freer compilation of translations and extracts from various Anglo-Saxon enactments and legal documents with some remarks by the author himself. The third part (with the concluding lines not belonging here) is printed in Schmid, Gesetze der Angelsachsen, append. XX, under the title Pseudoleges Canuti. On this law-book cf. Felix Liebermann, On the Instituta Chuti aliorumque regum Anglorum in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, new series VII, 77, London, 1893. The book was certainly written before 1140 (that being the date of the oldest MS), probably (Liebermann, pp. 83, 93) about 1110, because there is allusion in it to the ordinance of Henry I touching hundred moots (cf. § 60, note 4). Quadripartitus. Only the introductions and books I and II are known; whether books III and IV, which were intended to be written, as we gather from the scheme indicated in the preface, were really written has not been ascertained. The part preserved has been edited by Liebermann, Halle a. S., 1892; where see more about the book. Bk. I contains a translation of most of the still extant Anglo-Saxon laws and legal treatises. [Liebermann generally gives only the headings, referring to Schmid l.c., who prints the text as Vetus versio.] Book II contains a collection of documents of the years 1100-1109/11, partly with connecting text. According to Liebermann, l.c. pp. 39 ff., the various passages were prepared for several years down to 1114, the preface to bk. II between 1114 and 1118; correction in matters of detail could have been made by the author down to circ. 1150; the writer was probably an ecclesiastic at the king's

court.

Consiliatio Cnuti. Edited by Liebermann, Halle a. S., 1893. Consists of a short introduction, of a translation of the laws of Knut and of three short Anglo-Saxon treatises. The translation contains small changes and additions. The work was, according to Liebermann, written between 1102 and 1163, very probably before 1150.

Cnuti Constitutiones de Foresta. Printed in Schmid, Gesetze der Angelsachsen, as Knut III. The treatise professes to be a law of Knut, but is in reality of the twelfth century; the Instituta Cnuti are used. Liebermann in Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung, German. Abteilung XV, 174; cf. Schmid, l.c. p. lvi.

Leges Edwardi Confessoris. Printed in Schmid, Gesetze der Angelsachsen, append. XXII, not, however, according to the oldest MSS. The time of composition is unknown; probably, the first third of the twelfth century. William II is mentioned as if no longer reigning. According to Liebermann, Introduction to Dialogus de Scaccario, pp. 71 ff., written in the reign of Henry I. Phillips, relying on a remark in the chronicle of Hoveden, supposes that Glanvilla was the author; this view is rejected by Schmid and Liebermann; cf. also Stubbs, Rer. Brit. Scr. No. 51 vol. II p. xlix. A revision of the book was made before 1154, probably after 1139; the version in Hoveden rests on this revision (Liebermann, Über die Leges Angl. saec. XIII ineunte Londoniis collectae, pp. 28 ff.; cf. also Liebermann, Zu den Gesetzen der Angelsachsen, in the Zeitschr. der Savigny-Stiftung, Germanic section, V, 224; Stubbs, l.c. pp. xliii ff.).— William I and Henry I referred to the leges Edwardi as amended by William I as to valid law. William I, Laws III, 13 (in the better text in Hoveden II, 217, c 17), Carta Henrici I in Statutes of the Realm. I Charters, p. 2.

Leges Regis Henrici Primi. In Schmid, l.c. append. XXI. The first two chapters are charters of Henry I. The preface, which refers to these two chapters, must have been written before 1118, as Mathilda, Henry's consort, is mentioned as living; from c 3 onward the leges are a private work. It has been disputed when the latter part was written; but as the legislative reforms of Henry II are not noticed, we gather that the law-book is not later than the first years of his reign. According to Liebermann, Die Abfassungszeit der leges Henrici I, in Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte XVI, 582, there is no reason to suppose that the part from c 3 onward was written later than the preface. Cf., however, the authorities

