Mozoomdar, Protap Chunder, 664. Munkacsy, Michael de, 661. Norris, Frank, 762. O'Brien, William J., 691. Olivier, Commandant, 534. Pasha, Ghazi Osman Nubar, 538. Pierson, Rev. Arthur T., 170. Remington. Frederic, 758. Richardson, James D., 11. Rives, George L., 651. Robertson, Rev. James, 549. Roberts, Field Marshal Lord, 2, 187, 189, 191, 192. Roberts, Lady, 192. Rostand, Edmond, 355. Ruskin, John, 258, 291, 294, 296, 300. Salisbury, Lady, 153. Salisbury, Lord, 149. Sankey, Ira D., 167. Sawyer, Philetus, 536. Schalk-Burger, General, 580. Schroeder, Commodore Seaton, 537. Schwab, Charles M., 443. Scofield, Rev. C. I., 170. Seton-Thompson, Ernest, 523. Shaw, Col. Albert D., 555. Steevens, George Warrington, 411. Strathcona, Lord, 534. Sulzer, William, 142. Taft, William H., 271. Taylor, Rev. J. Hudson, 407. Taylor, W. S., 275. Thwaites, Reuben G., 663. Torrey, Rev. R. A., 179. Towne, Charles A., 649. Traill, Henry D., 412. Tupper, Sir Charles, 594. Villebois-Mareuil, Count Georges de, 581. Walker, Rear Admiral John G., 133. Warren, Gen. Sir Charles, 19. Wauchope, Gen. Andrew G., 19. Webb-Peploe, Prebendary H. W., 171. Wessels, C. H., 658. Westminster, Duke of, 412. White, Gen. Sir George Stewart, 150. White, Montagu, 404. William II., Emperor, 180. Wise, Rabbi Isaac M., 540. Wolmarans, A. D. W., 401, 658. Wood, Maj.-Gen. Leonard, 8. Woodgate, Maj.-Gen. E. R. P., 282. Woodward, R. S., 545. Wright, Luke E., 393. Wyndham, George, 406. President's Right of Removal, 735. Preussische Jahrbücher reviewed, 375. Progress of the World, 3, 131, 259, 387, 515, 643. Proportional Representation in Belgium, 583. Punishment, Capital: Is it Justified?, 608. Quarterly Journal of Economics reviewed, 624. RACE Conference, Southern, at Montgomery, 655. Railroad as an Educator of the People, 214. Record of Current Events, 23, 153, 282, 409, 536, 662. Referendum Votings, Swiss, Race and Religion in, 485. Revista Contemporánea reviewed, 630. Revue des Paris reviewed, 111, 244, 629, 755. Revue des Deux Mondes reviewed, 110, 243, 372, 502, Rivista di Scienze Biologiche reviewed, 112. Rivista Italiana di Sociologia reviewed, 245. Rivista Politica e Letteraria reviewed, 112, 756. Roberts, Field Marshal Lord: A Character Sketch, 187. Roosevelt, Governor, Administration of, 268, 269. Rouillion, Louis. Summer Camps for Boys, 697. Ruskin, John: Poet, Painter, and Prophet, 289. Asia, Russian Railroad Policy in, 82. Japan and Russia in the Far East, 406, 721. Russia's Hay-Making Schemes, 266. SALVATION Army: The "Darkest England" Scheme, 217. San Francisco's Projects, Mayor Phelan and, 21. Scribner's Magazine reviewed, 100, 234, 362, 493, 617, 746. Severance, Mary Harriman. James J. Hill, a Builder Sewanee Review reviewed, 367. Shaw, Albert. "Learning by Doing" at Hampton, 417. Tiger Hunter, Woman as, 97. Time, Standard: How It is Obtained, 92. American Merchant Marine, 319. Prosperity and Railroad-Building, 139. Trade Alliance, New, in England, 216. Advance of Lord Roberts from Bloemfontein, 659. After the War-What?, 468. American Opinion on the War, 262, 467. Boer as a Campaigner, 79. Boer Envoys in the United States, 658. Boer Lines, Inside the. 612. Boers, Military Leaders of the, 573. Boer Strength and Weakness, 152. Botha, Louis, the Boer Commander, 578. British-Boer Negotiations of August, 1899, 341. Buller's Attempts to Reach Ladysmith, 150-152, 266. "Capitalist's War," 208. Chamberlain, Mr., and the War, 14. Civil War, South African Campaign Paralleled in Climate and Contour of South Africa, 471. Colenso, Buller's Disaster at, 15 Cronje, General, and His Capture, 397, 575. Gold, South African, Mining Expert on, 76. Japanese Press and the Boer War, 722. Joubert, General, Sketch of, 573. Kimberley, Relief of, 267. Krüger, Mrs., and Miss Rhodes, 725. Krüger, President Paul, 724. Ladysmith, Relief of, 397. Mafeking, Relief of, 659. Magersfontein, Lord Methuen's Defeat at, 18. Müller, Max, and Theodor Mommsen, on the Boer Numbers, Relative, of the Contending Forces, 260. Opinion of Mankind at Large, 17. Orange Free State, British "Reconstruction" in the Overtures for Peace on March 5, 401. Political Future of the Transvaal, 403. Pretoria, Forts at, 726. Problems of the Transvaal War, 334. Progress of the War, 14-19, 149-152, 266, 267, 397-399, Rhodes, Cecil, French View of, 603. Roberts Field Marshal Lord: A Character Sketch, Roberts, Lord, Appointed Commander-in-Chief, and Russian and German Opinions of England's Course, Signaling in South Africa, 471. South Africa, What Might have Been in, 469. Spion Kop, and Vaalkrantz, British Defeats at, 266. Strategy, Superior, of the Boers, 400. Treasury and the Money Market, 202. Treaties, Hay-Pauncefote and Clayton-Bulwer, Text of Treaty, Arbitration: What It Is and Is Not, 50. Treaty Text of the International Agreement for the Tropics, How Shall We Feed Our Soldiers in the, 728. American Steel and Wire Company Affairs, 652. Ice Trust in New York, 653. "Industrials," Erratic, 528. Monopolies, Professor Ely's Classification of, 599. Standard Oil Company, Profits of the, 529. Third Avenue Railroad, New York, Financial Break- Tunnel, Longest in the World, 348. Tunnels, Proposed, in Various Places, 138. Turkey, Demand of the United States Against, 657. UNDERGROUND Transit in New York and Elsewhere, United States: see also Alaska, Congressional Affairs, "Consent of the Governed," 219. Constitution and the Territories, 451. "Era of Good ling," Another, 7. Nicaragua Canal, The United States and