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"General Buell tells me that Murat Halsted says Hancock's nomination by Confederate Brigadiers sets the old Rebel yell to the music of the Union. How is that for the key-note of the campaign? It will be solemn music for the Republicans to face."

General Joseph E. Johnson telegraphs the
Confederate joy.

"The Democratic party is the party of peace and of

union, that would blot out all sectional difference for ever, and it has proved this in the nomination of General Hancock at Cincinnati. There was but one feel ing among the Southern delegates. That feeling was expressed, when we said to our Northern Democratic brethren Give us an available man.' They gave us that man.”

Further internal evidence showing that Hancock was the Confederate Brigadiers' candidate - Wade Hampton's pledge to the Convention of the "Solid South"His cool reference to the results of bulldozing, &c.,

In the convention itself Wade Hampton being loudly called for, in response came up to the platform on his crutches and said:

"Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention: On behalf of the 'Solid South,' that South which once was arrayed against the great soldier of Pennsylvania, I Lee's great coadjutor, General Joseph E. stand here to pledge you its solid vote. [Cheers. We will Johnson, telegraphed:

prove no laggards in this great race for Constitutional government, for home rule, and for freedom all over

"The nomination makes me much gladder than this great land. There is no name which is held in higher you."

Wade Hampton tells how the Confederate

Brigadiers did the business.

Senator Wade Hampton, in his famous speech at Staunton, Virginia-which has been "proved up" (in spite of all pretended denials) by the highest local Democratic as well as Republican witnesses-said:

*

respect among the people of the South than that of the man whom you have given to us as our standard-bearer. ** * And in the name of South Carolina, that State which has so lately returned and come into the sisterhood of States, that State which was so overwhelmingly Republican that we scarcely dared to count the Democratic vote, in behalf of that State, I here pledge myself, if work, if zeal, if energy can do anything, that the people of South Carolina will give as large a Democratic majority as any other State in this Union."

CHAPTER II.

Spirit of the "Solid South."

PART I.

Wade Hampton's Speech at
Staunton, Virginia.

Following is the speech of Senator Wade Hampton at Staunton, Virginia, July 26, 1880, as reported by the Staunton Valley Virginian:

by her Lee and her Stonewall Jackson. Do not understand that I come here to dictate a policy to you, or to advise you what you must do; rather am I here to consult with you as a Democrat, as a man, and as a Southern soldier; as one who looks back to the time when he shared with you privations and suffering and defeat in the Army of Northern Virginia.'

He adjures Virginia by her Confederate
traditions to stand with the
"Solid
South!"

"The largest political meeting ever held in Staunton was that on Monday last. The Opera house was crowded with an audience variously estimated at from "I am here to voice the earnest hope that I feel, to utter fifteen hundred to two thousand people. Some three the fervent prayer of my heart. that Virginia, the Mother or four hundred were ladies, and about an equal num- of States, will not prove recreant to all her high traditions. ber boys, while the men comprised voters of every po- We have always looked to her to lead, and we know litical creed and color. Captain John H. Crawford was that she has the right to do so. We know her history, called to the chair, and Major Elder offered the resolu- and we know that in seeking the path of duty she has tions, which were unanimously adopted. Captain ever found the way to glory. I adjure you by your traBaumgardner, in his usually happy manner, then in-ditions, by all that you hold sacred, to lead again Virginia, troduced Senator Wade Hampton of South Carolina. as you have done heretofore, not always to victory, but General Hampton is a man of fine physique and splen- always to honor." did appearan e, and as he stepped forward to the stage round after round of applause greeted him."

The indissoluble bonds of the ConfederacyThe "glorious heritage of hate and lust of power"-" Turn back the hands."

"After alluding to the fact that his ancestry were Virginians, and had fought side by side with the sons of the old State, and to his own services during the late war, he said: 'So it is that I am bound to you by bonds which death alone can sever. So it is that I, like so many of the veterans the Confederacy, am jealous of the honor and proud of the glorious heritage bequeathed to her

With 138 votes from the "Solid South," only New York and Indiana needed-Will Virginia" Sacrifice the South ?”

"What is Virginia's duty now! You hardly realize, my friends, how much depends on the action of your State. With a united South, casting 138 electoral votes, we need only New York and Indiana, and I believe we shall have them. Will Virginia, when we have success within our very grasp, sacrifice the Democratic party? Will she sacrifice the South? Will she sacrifice the National Government by aiding, indirectly though it be, to elect a Republican President? I will not believe it."