he cites for a contrary opinion. As in c 7 § 1 the ordinance of Henry I touching hundred-moots (cf. § 60, note 4) is referred to as lately (nuper issued, the leges are, at any rate, not older than circ. 1110. According to Schmid l.c. Introduction p. lxx the Vetus versio (cf. above, Quadripartitus was used As to the title, whether it is original and whether it belongs to the whole law-book or only to the introductory charter (of 1100), these are questions not yet satisfactorily answered.-Stephen in his shorter charter (Statutes of the Realm, I Charters p. 4) confirmed the laws of Henry I and the leges Edwardi, i.e. the law as it was in the time of Edward. Henry II referred to the law as under Henry I as valid law. Cf. § 4, note 40. In the leges Henrici I the reference is to the leges Edwardi. Cf. § 60, note 24. Dialogus de Scaccario. Printed in Madox, History of the Exchequer and in Stubbs, Select Charters. Written in the reign of Henry II-according to the preface, in 1177 by Richard, king's treasurer from circ. 1159 to 1198. from 1189 onwards bishop of London. Cf. Liebermann, Einleitung in den Dialogus de Scaccario, Göttingen, 1875. According to Stubbs, Rer. Brit. Ser. No. 49, vol. I p. lx the Dialogus was probably written between 1181 and 1188. Liebermann, on the other hand, supposes that the date of composition was 1178-9. Radulphus de Glanvilla. Tractatus de Legibus et Consuetudinibus Regni Angliae. Edited by John Rayner, London, 1780. Also printed as an appendix by Georg Phillips, Engl. Reichs- und Rechtsgeschichte, Berlin, 1827. An edition is in preparation for the Rer. Brit. Scr. series. Glanvilla was chief justiciar of England, 1180-90. It is disputed whether he wrote the treatise himself, or whether it was only written during his tenure of office and by another. (For the latter view see especially F. W. Maitland in Dict. of Nat. biography under Glanville.) The date of composition is not precisely known; the assize of Northampton (1176) is, however, noticed. According to Liebermann, Einleitung in den Dialogus de & p. 74, the completion of the work falls between November 1187 and July 1189. London collection of legal documents. Carefully described and some sma!! parts printed by Liebermann, Über die Leges Anglorum saeculo XIII ineunte Londoniis collectae. Halle a. S., 1894. The collection contains some intro ductory explanations of words and statements of the number of counties and hides in England (both explanations and statements based on older compositions); further, an edition of the Quadripartitus and of a revision of the laws of William I and of the Leges Edwardi Confessoris; lastly. legal monumenta from the time of the first Norman kings (included are the leges Henrici I) down to 1197, also documents to Magna Carta of 1215 inclusive, probably added afterwards by the same writer; all this inter spersed with other matter; the documents are in many places intentionally corrupted. The author is unknown; according to Liebermann, le p. 91, the work was written after 1206, probably all except the later addition mentioned, before 1215; this addition probably circ. 1217, perhaps, however, not until after 1244.-Cf. the collections (related to this) from a later time in Rer. Brit. Scr. No. 12.

Henricus de Bracton (= Bratton). De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae. Edited by Twiss in Rer. Brit. Scr. No. 70. 6 vols. In this edition, as not all the MSS have been regarded, several passages have been admitted into the text which are apparently later additions. On the work of Bracton cf. Karl Güterbock, Henricus de Bracton und sein Verhältnis zum Römischen Rechte, Berlin, 1862; English translation of the last named work by Brinton Coxe, Philadelphia, 1866, with some additions of his own; F. W. Maitland, Bracton's Note-Book (i.e. a collection of notes of cases, probably made at Bracton's suggestion, at all events largely used by him for his work. Vols. II and III contain the text; vol. I, the introduction, index etc.), London, 1887, 3 vols. Bracton was justiciar under Henry IIL The date of his birth is unknown. He died probably in 1268 (Twiss, vol. II, p. xii). In no part of his work are the alterations in the provisions of

law made in 1258 and 1259 noticed. In one passage there is an allusion to the possible election of Richard of Cornwall to the imperial throne (negotiations in 1256-7). Thus the work was probably completed in 1257. Twiss supposes that the several tractatus of which it is made up grew by degrees, the oldest being before the resignation of judicial office by Pateshull (1232; so Twiss, vol. I p. xiv; but the year given is due to a mistake in the dating [16 instead of 11 Hen. III=1226-27] in some MSS; Pateshull died in 1229. Maitland I, 45, note 3); for particulars as to the times when the various tractatus were written see Twiss, Introduction to the several volumes. According to Maitland, I, 37-44, Bracton used preferentially decisions before 1240, but wrote the book as a whole probably circ. 1250-7. Revision of Glanvilla's law-book. Written or only transcribed by Robert Carpenter of Hareslade, who laboured in 1265, but also long after 1272. See Maitland, Glanvill revised, in Harvard Law Review, 1892, and Introduction, p. 6, to The Court Baron (Selden society, 1891).

Les Encoupemenz [=inculpamenta] en Court de Baron. Printed by Maitland, The Court Baron, pp. 19 ff. Date of composition not precisely known. Consisting of three parts, of which a portion of the second part and the third part are probably later additions; the apparently older part was transcribed by Robert Carpenter of Hareslade.

Brevia Placitata. Unprinted; probably written in the years before 1272; described by Maitland, The Court Baron, Introduction p. 11. Treatise probably by John of Oxford. Consisting of four parts, of which there belong here: 1. Collection of formularies (unprinted; probably completed shortly after 1280; extract given by Maitland in The Law Quarterly Review, 1891, pp. 63 ff.); 3. De Placitis et Curiis tenendis (probably written shortly after 1269); printed by Maitland, The Court Baron, pp. 68 ff.). Officium Justiciariorum (probably written soon after 1280) and two other treatises. All unprinted; described by Maitland, The Court Baron, Introduction pp. 15 ff.

