body that he was rash enough to contemplate | be hoped from the 17th of August, if only an insulated interference with the mighty the heat can be endured till that day. If organization of English society. The truth any one mentions, what we believe is is, that no one who lives in a society adapted true, that it has been very wet over the to the needs of the tropics has the feast Atlantic, while the land has been so dried idea of the discomforts of tropical heat in up with heat; that the Shetlands have been a society modelled on quite other ideas. deluged, while even North Britain has been Fancy telling your servants that for the next parched, that it has rained hard in Italy, two months they must be up at half-past while it has been so sultry in England, listhree or four o'clock at latest, and may go teners will ask angrily what hope there is in to bed again at nine, and insisting on the that, and yet privately take comfort. But baker and the milkman adapting themselves all this catching at straws really aggravates to these new regulations! Why, you might the mischief, and makes us infinitely more just as well request them all to leave off feverish and hotter. There is almost as their clothes as leave off their habits! Their much anxiety in the eyes of the dogs and only idea of adapting themselves to the other dumb animals - cats excepted, which heat is unlimited beer, which adds more to don't object to any heat, as there is in the internal heat than any other cause. It men. But the dumb creatures do not agis a great wonder, and a sign perhaps of gravate the evil, like rash men, by attemptslightly increased pliancy in the English na- ing insulated revolutions in habits of life ture, that so many men carry about umbrel- which it is obvious they have not the power las to screen them from the sun, -a sight to carry out, or by catching at vain sources which ten years ago was never seen in Eng- of hope. land even in the most scorching summers. But as to altering vitally the whole context of society in the way needful to utilize the cool morning hours, and for a month or two only, we are as yet very remote indeed from any such social elasticity as that.

On the whole, the remedies practicable in England against the heat seem to reduce themselves to a few; first of all, submission, and not conflict; then abstinence from heat-producing food, butter, fat, sugar, malt, and the like, abstinence from the But besides the curiously spasmodic fail- temporary delights of cold shower baths, ures which are made in the attempt to adapt which are apt to produce tremendous reacourselves by temporary expedients to a cli- tion, and to fever the skin in the end more mate which we only experience about twice than they have cooled it, except, of course, in twenty or thirty years, there are other the regular morning shower bath, which is curious moral interests belonging to the invaluable to strengthen you for the fatigue present dispensation, the most curious be- of the day; a slightly reduced diet, plenty ing, perhaps, the moral straws at which fe- of tea as hot as you can drink it, as much verish people catch in their desire for cool-air as can be got, — air even with sun, rather ness, and the indignation with which a man than shadow without it; and for those who catches at one straw himself, treats the who can afford luxuries, frequent change favourite straw of another. If one man of clothes in the day-time, and, best of all, ventures (very wildly) to hope for a change a reserve bed at night, with cool linen sheets, from the approaching total eclipse of the in which refuge may be taken when the first sun, for instance (which is not visible, by bed has become hot and crumpled with tossthe way, in England, though that has no ing; and he who cannot afford this might more to do with the matter than the eclipse at least change his night shirt for a cool, itself, and nevertheless, if known, might fresh one, air well his bed, without too have had something to do with the imagina- much energy of mind or body, and then lie tion of the conjecturer), his hearers will down again; but, above all, no voluntary look ferociously at him as if he were raising restlessness, no roaming about the house in false hopes gratuitously, and one of them, the midnight hours in moody despair; no perhaps, after remarking viciously that that pleading your miserable destiny to the shinis above three weeks off yet, will proceed ing and careless stars, or to the airless, sulto inquire how the accident of the moon's try night. If bathe you must, warm water. passing so exactly between the sun and the not cold, is the most likely to soothe and earth as to extinguish its light from a small produce rest, warm water to the feet espepart of the earth for an hour or so, is to cially being a great alleviation of fever and have more effect than any ordinary night, sleeplessness. But the most fatal thing of when the body of the earth itself extin- all in the present weather is the revolutionguishes the sun's light on half its surface ary temper, the attempt (which must fail) for many hours. And yet all the while there to wrestle with the arrangements of society, will be a faint notion that something is to and effect a revolution in favour of Oriental