By the" exalted teachings,” the “enno- | feared it would solidify the North for General bling inspirations" of our “glorious" | Garfield. To break its force, they made haste four years of rebellion, be not “recreant " to deny that Wade Hampton had used the now!-The "one great object" of the language thus attributed to him, and Wade South, Hancock's election, "Fight for it, Hampton wrote a letter in which he admits that he appealed to the Virginians present and Win." to consider before they voted how Lee and Jackson would vote were they now alive," but says:

"I stood for four years by the side of Virginians, and I know the stuff of which they are made. In those four years I never saw them falter. At this crisis I can not, I will not, think that you will prove false to your traditions-that you can prove recreant to the exalted teachings, the ennobling inspirations of your glorious past. Put by everything that can distract your attention from OUR ONE GREAT OBJECT. Look only to that, fight for it, and win the fight."

He attacks the Republican party-Bewails a loss of State rights and "the fate of the South"-This

election the

"Last

Ditch” of Confederate Democratic rule.

"I have nothing to say to you about your local differences; we have them in our own State, but we have resolutely put them behind us. Realize, if you can, what will follow a Republican triumph in November, You have all seen what strides that party has made toward centralization; you have seen your Judge stricken down by the mailed hands of the National Government; you have seen the Republican party mass troops at the polls to overawe your free suffrage; you have seen their Deputy Marshals, their Supervisors, their Returning Boards-the instruments of an overthrow of the last vestige of State rights. I tell you, my countrymen, the fate of the South will be harder than ever if the Republican party is successful in this campaign. We shall behold no more free elections, no more untrammeled expressions of political sentiment, and no one of us now living will ever again see a restoration of Democratic rule and principles.”

Elect Hancock and the Republican vote
North (as in the bull-dozed South) shall
disappear-"Peace and Union" when the
South can dictate.

"If we elect the Democratic nominees the Republican party will go to pieces like a rope of sand. Their mission is ended if they ever had a mission. There is nothing that holds them together to-day save the cohesive power of public plunder.' The Democratic party is the party of peace and of union that would blot out all sectional differences forever, and it has proved this in the nomination of General Hancock at Cincinnati. There was but one feeling there among the Southern delegates. That feeling was expressed when we said to our Northern Democratic brethren, Give us an available man.' They gave us that man, and we have put it in the power of the people to elect the ticket. They can elect it if they will."

The "Solid South" again -"Consider
what Lee and Jackson would
do"
"These are the same principles for
which they fought "-Do not abandon
them now!

"You will hear from one to-day who can speak for North Carolina. Governor Vance will confirm my words that we can carry the South if you will only carry Virginia. He has come, like me, to appeal to you not to forsake us in the hour of need. CONSIDER WHAT LEE AND JACKSON WOULD DO WERE THEY ALIVE. THESE ARE THE SAME PRINCIPLES FOR WHICH THEY FOUGHT FOR FOUR YEARS. REMEMBER THE MEN WHO POURED FORTH THEIR LIFE-BLOOD ON VIRGINIA'S SOIL, AND DO NOT ABANDON THEM NOW. REMEMBER THAT UPON YOUR VOTE DEPENDS THE SUCCESS OF THE DEMOCRATIC TICKET."

The denial that he made that speech-
The convincing proofs of the fact.

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The above speech created such a deep feel- The proceedings in the United States Senate, ing in the Northern mind, that the Southern March 1879, exhibit, more than any other as well as Northern leaders of the Democracy | one thing, the love and devotion of the South

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ern and even the Northern Democratic leaders to Jefferson Davis. The bill making appropriations for Pension Arrears was up that evening, and a pending amendment to grant pensions to the soldiers of the Mexican War was sought to be guarded by the following addition to it:

"Provided further, That no pension shall ever be paid under this act to Jefferson Davis, the late president of the so-called Confederacy."

Thereupon Democratic Senators rose to vindicate and eulogize the arch-rebel. Senator Garland, of Arkansas, roundly declared that Jefferson Davis,

"Would scorn it (the pension), if tendered grudgingly. ** * His services are upon the record of this country, and while they may not surpass, yet they will equal in history all Grecian fame and all Roman glory.

Senator Thurman, of Ohio, a Northern Democrat, could see no difference between repentant rebels, now honored with office in the Republican party, and the unrepentant Jef

ferson Davis! and added:

"The American people want not only that there but that as soon as possible

shall be amnesty * *** there may be oblivion."

Senator Gordon, of Georgia, also could not see any difference except, because

"One is radical and the other is not; that is all." Senator Lamar, of. Mississippi, expressed "surprise and regret that the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. Hoar) should have wantonly, without provocation, flung this insult!" said he, continuing:

***** * There was no distinction between insult to him and the Southern people, except that he was their chosen leader and they his enthusiastic followers; and there has been no difference since. The Senator, it pains me to say, coupled that honored name with treason; for, sir, he is honored among the Southern people. He did only what they sought to do; he was simply chosen to lead them in a cause which we all cherished, and his name will continue to be honored for his participation in that great movement which inspired an entire people, the people who were animated by motives as sacred and noble as ever inspired the breast of a Hampden or a Washington. I say this as a Union man to-day. The people of the South drank their inspiration from the fountain of devotion to liberty and to constitutional government. We believed that, we were fighting for it, and the Senator cannot put his finger upon one distinction between the people of the South and the man whom the Senator has to-day selected for dishonor as the representative of the South."