Fleta, seu Commentarius Juris Anglicani (called Fleta, because written in the prison of that name). The author is unknown. The treatise is apparently to be assigned about to the year 1290. Latest edition in Houard, Traités sur les Contumes Anglo-Normandes, publiés en Angleterre depuis le onzième jusqu'au, quatorzième Siècle. Rouen, 1776. Vol. III. Britton, The French Text with an English translation, Introduction and Notes, by Francis Morgan Nichols. 2 vols. Oxford, 1865. In its present form (which is probably the original one) it belongs to the time between 18 and 23 Ed. I, probably 1291-2. Professes to be a codification of existing law, published by king Edward I. Probably the king did cause such a treatise to be written, but this work was not set forth by public authority. The authorship is disputed. Perhaps the name Britton is identical with Bracton. Bracton and Fleta are both used. Radulphus de Hengham. Summa Magna and Summa Parva (edited, as an appendix to Fortescue, De Laudibus Legum Angliae, by Selden. London, 1616). The author was Chief Justice of the King's Bench, 1274-90, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 1301-9. He died about 1308-11 (Hardy, Rer. Brit. Scr. No. 26, III, 346). When he wrote the treatises is not precisely known. According to Twiss, Bracton, vol. VI pp. lix, lxi, the Summa Magna was written after 54 Hen. III (1270), the Summa Parva after 18 Ed. I (1289-90).

Mirrour aux Justices, in five chapters. Printed at London, 1642. The first four chapters are in Houard, Traités etc. IV, 463 ff. A new edition by T. W. Whitaker for the Selden society is in preparation. According to Houard l.c. the first four chapters are by Andrew Horne, who-Coke, Reports, Ed. 1826, pt. X, p. xxv, as it is supposed '-wrote at the end of the thirteenth century; whilst the fifth, which mentions usages which originated under Edward II, was added by some unknown writer after Horne's death. But Horne died in 1328. On this Andrew Horne see Riley in Rer. Brit. Ser. No. 12, vol. II p. ix, and Stubbs, Rer. Brit. Ser. No. 76, vol. I p.

H.C.

M M

xxiii. According to Twiss, Bracton, vol. III p. xiv, the Mirrour aux Justices was written at the earliest in Britton's day, probably later. Modus tenendi curias (probably composed for John of Longueville), printed br Maitland, The Court Baron pp. 79 ff. Written in or shortly after 130. [Another Modus tenendi curias, composed for the abbey of St. Albans, written or revised about 1342, is printed l.c. 93 ff.]

Regiam Majestatem, mainly identical with Glanvilla, but in different order and with some alterations and additions, of which a part are old Scottish laws. The author is unknown. The book professes to have been issued upon the mandate of David (I) of Scotland (1124-53), but is in reality, at earliest, of the beginning of the 14th cent. Printed as appendix I to Acts of the Parliament of Scotland (edit. of Record Commission), I, 597 ff.; in I, 135, Regiam Majestatem and Glanvilla are printed side by side for purpose comparison.

3. Modern works on church history.

(a) Referring to both ancient and modern periods.

of

Baxter, J. A. The Church History of England from the Introduction of Chris tianity into Britain to the Present Time. 2nd Ed. London, 1849 (first Ed., London, 1846).

Collier, Jeremy. An Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, chiefly of Eng land, from the first planting of Christianity, to the end of the Reign of King Charles II; with a brief account of the Affairs of Religion in Ireland. 1708 ff. New Ed., London, 1852, by Lathbury, 9 vols. (The last volume contains a collection of documents.)

Dodd (H. Tootell). The Church History of England from 1500 to 1688, chiefly with regard to Catholicks; to which is prefixed a general

history of ecclesiastical affairs under the British, Saxon and Norman Periods. 3 vols. Brüssel, 1737.

Foxe, John. Commentarii Rerum in Ecclesia gestarum, maximarumque, per totam Europam, persecutionum a Wiclevi temporibus ad hanc usque aetatem descriptio. Strassburg, 1554. A later Latin edition: Basel, 1559. The first English: London, 1563, with the title Actes and Monumentes of these latter and perilous dayes, touching matters of the Church (Contains in particular a history of religious persecutions from 64 to 1558, with special reference to England.) New edition in 8 vols. London.

1843-49.

Fuller, Thos.

1845.