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modes of life. Quietism is the mood of an action, not a thought. Endeavour incesmind most favourable to a moderate temper- santly, with all the strength that is in you, to ature of body. Acquiesce in everything, ascertain what-there where you are- there even, if it be possible, in clothes. Surren- as you are- -you can do in this world; and der your will, forget your temper, avoid upon that bend your whole faculties; regarding every sort of friction, material and moral; all reveries, feelings, singular thoughts, moods, murmur not at any mischance; and slide &c., as worth nothing whatever, except as they through your duties, if you can, till the au- Your thoughts, moods, &c., will thus in part bear on that, and will help you towards that. tumnal evenings and mornings strike cool again. The elections are not till November. sessions for you; in part fall away as illegiti legitimate themselves, and become fruitful posThere is a time for energy and a time for mate, and die out of the way, and your goal will patience; this is the time for patience, become clearer to you every step you couragewhich is the coolest of the virtues, the ously advance towards it. No man ever underraspberry vinegar of the mind. Change any stood this universe; each man may understand unendurable situation silently and peace- what good and manful work it lies with him to ably, without chafing, as you would get accomplish there. from your hot bed into your cool bed at night, if you could. So only, and not by moral fevers of revolution, may we live it out, till the time of tyranny be overpast.

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From The Spectator.

MATTHEW ARNOLD vs. THOMAS CARLYLE. MR. MATTHEW ARNOLD has been preaching from month to month in the Cornhill on the importance of developing the intellect in full proportion to the will, and of resisting Hebraizing" tendency which makes true thought of no account in comparison with earnest action; and as if on purpose to afford him a fresh text, an old letter of Mr. Carlyle's has just been published which would have furnished this great prophet of modern Hellenism with a remarkable theme for his discourse. Indeed, we can have no doubt that Mr. Arnold would have availed himself eagerly of the following characteristic little epistle, had it passed beneath his eye while he was preparing the papers on Hebraism and Hellenism for the Cornhill. It seems that a Scotchman by the name of Rodger, who made an appearance not very creditable the other day in the Court of Justiciary (at Dalkeith?), wrote to Mr. Carlyle in 1850, in a desponding spirit, to which letter Mr. Carlyle made the following reply:

"CHELSEA, November 17th, 1850.

'Cheer up, there's gear to win you never saw!'

So says the old song; and I can say no more to
you. Yours, with many good wishes,
"T. CARLYLE."

The Dalkeith Herald remarks upon this letter, not, as we think, with any great appositeness, that "it would have been well if Mr. Rodger had laid to heart the stern practical wisdom of which it is so remarkable a specimen." Now, why the sort of crime laid to Mr. Rodger's charge (the Liverpool paper from which we make this extract calls him, we know not on what evidence, "Rodger the forger,") should be supposed to have sprung out of any failure to "understand always that the end of man is an action, not a thought," it is not very easy to see. Mr. Rodger appears to have been brought before the Justiciary Court for an action, not for a thought, and we think Mr. Arnold might probably assert, with a little more plausibility than attaches to the remark of the Dalkeith Herald, that it is more likely that he went astray as he is said to have done not from having insufficiently striven to precipitate himself into action, but from his having insufficiently mastered for himself the intellectual preliminaries of action; from not having brought a sufficiently "free play of consciousness to bear upon the object of pursuit," in short, from the undue subordination of thinking to doing." And indeed, it is quite conceivable that Mr. Carlyle's earnest admonition to Mr. Rodger to "endeavour incessantly with all the strength that was in him to ascertain what he could do in this world, and

"Apparently you are a young man, of unusual, perhaps of extreme sensibility, and placed at present in the unfortunate position of having nothing to do. Vague reverie, chaotic meditations, the fruitless effort to sound the unfathom- upon that bend his whole faculties," may able, is the natural result for you. Such a form have precipitated him with undue intensity of character indicates the probability of superior capabilities to work in this world; but is also, unless guided towards work, the inevitable prophecy of much suffering, disappointment, and failure in your course of life.

