 25°0 25.0 35.0 42.0 5.5 16.8 11.0 7.2 5'0 5.8 16.5 4470 30.0 17.0 22.0 16.0 12.0 7:0 34.0 40.0 22.0 21.5 18.2 14.0 21.3 34.0 39.0 6'0 31.0 5°0 16.0 43'0 28.0 45'3 31.3 13.0 34.7 43'0 37.8 From this table it will be seen that on the 9th the lowest reading was 16° o at Waringstown, on the 10th was 12° o at Stockton, on the 11th was 10°7 at Silloth, on the 12th was 7°.0 at Waringstown, on the 13th was 5°5 at Carlisle, on the 14th was 57 at Cockermouth, on the 15th was 6o at Waringstown, on the 17th was 7°2 at Carlisle, on the 23rd was 5°0 at Carlisle and Waringstown, on the 24th was 5°∙1 at Oxford, and on the 25th was 5° ́o at Stockton. And from the numbers in the last two columns it will be seen that at many places the lowest temperature on December 30th and 31st was 50°, and at a few places even exceeded 50°. Snow fell on 20 days in November, and on every day in December at some station, excepting the 4th, 29th, 30th, and 31st. On some days the fall was general; even in Cornwall and Devonshire it fell frequently in the month of December. D |