a square wooden building, 20 feet high, and painted white. Position, lat. 45 30′ 40′′ N., long. 61° 6′ W.

30.-BALTIC SEA.-Dagö.-North Ristna Point.-A lighthouse has been erected on North Ristna point, west end of Dagö, from which a light will be exhibited next season. The light will be a fixed red light, elevated 118 feet above the sea, and should be seen 17 miles. The lighthouse is 98 feet high, built of iron, and painted white. Position, lat. 58° 56′ 15′′ N., long. 22° 4′ 15′′ E.

31.-BALTIC SEA.-Prussia.-Frische Haff.-Frauenburg.—The harbour light at Frauenburg has been changed from a fixed white light to a fixed red light, in order to distinguish it from the town lights. Approximate position, lat. 54° 21′ 30′′ N., long. 19° 40′ 45′′ E.

32.-BALTIO SEA.—Prussia.—Rixhöft.-A second light of the first order is now exhibited from a lighthouse erected at Rixhöft, W.N.W., distant 208 yards from the old lighthouse. The light is a fixed white light, elevated 231 feet above the sea, and should be seen 21 miles.

33.-NORTH SEA.-Elbe River.-The six light-vessels in the Elbe river will exhibit a white riding light forward, at a height of 6 feet above the rail. 34.-MEDITERRANEAN.-Greece.—Marathɔnisi.-The light on Crance island, Marathonisi, has been temporarily discontinued for repairs.

35.-GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE.-Percé Bay.—White Head.-A light is now exhibited from a lighthouse erected on White head, Percé bay, near Mal bay. The light is a fixed white light, elevated 138 feet above high water, and should be seen 13 miles. The tower is a square wooden building, 20 feet high, and painted white. Position, lat. 48° 30' 30" N., long. 64° 13′ W.

36.- GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE.-Magdalen Islands.-Grindstone Island.-A fog-whistle is now established near the lighthouse at Etang du Nord, west side of Grindstone island. In thick or foggy weather, or snowstorms, the whistle will sound two blasts of eight seconds' duration in each minute, with an interval of twenty-two seconds between each blast. 37.-AUSTRALIA.-E. Coast.--The following dangers have been reported: Northumberland Islands.-Captain Hannah, of the schooner Young Australian, has reported the existence of a small patch of rock (Hannah rock) having 4 fathoms water on it, in the Northumberland group, lying with western point of No. 1 Percy island, bearing N.W. westerly, and north-east islet in line with the peak of south-west island of 4th group. These bearings place the rock in lat. 21° 55′ 40′′ S., long. 150° 29′ 30′′ E. Night Island.-Mr Sykes, master of the Hannah Broomfield, reports the existence of a coral patch (Sykes rock) with about 4 feet water on it at low water, and from which the following bearings were taken :— Round rock, N.N.W. W.; highest part of u reef north. These bearings place the rock in lat. 13° 5′ 30′′ S., long. 143° 34′ 30′′ E.

Edwards Rock.-Mr. Sykes describes Edwards rock, lying to the southward of Restoration isle, Cape Weymouth, as being awash at low water and extending nearly half a mile east and west, and 100 yards wide. Also, that a detached coral patch having 5 feet water on it at low water, from one-third to half a mile from G reef, with the small westernmost rock of Forbes islets bearing N. by E.

38.-TORRES STRAIT.-Flinders Passage.-Mr. Chapman, master of the cutter Peveril, reports the existence of a reef in Flinders passage, between Wednesday and Horn islands. The reef (Chapman reef) dries at low water, it extends east and west 500 yards, and is 40 yards broad, terminating at each end in sharp points, which are steep to. The following bearings were taken, viz. :-Eastern end-south-east point of Wednesday island, N.E. by E., and north east point of Horn island, S.E. by S. Western end-west point of Wednesday island, N.N.W.; double hill, Horn island, S.S.W. W.

89.-TORRES STRAIT.-Albany Rock.--The harbour master at Somerset reports the existence of the following danger, viz. :-A sand-bank, about 200 yards long, east and west, very narrow, and nearly awash at low-water springs, lies N.N.W., half a mile from Albany rock. It is steep to.