"Understand always that the end of man is

upon a line of action quite unsuitable for him, whence arose, not, indeed, his infractions of moral law, but undue temptations to break the moral law which he might not otherwise have incurred. Mr. Arnold will certainly think that the great Hebraiz

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ing prophet of our day, -in Mr. Arnold's | we must act rightly before we can see sense of the term 'Hebraizing "—the clearly, and those who tell us that we must prophet who more than any other has ridi- see clearly before we can act rightly? We culed the attempt to see things as they really can neither agree with Mr. Carlyle that “an are, who has made laborious earnestness of action, not a thought, is the end of man," conduct the whole law and the gospel, nor with Mr. Matthew Arnold that the chief may have overdriven many consciences into weakness of the English nation is rushing lines of action for which they were ill adapt-into action before it is prepared for action, ed. He may very well believe that had they by submitting its habits and notions to a been encouraged instead to let "conscious-free play of consciousness." It seems to ness play freely round the stock notion or us that neither the Hebraizer nor the Helhabit" by which their proposed career was lenizer is likely to lead us right, while they moulded, their consciences might have been go on with their endless balancings of the delivered from snares to which they have value of action against thought and of actually succumbed. Whether Mr. Rodger thought against action. No man is really be, indeed, a victim of the Carlylian dogma competent to weigh the different parts of or not, Mr. Arnold may fairly maintain that his nature, to determine, as Mr. Arnold it was not through too wide an intellectual seems to propose, which is the least develsurvey that he embarked on the policy which oped and wants development most, and landed him in the Court of Justiciary, and then set to work to exercise the least enerexposed him to the stern rebukes of the Dal-getic, and restrain the most energetic part, keith Herald. Whether the gospel of Hel-as you would exercise a muscle that was delenism, the invitation to think more and act less, to beware of action till the mind is ripe for it, be a remedy or not for most men, there can be no doubt that, to most persons, headlong actions that is, actions which go before thought, -ensure suffering. Mr. Arnold's old college friend, Mr. Clough, has warned us against a doctrine which is perhaps the only one preached in common by Dr. Newman and Mr. Carlyle, the doctrine that the will must on all great matters anticipate the intellect, that the intellect grows lucid in the track of right action,sible, true harmony of nature being, like instead of action growing noble in the track of wise thought. Mr. Clough says, in his spirited hexameters :

ficient, and leave a mighty biceps idle for a time till it was in some proportion to the rest of the muscular system. The vice of this idea is that the moment you appeal to the æsthetic sense, as Mr. Arnold seems to us to do, to regulate the whole character, you bring to the front that paralyzing selfconsciousness which cannot but give a ser timental and histrionic turn to the whole attitude of the mind. Once let a man make self-culture his main object, and, for him, culture of the highest kind becomes impos

true modesty, an unconscious beauty, and not a conscious and deliberate result of delicate and difficult balancing operations carried on within the mind. We suspect that

"I do not like being moved, for the will is ex- the true Hebraizing teaching is higher than, cited; and action

Is a most dangerous thing; I tremble for some-Hellenism and what he calls Hebraism, and and includes, both what Mr. Arnold calls thing factitious,

Some malpractice of heart and illegitimate process;

We are so prone to these things with our terrible notions of duty."

does not compel recourse to these internal weights and measures which Mr. Arnold handles so skilfully, but also, as it seems to us, with such insignificant moral results. The true doctrine- the Christian doctrine

There spoke the mind in revolt against seems to us to be that while all knowlthe great doctrine of Dr. Newman and Mr. edge is good for its own sake, the knowledge Carlyle, that action is greater than thought, which grows out of right action is of a more that thought should be moulded by action. vital kind, and of a greater breadth and And Mr. Arnold in these airy ethical papers depth, than the knowledge preceding such in the Cornhill is following Mr. Clough's action which is mainly speculative and inlead, trying to hold back the eager, precipi-tellectual; that it leads us deeper into the tate English nation from so much action, life of God, and gives us a glimpse of the till it has a clearer insight into what it springs of Creation which we cannot gain would be well to aim at, to make it count from the mere contemplation of anything. the cost more patiently first, and not court If any man will do His will, he shall the contest till it understands clearly what know of the doctrine whether it be of God, the issue is. or whether I speak of myself," is surely neither Hebraistic nor Hellenistic teaching, but the perfect combination of the two. It

