a summary of the history of the principal Colonies which have been founded in India and America.

The rise, progress, and present state of the Papacy as a political system, has been, it is trusted, satisfactorily developed, including histories of the Inquisition and of the Order of Jesuits. The history of China has been brought down to the present day, and in like manner a sketch is given of the fortunes of the Jews since their dispersion by Adrian.

In this the eighth edition the later Chapters have been rewritten, so as to bring down the History to the present time. The Chronological Tables first introduced into the fifth edition have been retained. On the other hand, that the volume might not become inconveniently bulky, it was thought desirable to make some retrenchments of the less essential matter in the earlier chapters, and in those on the Papal power, the Inquisition, and the Colonies.

III. The Establishment of the Civil Law
IV. History of the Silk Trade. Introduction of the Silk-Worm

into Europe

PAGE

1

3

9

11

V. The Monarchy of the Franks, under the Merovingian Dynasty 16 VI. The Lombard Monarchy

VII. The Anglo-Saxons

20

CHAPTER II.

THE RISE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SARACENIC POWER.

SECT. I. Political and Social Condition of the East at the coming of

Mohammed

II. State of Arabia at the coming of Mohammed.

III. The Preaching of Mohammed

IV. Early Progress of the Saracens.

CHAPTER III.

RESTORATION OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE.

SECT. I. The Life of Charlemagne.

II. Decline and Fall of the Carlovingian Dynasty

III. The Foundation of the Germanic Empire

IV. State of the East from the Establishment to the Overthrow
of the Khaliphate

.

CHAPTER IV.

GROWTH OF THE PAPAL POWER.

SECT. I. The Origin of the Papacy

64

11. The Early Development of the Political System of the Papacy 68 III. The Struggle for Supremacy between the Popes and Emperors 72

XIII. Pontificate of Boniface VIII.

XIV. State of England and the Northern Kingdoms at the com-
mencement of the Fourteenth Century

XV. Revolutions in the East in consequence of the Mongolian
Invasion

XII. State of Western Europe at the commencement of the Four-
teenth Century

120

125

133

136

CHAPTER V.

THE REVIVAL OF LITERATURE. THE PROGRESS OF CIVILISATION AND

INVENTION.

SECT. I. Decline of the Papal Power. The Great Schism of the West 140 II. First Revival of Literature, and Inventions in Science

III. Progress of Commerce

IV. Revolutions of Germany, France, and Spain

V. The State of England and the Northern Kingdoms in the
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

VI. Rise and Progress of the Ottoman Empire

160

164

175

180

184

CHAPTER VI.

THE REFORMATION, AND COMMENCEMENT OF THE STATES-SYSTEM

III. History of the Negotiations and Wars respecting Italy

IV. The History of Burgundy under the Princes of the House of

Valois

V. The History of Burgundy (continued)

VI. The History of Burgundy (concluded)

VII. The Age of Charles V.

227

VIII. The Age of Elizabeth

IX. The Age of Gustavus Adolphus

256

X. Administration of the Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarine

261

XI. Formation of the States-system in the Northern Kingdoms of

phalia

CHAPTER VII.

THE AUGUSTAN AGES OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE.

SECT. I. State of the Continental Kingdoms after the Peace of West

II. History of England under the Commonwealth

PAGE

295

299

IlI. History of England from the Restoration to the Revolution; and rise of the power of Louis XIV.

309

IV. General History of Europe, from the League of Augsburg to the formation of the Grand Alliance

325

V. The War of the Spanish Succession

331

VI. Peter the Great of Russia. Charles XII. of Sweden

341

CHAPTER VIII.

GROWTH OF THE MERCANTILE COLONIAL SYSTEM.

SECT I. Establishment of the Hanoverian Succession in England
II. The Colonial Struggle between France and Great Britain
III. The Seven Years' War

SECT. I. Change in the Relations cf the Catholic Powers to the Holy
See. Dismemberment of Poland

.

II. History of England from the Peace of Paris to the commence-
ment of the American War

IV. History of Europe from the end of the American War to the commencement of the French Revolution

V. The French Revolution

CHAPTER X.

THE FRENCH EMPIRE.

SECT. I. Renewal of the War between England and France

V. History of Europe from the dethronement of Napoleon to the
conclusion of the Treaty of Vienna.

CHAPTER XI.

HISTORY OF THE PEACE.

SECT. I. State of Europe at the close of the War

II. History of Europe during the reign of George IV. III. History of Europe during the reign of William IV.

417

421

426

438

443

448

451 460

CHAPTER XII.

HISTORY OF COLONISATION.

SECT. I. The Establishment of the Spaniards in Mexico
II. The Establishment of the Spaniards in Peru
III. Portuguese Colonies in South America

IV. The English in America

V. Colonisation of the West Indies VI. The Portuguese in India.

VII. The Spaniards in the East Indies VIII. The Dutch in the East Indies. IX. The Danes in the East Indies

X. The English and French in India XI. The English in Australasia .