Senator Gordon again rose to declare that"Whatever poison is carried in the breast of Mr. Davis by this Parthian arrow, sent back from recently defeated Republican ranks, must of necessity find lodgment in the breast of every man of the South whose sensibilities are capable of a wound."

Senator Morgan, of Alabama, eulogized him as "a man of high character, of great courage, of established abilities, a man whom we could trust."

Senator Coke, of Texas, said:

Senator Ransom, of North Carolina, replying to a question, said:

"I tell him (Mr. Hoar) that if I were in his place as I am now in my place-and I speak deliberately-and I believed Mr. Davis was an enemy to this country, I not only would not pension him, but I would have for him feelings of unutterable aversion. But it is impossible that Mr. Davis can be an enemy to this country. * * He never was an enemy of this country. He belongs to history as does that cause to which he gave all the ability and devotion of his great nature. There I trust both. * * * *I hope we all will vote upon this amendment, and vote our sentiments."

Most of those Democratic senators who were not paired did vote for these Confederate "sentiments." No Democrat voted against those "sentiments." The Democrats who voted "nay" in the adoption of Mr. Hoar's amendment were:

Messrs. Bailey, Barnum, Beck, Butler, Cockrell, Coke. Hereford, Jones, of Fla., Lamar, McCreery, McPherson, Davis, of W. Va., Eaton, Garland, Gordon, Grover, Harris. Maxey, Morgan, Ransom, Thurman.

ment was adopted, and the pending amendIn spite of their vote, Mr. Hoar's amendment as thus amended, was lost-the Democrats having previously voted down a proviso offered by Mr. Mitchell, to the following

effect:

"Provided further, That no person who served in the Confederate army during the late war of the rebellion or held any office, civil or military, in the late Confederacy, shall be entitled to receive any pension under this act."

A sharp contrast.-How Jefferson Davis is regarded by the North-Senator ChandIer's scathing reply to these Southern eulogies!

It was after listening to these eulogies of Jefferson Davis till forbearance ceased to be a virtue, that the lamented Zachariah Chandler rose, pale with long-suppressed wrath, and, with impressive vehemence, uttered the voice of the North as follows:

the old hall of the Senate, now occupied by the Su"Mr. President, twenty-two years ago to-morrow, in preme Court of the United States, in company with Mr. Jefferson Davis, I, stood up and swore before Almighty God that I would support the Constitution of the United States.

Cabinet of Franklin Pierce into the Senate of the Mr. Jefferson Davis came from the to this Government. During four years I sat in this United States and took the oath with me to be faithful body with Mr. Jefferson Davis and saw the preparations going on from day to day for the overthrow of this Government. With treason in his heart and perjury upon his lips he took the oath to sustain the Government that he meant to overthrow.

"Sir, there was method in that madness. He, in cooperation with other men from his section and in the Cabinet of Mr. Buchanan, made careful preparations for the event that was to follow. Your armies were scattered all over this broad land where they could not be used in an emergency; your fleets were scattered wherever the winds blew and water was found to float them, where they could not be used to put down rebearing six per cent., principal and interest payable in bellion; your Treasury was depleted until your bonds coin, were sold for eighty-eight cents on the dollar for current expenses and no buyers. Preparations were carefully made. Your arms were sold under an ap

that the Secretary of War might, at his discretion, sell such arms as he deemed it for the interest of the Government to sell.

"I tell you, candidly and sincerely, that we love Jef-parently innocent clause in an Army bill providing ferson Davis because he represented us in a struggle in which our young men and our old men went down to their graves and by which our women were made widows and our children were made orphans. He represents us and we love him, we respect and revere him."

"Sir, eighteen years ago last month, I sat in these halls and listened to Jefferson Davis delivering his farewell address, informing us what our constitutional

duties to this Government were, and then he left and | He wouldn't disturb "such peace as we entered into the rebellion to overthrow the Government that he had sworn to support! I remained here, sir, during the whole of that terrible rebellion. I saw our brave soldiers by thousands and hundreds of thousands, aye, I might say millions, pass through the theatre of war, and I saw their shattered ranks return; I saw steamboat after steamboat and railroad train after

railroad train arrive with the maimed and the wounded; I was with my friend from Rhode Island [Mr. Burnside] when he commanded the army of the Potomac, and saw piles of legs and arms that made humanity shudder; I saw the widow and the orphan in their homes, and heard the weeping and wailing of those who had lost their dearest and their best. Mr. President. I little thought at that time that I should live to hear in the Senate or the United States eulogies upon Jefferson Davis, living a living rebel eulogized on the floor of the Senate of the United States! Sir, I am amazed to hear it; and I can tell the gentlemen on the other side that they little know the spirit of the North when they come here at this day and with bravado on their lips utter eulogies upon a man whom every man, woman, and child in the North believes to have been a double-dyed traitor to his Government." [Ap. plause in the galleries.]