Now, how shall we decide between these opposite teachers, those who tell us that

It

more to clear the cloudy British brain, than paniment of her station. Then if she wants the "free play of consciousness," even when to trick it out she has not the piquant wielded by a Matthew Arnold. On the trouble of hunting for bits of ribbon, of whole, while agreeing heartily with Mr. gauze, or of tinsel. Then again her doll is Arnold that we need a wider and fuller ap- horribly mechanical, and allows but small preciation of intellectual knowledge, we be- room for fancy. It may squeak and open lieve also that he has quite failed fairly to and shut its eyes, thereby preventing its estimate the peculiar and infinitely deeper proprietress from doing the conversation spell of the sort of knowledge which springs herself. But the meagre, starved present from right action, however narrow. The which the workman brings to his cottage knowledge which grows out of action is a or lodgings is differently cherished. sort of knowledge with deeper roots and has twice as fine a life. Its 'mistress never infinitely more various suckers than the ceases prattling to it, will search and ranknowledge which grows out of "a free play sack every corner for the dingy shreds of of consciousness," and Mr. Arnold does cotton that are to render the effigy magnifinot seem to us to catch its significance or cent in her eyes. Then it is not subject to the cause of it. If Mr. Carlyle makes an the whims which fine ladies take to their idol of action apart from knowledge, Mr. favourite even in their tenderest years. It Arnold makes an idol of knowledge apart is petted with a constant affection until from action; and both seem to us to miss grime or accident obliterates its features, the vital relation between the two. and in the end it is seldom subjected to a toasting at the bars of a grate an experiment which has been known to tell unfavourably on the countenance of a wax figure. Poor children must indeed have a good deal of imagination to enjoy the queer things constructed for a penny or twopence to please them.

From The London Review.
PATHETIC TOYS.

THERE are few sights more capable of bringing out a sentimental gush of thought than a glance into a shop in which toys are sold for the very poor. These establishments are to be found in low neighbourhoods, and generally do not confine their commercial operations to a single branch of business. You see in the window, next the wooden dolls, green bottles of sweet stuff, boxes of matches, candles, twine, and often a small pile of apples or some other cheap fruit; inside will be found those tales and songs written for what Mr. Trollope has termed the unknown public, along with whistles, jews'-harps, and a few masks of a hideous kind, which are supposed to be especially attractive to the youthful mind.

To children toys are as necessary as fresh air and exercise. The little creatures when learning to talk appear to have a certain consciousness that grown-up people either laugh at them, or do not understand them; with a toy, however, they can be at once familiar and at home. Jack-in-the-box is always ready to play with them, a doll never refuses her company, will submit to any amount of kissing, beating, or dressing, and, as long as the wax, cotton and bran keep together, will amuse her owner and remain faithful.

We have referred to Jack-in-the-box. Jack can be bought at a very low price or a very high one, but the poor child gets better value out of him for the money than any toy we know of, except the doll. The entertainment he furnishes both at St. Giles's and St. James's is identical. He lives, as all the world knows, in a constant state of compression, from which he is released by opening a wire hasp. He always surprises you; that is his fun, and the one joke for which he has been made. His ferocity to a little boy is something awfully delicious. He has him securely fastened down, and that gives him a certain sense of power. It is a long time before he disbelieves in Jack's whiskers and the energy of that spring of his. We have heard that the first doubts on the subject arise when a boy begins to think of Jack's legs, Jack possessing a quaint organization in that respect. However, this toy is as democratic as the jewellery imported by Mr. Cole from the Paris Exhibition- indeed, of the two, we should prefer the cheap Jack; he is generally of fiercer aspect than his more aristocratic prototype, and the steel in him is stronger and stiffer. This may arise from some law of compensation not yet quite de

But it is curious to note the difference between a poor and a rich child in the treat-veloped. ment and management of dolls. To the Another favourite toy which is found in child lady the doll is a familiar presence. low as well as in high places is Noah's Ark. It has not the charm of novelty or unex- It would be interesting to learn who first pectedness; she regards it as an accom- invented this. We suspect it must have