adrift amid icebergs to perish on the bay that bears his name. It was a favorite method of insubordinate crews and steelhearted ship captains to clear decks and start afresh their course of murder and pillage. This was less gruesome and mussy than the land custom of chopping off heads.

HENRY HUDSON

Born about 1566. Died 1611.

There we moored our vessel safely from the swirling autumn tides
And the red men in their shallops came and stroked her salty sides;
As they marveled at her hugeness, of our friendship grew they fain
And they brought us pipes of copper, mellow grapes, and yellow grain.
When I questioned them for tidings of our much-desired goal,

Though their savage tongue I knew not, yet they beckoned toward the Pole,
So we heaved the Half-Moon's anchor, and we got her under way,

And we shaped our voyage Northward for the harbors of Cathay.

-Guiterman's "Hudson's Third Voyage."

In the spring of 1614, Adrian Block entered New Netherland in his ship Tiger, while Captain Christiansen in 1613 went up to near the junction of the Mohawk in the Glad Tidings. The Onrust or Restless rumored, but not proved, to have been built on Manhattan, in spite of the bronze tablet fronting 39 and 41 Broadway, was the first vessel constructed on our shores, taking the place of the burned Tiger. It was the forerunner of Governor Winthrop's Blessing of the Bay, launched in 1631, on what was to be the nation's birthday, July 4. Adrian Block made initial discoveries of Woesten Hoek (Housatonic) Red or Rood (later Rhode) Island, and other landmarks.

Cape Cod he called Cape Bevechier, Crane Bay stood for Plymouth,

and Vos Haven for Boston Harbor. Block thus futilely christened with original names a coast land later to be renamed in true English fashion, followed all over the world, in spite of the strenuous intervention of half of Europe.

Both New Netherland and New England received their names about the same date, the latter crowned with perma

nence.

"At the turn of the gray and the green

Where the new road runs to the right

For the summer people's ease

And on to the scarlet light

Shapen of stone and of chance,

Carven of wind and of time,
Stands the woman of Eastern Point,
Haunting my heart and my rhyme.

Wind-blown and grief-worn and brave,
Gazing the sad sea o'er,

Dumb in her life and her death,

Spirit of Gloucester shore."

PHELPS-WARD.

According to the records, Gosnold and Brereton, the former of whom died of fever at Jamestown, Va., were the first Englishmen to reach the shore of Massachusetts in 1602, as nearly as historians can locate the act. They entered Gloucester's reef-protected harbor-first called Cape Tragabigzanda, in 1608, by Captain John Smith, for his Turkish flame. Gosnold and Brereton built at Cuttyhunk on Gosnold's Hope a fort on that curious little island situated in a fresh water lake within a few yards of the salt sea. Cuttyhunk is one of the Elizabeth Islands, fifteen miles at sea from New Bedford.

Smith, who always gave a name to everything in sight, christened the islands edging Gloucester fishing port, "The Three Turk Heads," in gleeful memory of the three Turkish joust champions in Mesopotamia, whom he challenged in rotation and decapitated in an hour-according to his own story. These three islands are known today as "Straitsmouth." "Thatcher"-where Parson Avery sang his swan song-and "Milk Island," lying close to the Rockport shore. In the offing, one notes a Cape Ann schooner sailing away to the Newfoundland fishing banks-overtopped in striking silhouette by Mother Ann's forceful, rocky chin. This type of vessel was first built and christened by a Cape Annite, who, at a launching shouted, "How she scoons!" This word, well-known to the Pilgrims in Holland, means "how fast." Thereupon the owner, Andrew Robinson, said, "A schooner she shall be." This name today echoes round the world, while its running mate, the famous clipper ship, which made continents talk for a century or more, is but a memory."

Clipper ships occasionally experienced startling voyages. It is of record that two of these racers of the sea left New York within an hour of each other and sailed around Cape Horn-over sixteen thousand miles of water-to San

* Statistics state there are more sailing vessels on the ocean today than at any previous time in history, in spite of steam's inroads.

"Wild are the waves which lash the reefs along St. George's bank, Cold on the shores of Labrador the fog lies white and dank,

Through storm and wave and blinding mist, stout are the hearts that man The fishing smacks of Marblehead, the sea boats of Cape Ann.

The cold north light and wintry sun glare on their icy forms,

Bent grimly o'er their straining lines and wrestling with the storms."