40.-UNITED STATES.-Gulf of Mexico.-Timballier Island.—On the 15th January, 1875, a light will be exhibited from a lighthouse erected near the east end of Timballier island, Louisiana. The light will be a fixed white light, varied by a red flash every minute of the second order, elevated 110 feet above high water, and should be seen 16 miles. The lighthouse is an iron screw pile building and stands in 7 feet water on the north side of the island. It is painted in alternate black and white bands. The dwelling in the lower part of the tower is white. Approximate position, as given, lat. 29° 1' N., long. 90° 18′ W.

Note.-Timballier island is low and marshy, about 11 miles long, not wooded, and cannot be seen from a greater distance seaward than 6 miles. Vessels passing should attend to the lead and not stand into less than 5 fathoms.

41.-NORWAY.-West Coast.-Trondhjem Approaches.-Borö.-A light would be exhibited from a lighthouse on Börö, at the east end of Hitteren island, entrance of Skioren fiord. The light is a fixed white light, visible from S. W. through west and north to E.N.E., showing a sector of red light between the bearings S.W. and S.S.W.; it is elevated 52 feet above the sea, and in clear weather should be seen from a distance of 9 miles. The illuminating apparatus is of the fifth order. The lighthouse is a wooden building with a tower, painted white. Approximate postion, lat. 63° 34' 10" N., long. 9° 18′ E.

Note.-The arc of red light covers the Sles Skar.

42.-NORWAY.-Christiania Fiord.-Fulehuk Lighthouse.-The following alteration has been made in the fog-signal at Fulehuk lighthouse. In thick or foggy weather the bell will be sounded fifteen times, lasting about a minute, and followed by an interval of fifteen seconds.

43.-NORWAY.-South Coast.-Tvesteen Island.-Two stone pyramidal beacons, 13 feet high, and 28 yards apart, have been erected on Tvesteen, replacing the mark hitherto used. Position, lat. 58° 56′ 40′′ N., long. 9° 56' 40' E.

44.-NORTH SEA.-Jutland.-Graa Deep.-Esbjerg.-A fixed red light, elevated 17 feet above high water, is exhibited from the head of the north mole at Esbjerg harbour.

45.-NORTH SEA.-Jutland.-Lim-Fiord.-Thybo Rön Channel.-The light-vessel in Thybo Rön channel, the entrance to Lim-fiord, has been moved 1 mile E. S.

46.-BALTIC.-Sweden.—Kalmar Sund.-Demman Shoal.-A light is now exhibited from the lighthouse on this shoal, and the temporary light is discontinued. The light is a flashing white light, showing a flash every forty seconds, and is obscured between the bearings of west and W.N.W.; it is elevated 43 feet above the sea, and should be seen 10 miles. The light is exhibited from the 1st March to 15th December, but earlier or later, should the ice be sufficiently open for the passage of vessels. Position, lat. 57° 3′ 40′′ N., long. 16° 40′ 50′′ E. In thick or foggy weather, a gong will be sounded.

47.-BALTIC.-Sweden.-Kalmar Sund.-Furö.-In accordance with Nautical Notice, No. 188 (August, 1874), a red and white light is now exhibited from the roof of the Pilots' dwelling to the north-east end of Furo. The light is red, between the bearings of W.N.W. through west and south to S.E.; and white from S.E. through east and north to W.N.W. It is elevated 47 feet above the sea, and the red light should be seen 5 miles, and the white light 8 miles. Position, lat. 57° 17' N., long. 16° 38′ E. Note. The Pilots' house is painted white, and when a pilot is obtainable a black ball with horizontal white stripe will be hoisted on a mast on the east gable of the house.

CHARTS, &c., Published by the Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, to the end of December, 1874, and Sold by the Agent, J. D. Potter, 31, Poultry, and 11, King Street, Tower Hill.

OUR OFFICIAL LOG.

KURRACHEE HARBOUR.

Depth of Water on the Bar.-Extract from a letter, dated 26th September, 1873, from the Master Attendant, Kurrachee, to the Commissioner in Sind :—I have the honour to report that the steamer Atalanta, 2,300 tons burthen, length from stem to stern 385 feet, drawing 23.3, left the harbour to-day with a full cargo (upwards of 3,000 tons) for Liverpool; there was 27 feet of water on the bar, being 2 feet less than there would be at high water spring tides. 2. The fact of so large a vessel as the Atalanta loading here to a draught of 23.3 and crossing the bar with such ease, not even finding it necessary to wait for spring tides, goes far to prove the very great improvement that has been made in the Channel over the bar, and also that vessels of the largest class can now load in this harbour, and enter or leave the port without danger or difficulty.