The Church History of Britain; from the Birth of Jesus Christ untill 1648. London, 1655. New edition in 6 vols. by Brewer. Oxford, Jennings, Arthur Charles. Ecclesia Anglicana, A History of the Church of Christ in England from the earliest to the present times. London, 1882. 1 vol. Inett, John. Origines Anglicanae, or, A History of the English Church from the conversion of the English Saxons till the death of King John. 1704 # New Ed. in 2 vols. by John Griffiths, Oxford, 1855.

Parker, Matthew, archbishop of Canterbury. De Antiquitate Britannica Ecclesiae et Privilegiis Ecclesiae Cantuariensis, cum Archiepiscopis eiusdem 70. London (Lambeth), 1572 (probably only 25 copies issued. 2nd Ed. Hanoviae, 1605. (Covers the time from the introduction of Chris tianity to 1558.)

Perry, G. G. A History of the English Church (from the first planting of Christianity to the present day). References are to the following editions: vol. I, 4th Ed., 1888; vol. II, 5th Ed., 1888; vol. III, 1st Ed., 1887 (an older book by the same author, covering the period 1603-1800, bears the title The History of the Church of England from the death of Elizabeth to the present time. 3 vols. London, 1861-64).

Stäudlin, Carl Friedrich. Allgemeine Kirchengeschichte von Grossbritannien, Göttingen. 1819.

(b) Roman, British, and Anglo-Saxon periods.

Bright, William. Chapters of Early English Church History. 2nd Ed., Oxford, 1888 (from the introduction of Christianity in Roman times to the death of Wilfrid, circ. 709).

Lingard, John. The History and Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church. London, 1845. 2 vols. (this is the edition to which reference has been made). Reprinted London, 1858.

Lloyd, William. An Historical Account of Church Government as it was in Great Britain and Ireland when they first received the Christian Religion. London, 1684. Republished in 1842 along with Stillingfleet's Origines. Loofs, Friedrich. Antiquae Britonum Scotorumque Ecclesiae quales fuerint mores, quae ratio credendi et vivendi, quae controversiae cum Romana Ecclesia causa atque vis quaesivit F. L. Leipzig and London, 1882. Schrödl, Karl. Das erste Jahrhundert der englischen Kirche, oder Einführung und Befestigung des Christentumes bei den Angelsachsen in Britannien. Passau and Wien, 1840.

Soames, Henry. The Anglo-Saxon Church; its History, Revenues and General Character. 3rd Ed., London, 1844.-The same. The Latin Church during Anglo-Saxon Times. London, 1848. (History of papacy in A.-S. times, particularly of its progress in England.)

Stillingfleet, Edward. Origines Britannicae or The Antiquities of the British Churches. London, 1685. New edition in 2 vols., Oxford, 1842. (History of British churches to end of 6th cent.)

Usher (Usserius), James. Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates (also with title De Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Primordiis). Dublin, 1639. 2nd Ed. London, 1687. (History of ancient Keltic churches in England, Scotland and Ireland.)

1 vol.

(c) Reformation and modern times.

Amos, Andrew. Observations on the Statutes of the Reformation Parliament in the Reign of King Henry the Eighth. London and Cambridge, 1859. Böhme, Anton Wilhelm. Acht Bücher von der Reformation der Kirche in England und was von dem 1526 Jahre an bis zu Caroli II Regierung bei derselben Merkwürdiges sich zugetragen. Altona, 1734. Burnet, Gilbert. The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. 3 parts. London, 1679, 1715. (A collection of documents is appended to each part.) New edition in 7 vols. Oxford, 1865. Carwithen, J. B. S. The History of the Church of England. 3 vols. London, 1829-33. (Covers, after a short introduction, the time from 1524-1689.) Hetherington, W. M. History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines. 4th Ed. by Robert Williamson. Edinburgh, 1878.

Heylin, Peter. Ecclesia Restaurata or The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. London, 1661. Several later editions; the last by James Craigie Robertson for the ecclesiastical history society. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1849.

Neal, Daniel. The History of the Puritans; or Protestant Nonconformists; from 1517 to 1688, comprising an account of their principles; their attempts for a farther reformation in the Church; their sufferings; and the lives and characters of their most considerable divines. 1732-38, in 4 vols. 2nd Ed., Dublin, 1755, in 4 vols. New Ed., London, 1822, in 5 vols. Stoughton, John. History of Religion in England, from the opening of the Long Parliament to the end of the eighteenth century. 6 vols. London, 1881. (The several parts had been issued at intervals, beginning from 1862.) Ditto. Religion in England from 1800 to 1850. A history with a postscript on subsequent events. 2 vols. London, 1884. Stubbs, William. Historical Appendix IV to Report of Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Courts 1883 (parliamentary Reports, vol. XXIV): A Collation of the Journals of the Lords, with the Records of Convocation from 1529 to 1547, showing the Dates and the Processes by which the Convoca