Introductory Essay to The Flora of New Zealand1853 - 39 páginas |
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Introductory Essay to the Flora of New Zealand Joseph Dalton Hooker,James M Dunlop Sin vista previa disponible - 2018 |
Introductory Essay to the Flora of New Zealand (Classic Reprint) Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker Sin vista previa disponible - 2017 |
Términos y frases comunes
affinity Alseuosmia amongst animals Antarctic Flora Antarctic islands appear Arctic Astelia Australia Australia and Tasmania Bay of Islands botanical botanists Calceolaria Carpha Carpodetus Celmisia climate collections considered contain Coprosma countries Dacrydium difficulty Discaria dispersion Donatia Dracophyllum Drapetes Drimys endemic endemic genera Epilobium Euphrasia extent fact Fagus favour Ferns flowering plants forms Forst Forstera Gaimardia Gaultheria genera genera and species genus geographical distribution globe Gunnera hemisphere herbarium Hook hybrids Hymenanthera important individuals inhabit land latitude latter Leptinella Magellanica migration mountains Natural Orders naturalist Norfolk Island northern Nova-Zelandia number of species observations ocean Oreobolus Oreomyrrhis organs origin Ourisia Pacific Islands Panax peculiar Phænogamic Phyllocladus plants common Ranunculus regard remarkable seeds South America south temperate southern specific characters speculation supposed systematist Tasmania transport upwards variable variation of species varieties vary vegetable kingdom Veronica views voyage widely diffused widely distributed Zealand Flora Zealand genera Zealand plants Zealand species
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Página xv - Hybridization has been supposed by many to be an important element in confusing and making species. Nature, however, seems effectually to have guarded against its extensive operation and its effects in a natural state, and as a general rule the genera most easily hybridized in gardens are not those in which the species present the greatest difficulties.
Página xxi - J, for the facts that could alone have given countenance to such an hypothesis; the one showing that the necessary time and elevations and depressions of land * Thus of the Composite, common to Lord Auckland's Group, Fuegia, and Kerguelen's Land, none have any pappus (or seed-down) at all ! Of the many species with pappus, uone are common to two of these islands...
Página xxi - Journal of a Naturalist,' and ' Essays on Volcanic Islands and Coral Islands.' The proofs of the coasts of Chili and Patagonia having been raised continuously, for several hundred miles, to elevations varying between 400 and...
Página xxi - Hooker says (p. xxi.) that he was led to speculate on the possibility of the plants of the Southern Ocean being the remains of a Flora that had once spread over a larger and more continuous tract of land than now exists in the...
Página xxxi - Monocotyledones, admit of no explanation, consistent with migration over water having introduced more than a very few of the plants common to these tracts of land. Considering that Eucalypti form the most prevalent forest feature over the greater part of South and East Australia, rivalled by the...
Página xxiii - It may be well to state to the New Zealand student, that there are no reasons to suppose that Botany can ever be expected to give that direct proof of plants having survived geological changes of climate, sea, and land, which animals do ; the cause is evident, for the bones of quadrupeds, shells of...
Página xi - The specific characters of many reside in the diameter, form, color, and arrangement of their most minute organs, whose analysis demands a refinement of microscopic skill ; yet the most accomplished and profound botanist in this Natural Order (who has favored me with the descriptions of the New Zealand Fungi) fails to find the most trifling character by which to separate many New .Zealand species from European. 8. The fact, now universally conceded by all intelligent horticulturists, that no plant...
Página xxii - J, and they receive addiiinportant observations on his own islands. The fact of this accomplished Naturalist and Geologist having preceded me in the investigation of the Natural History of the Southern Ocean, has materially influenced and greatly furthered my progress; and I feel it the more necessary to mention this here, because Mr. Darwin not only directed my earliest studies in the subjects of the distribution and variation of species, but has discussed wilh me...
Página xix - The idea of transportation by aerial or oceanic currents cannot be entertained, as the seeds of neither could stand exposure to the salt water, and they are too heavy to be borne in the air.
Página xxv - ... an Antarctic vegetation. With regard to the South American Alps, there is direct land communication along the Andes from Arctic to Antarctic regions ; by which not only may the strictly Arctic genera and species have migrated to Cape Horn, but by which many Antarctic ones may have advanced northward to the equator*. There is still another point in connection with the subject of the relative antiquity of plants, and in adducing it I must again refer to the