Time Ball.-Masters of ships are informed that the time will be given from the Master Attendant's Office, Manora, by means of a time ball, on Tuesdays and Fridays, at one o'clock p.m., precisely (Kurrachee mean time). At ten minutes before one, the ball will be raised half-mast high; at five minutes to one, it will be hoisted to the yard-arm, and at one o'clock mean time the ball will drop. In the event of any accident or error, No. 1 Marryatt's Code will be hoisted at the masthead, and will remain flying until the ball is again hoisted as before for giving out the time in a similar manner at two o'clock p.m., mean time. Longitude of Manora Point 66° 58′ 15′′ E., or 4h 27m 53s fast of Greenwich mean time. (Signed)—G. C. PARKER, Acting Master Attendant, Kurrachee, Master Attendant's Office, Manora, 3rd August, 1874.

Entrances and Clearances.-Memo. of the total number and tonnage of sailing vessels and steamers entered and cleared at the Port of Kurrachee during the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874:—1872-73 ; Entered-ships, 1,088; tons, 133,066. Cleared-ships, 983; tons, 131,098. 1871-72: Entered-ships, 1,021; tons, 129,507. Cleared ---ships, 990; tons, 627,020. 1873-74: Entered-ships, 913; tons, 161,284. Cleared-ships, 868; tons, 157,159. 1872-78: Entered ships, 1,038; tons, 133,066. Cleared-ships, 983; tons, 131,098.— (Signed)-GEORGE C. PARKER, Lieut. I.M., Acting Master Attendant. "Coromandel" (s.8.) at Kurrachee.-The master of this ship writes to the Master Attendant as follows:-"I received your note of yesterday with two copies of the new directions and a small chart of the entrance to Kurrachee, for which I am much obliged, and shall with much pleasure make as widely known as I can, the safety, convenience, and advant

ages of this fine port, which, I consider the best (that I have been at) in India, in either monsoon. The Coromandel is 1,979 gross tonnage, and drew 22 feet 9 inches water, when laden last November, and left when ready without detention or inconvenience. I have again loaded in July to 21 feet 6 inches in S.W. monsoon, and any day during my stay I have been able to take my cargo, water always perfectly smooth. I take this opportunity of thanking you for placing my ship at fixed moorings in such a good berth where I have been as quiet and safe as in a duck; also for the attention and precaution used during the late stormy weather by your officers, for the safety and convenience of shipping."

UNSEAWORTHY VESSELS.-INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS.

Appended hereto are copies of two letters from the Board of Trade on the subject of interference with ships (especially those of the small coasting class) on the grounds that they cannot proceed to sea without serious danger to human life. The attention of surveyors is specially directed to the principles set forth in these letters. It is not the desire of the Board of Trade to annoy or interfere with the vessels above referred to, where the conditions of safety mentioned in the accompanying letters are fulfilled. In such cases, reports (Form Surveys 81) leading to the detention of the ships, are not to be sent. Where these conditions are not complied with, the reports of unseaworthiness should be sent as heretofore. (Signed) T. H. FARRER, Secretary. (Signed) THOMAS GRAY, Assistant Secretary.—Board of Trade Circular, December 2, 1874.

Extracts specially referred to:

"The attention of the Board has been called to the injurious operation which the Acts would have if the same rules concerning seaworthiness were applied to small coasters which are applied to ships making long foreign voyages.

"They are aware that there are many small coasters which would not bear a strict survey, but which (being owned by comparatively poor men, and being habitually navigated by the owners themselves, or by seamen of the locality who are well acquainted with the vessels, with the voyage, and with the risks they run) do, under such circumstances, continue for years to carry on an exceedingly useful trade with little risk, or, at any rate, with far less risk than persons who look only to the condition of the vessels might be led to suppose. To put a stop to trade of this description would be to put an end to the employment and earnings of an industrious and useful class of men, to discourage the supply of seamen, and to deprive the carrying trade of the country of a valuable

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