cede birth, and which are also patent to all those who know the cruelties of Egyptian home life:

"There is no danger to the infant at the time of birth. It arrives all right, inheriting its parents' healthy constitution. It thrives quite well as long as it is on the breast milk. Illness sets in when other nutriment is given, or at the weaning stage. Then anything to appease the wailings of the hungry infant, in order that the lazy and ignorant mother may get off duty and sleep-sugar cane, cucumber, anything indeed that is handy and quiets the child for the moment. Stomach derangement naturally ensues, followed speedily by diarrhoea, developing often into dysentery. Of nursing, the Arab woman knows nothing. The sufferer is allowed to wallow on a damp mud floor, with no sign of flannel to protect the abdomen from chill. When the mother's milk fails, cow or rather buffalo milk, which is much too strong, is substituted, given out of unclean vessels, often sour, and filthy from germs. Under these conditions disease is rapid and death quickly follows. Thousands of healthily born children are sacrificed to the ignorance and laziness of the Arab mother."

The statistics given concerning infant mortality in other lands are equally indicative of the fatal environment which the Moslem child enters at birth. In Palestine it is a common thing for a

man to say he has had twenty-four children, of whom only three or four are living. A writer, speaking of infant mortality in Marsovan, says: "The children die like flies. The weaklings all perish; only the hardy have a chance to survive." A physician from Persia writes: "There are more childhood diseases here than in any place of which I know. It is estimated that the mortality is eighty-five per cent. Another estimate states that only one child out of ten reaches the age of twenty, though this may be rather an extreme opinion." The mortality of children is specially large in the great cities of the Moslem world, Cairo, Constantinople, Bombay, Calcutta, and others. In Indian cities the death rate among Moslem children is higher than among other classes. The Health Officer of Calcutta in a recent report says:

"Attention has already been drawn to the heavy incidence of tuberculosis among females. As the females, particularly in an Oriental city, where a large portion of them are purdahnashin, are more constantly subjected to the influence of their environment, the heavy incidence of tubercle among those residing in insanitary and congested areas indicates very clearly the powerful influence of these conditions on the prevalence of tuberculosis. Reference has already been made to the fact that the zenana, or female apartments, are

usually shut in and hidden away at the back of the house, and hence are particularly ill ventilated. Muhammadans suffered more severely than Hindus during 1912, the difference being most marked among the females, owing to the stricter observance of the purdah system among the poorer classes. Of every thousand children born among Muhammadans 306 die, among Hindus 248, and only 138 among non-Asiatics. One in ten of the infants born die in their first week, and these deaths are largely due to preventable causes, debility and prematurity, owing to early marriage, and tetanus owing to neglect or improper methods of treatment. In other words, thirty-three per cent of the deaths among infants under one month are preventable. Such a state of affairs ought not to be tolerated in any civilized community.

"As their entrance into the world is celebrated by eating good things," Miss Henrietta Manasseh of Brumana, Syria, writes, "so food forms a very large part of the indulgence afforded to children as they grow up. All sorts of indigestible things are given to babies. To strong children this seems to do no special harm, but with the delicate there are often disastrous results, attributed naturally to evil spirits. Many a model mother would shudder at the sight of a child of two years munching a raw cucumber or