the, 277-281. Open Door" in China, Assurance of the, 131. Political Horizon, 343. President's Right of Removal, 735. Senators, Let the People Elect Their, 143. Treasury Statement, 13. Treasury, A Full, 131. Turkey, Indemnity Demands on, 657. VAN BERGEN, R. Japan's New Era, 459. Victoria, Queen: What Kind of a Sovereign is she?, 736. THE AMERICAN MONTHLY REVIEW OF REVIEWS. EDITED BY ALBERT SHAW. CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1900. As to Leap Year and the Gregorian Calendar... Will Russia Drop the "Old-Style" Reckoning? The Century as a History-Making Influence... The Century-End and the Hague Conference.. Senators, Ratify and Smooth the Path of History! Functions of the Vice-President. Mr. Hobart's Public Influence.. Republican Plans for the Presidential Year.. With illustrations. The House Bill Passed on December 18. 13 The House Committees.. 13 Leading Articles of the Month- The Treasury Statement. 13 Lord Methuen's Defeat at Magersfontein.. 18 European Matters... Boston's Progress.. New York's Problems. Philadelphia's Water. Chicago's Drainage Canal.. With portraits of William McKinley, the late Garret A. Hobart, William P. Frye, Chauncey M. Depew, Leonard Wood, David B. Henderson, J. D. Richard- son, Jesse Overstreet, General Joubert, General Gatacre, General Lord Methuen, the late General Wauchope, Sir Charles Warren, Lord Kitchener, Thomas N. Hart, and James D. Phelan, map to show THE AMERICAN MONTHLY VOL. XXI. The Last Review of Reviews. NEW YORK, JANUARY, 1900. THE PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. Only twelve months remain in which Year of the to set in order all the things that Century. belong to the expiring century, to the end of giving it a decent dismissal and to save the coming century from the handicap of an unfairly large burden of arrearage. There has been a rather curious misapprehension in the minds of many people as to the proper location of the year upon which we are just entering ; and even in print there has been a good deal of allusion to the year now ended as the closing one of the nineteenth century. A half minute's clear thinking is enough to remove all confusion. With December 31 we complete the year 1899— that is to say, we round out 99 of the 100 years that are necessary to complete a full century. We must give the nineteenth century the 365 days that belong to its hundredth and final year before we begin the year 1 of the twentieth century. For some reason the mathematical faculty usually works far more keenly in monetary affairs than elsewhere; and none of the people who have proposed to allow ninety-nine years to go for a century would suppose that a nineteenhundred-dollar debt had been fully met by a tender of $1,899. There would remain due just one hundred cents. As to Leap It is to be borne in mind that the year Year and the 1900 is not a leap year, although di Gregorian Calendar. visible by four. Under the Grego rian calendar the year consists approximately of 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, and 12 seconds. The accumulated surplus over and above the 365 days amounts, in the course of a century, to very nearly 244 days. To indulge in a leap year every four years would require enough remnants of time stuff to make up 25 days for every cen tury. The arrangement in practical use allows 24 leap years each for three consecutive centuries, and then gives the fourth century 25 such days. Thus, though it is not likely to concern many of us in an immediate, practical way, it may be remarked No. 1. that the twentieth century will be one day longer than the nineteenth, since it is arranged that the twenty-fifth leap year which is assigned to every fourth century shall be brought into the calendar of the year that is divisible by 400. The failure to sacrifice three quadrennial leap years-that is to say, three extra days in every four centuries has led to the discrepancy between what is known as the Julian, or old-style calendar, and the Gregorian. Will The old-style calendar simply reckons Russia Drop the "Old-Style" the year as consisting of 365 days, Reckoning? and takes care of the fractions by giving 366 days to every fourth year. The Rus sians, for civil and ecclesiastical purposes, have maintained the old style, without any readjustment, since the time of the Council of Nice, about the year 325, with the consequence that the discrepancy has grown to some twelve days. It is interesting to note the report that the Russians are about to abandon the old style and simply adopt the Gregorian calendar as in current use among all other leading nations. To do this now in the days of newspapers, telegraphs, and international communication will be a comparatively simple and easy matter, just as it has been found perfectly easy for American localities to cease regu lating their clocks by the sun dial and to adopt "railroad time." Intercourse with the outside world has made it necessary for Russia to keep a double reckoning, and it is simpler as well as more accurate to drop the Julian system altogether and to observe the Gregorian. The There is no reason apart from custom Century as a why any especial significance should History-Making Influence. be attached to the arbitrary measure of time that we call a century. It merely happens that we reckon decimally rather than duodeci. mally, and thus measure off ten tens rather than twelve twelves. The alternation of the seasons gives a natural meaning to the year, whereas a |