PART III.

Jefferson Davis' Last Set Speech.

Let it be remembered that the preceding eulogies of the unrepentant and unreconstructed Jefferson Davis were delivered March 3, 1879, seven months after he had made the following address, which is taken from the Democratic N. Y. World, July 12, 1878:

MOBILE, Ala., July 11.-A Mississippi City (Miss.) dispatch of the 11th says: "The following is a brief synopsis of the address made to-day by Jefferson Davis on the occasion of the presentation to him of a gold badge and certificate of membership of the Association of the Army of the Tennessee. Colonel James Lingen made the presentation address. Mr. Davis, after expressing gratitude for the kindness and honor conferred, recapitulating the stirring events of the war and the hardships endured, said:

The "right of secession" once "debatable" now "vindicated” as "a necessity" for the "safety and freedom of the Southern States!"

"The question of the State's right of secession in 1861 was at least debatable; but the course pursued by the Federal Government after the war had ceased was a vindication of the judgment of those who held separation to be necessary for the safety and freedom of the Southern States. The unsuccessful attempt to separate left those in power to work their will as it had been manifested when they first got control of the Government. The events are too recent to require recapitulation, and the ruin they have developed requires no other memorial than the material and moral wreck which the country presents."

He reasserts the "right of secession" and "the duty" to fight for it-He glorifies Albert Sydney Johnston above all men. "The speaker reasserted his unshaken belief in the right of secession and the duty of the citizen to battle in the cause of the State after secession. He reviewed the campaigns from Fort Henry to Shiloh, and, speaking of Albert Sydney Johnston, he said: Was it that his grand presence inspired you with unmeasured confidence and the hope of happier days, when opportunity should offer, or was it that your judgment told you that you followed, as I verily believe you did, the greatest soldier, the ablest man, civil or military, Confederate or Federal ?" "

have "-The South "agreed to return to the Union and abide by the Constitution and laws made in conformity with it," according to Southern construction.

Mr. Davis then reviewed the operations about Vicksburg and Port Hudson, and spoke in glowing terms of their defenders. He said:

"Let no one suppose that in thus vindicating our cause, in paying due tribute to your gallant deeds, I am seeking to disturb such peace as we have or to avoid the logic of events. You have done your duty in the past, and I would ask no more than that you should fulfill equally well the duties of the present and the future. The bravest are, as a rule the gentlest, and they are also the truest to every obligation assumed. You struck for independence, and were unsuccessful. You agreed to return to the Union and abide by the Constitution and laws made in conformity with it. Thus far, and no further, do I understand your promise to extend."

He would repudiate all "contracts with bondholders, merchants and shipowners” as "palpable wrongs"-"The best assurance of full triumph" to the South. Referring to the legislation of the Congress which followed the war, he said :

"The tax-payers know that an increased burden was imposed on them by contracts made with bondholders, merchants, and shipowners. They know that we have lost the carrying trade, and to what will they assign a policy which prevents the registration of American ships that had changed flags during the war, which imposes such duties on raw material as to interfere with ship building, and prohibits the registration of a foreign built ship, though it be by purchase the property of Will the people-if citizens of the United States. worthy-the source of all power, allow a long continuance of such palpable wrongs to the masses, such ruin to interests which have been equally our pride and means of prosperity? A form of government must correspond to the character of the people for which it is appropriate. Republics have failed whenever corruption has entered the body politic and rendered the people unworthy to rule. Then they become the fit subjects of despotism, and a despot is always at hand to respond to the call. A Cæsar could not subject a people, who were fit to be free, nor could a Brutus save them if they were fit for subjugation. The fortitude with which our people have borne oppression imposed on them since the war has closed, the resolute will with which they have struggled against poverty and official pillage, is their highest glory, and give the best assurance of full triumph.

The "great victory” already gained—Apother promised as "the sequence to it”— Renewal of State Sovereignty.

"Well may we rejoice in the regained possession of local self-government, in the power of the people to choose their own representatives and to legislate uncontrolled by bayonets. This is the great victory, and promises another as the sequence of it-a total non-interference by the Federal Government with the domestic affairs of the States. The renewal of the timehonored doctrine of States sovereignty and the supremacy of law will secure permanent peace, freedom and prosperity."

"The Constitution as it was."

"The Constitution of the United States, interpreted as it was by those who made it, is the Prophet's rod sweetening the bitter water from which followed the strife, the carnage, the misery, and the shame of the past as well as the evils of the present." Perversion of the Federal "compact"— Usurpations-The Missouri compromise. Every evil which has befallen our institutions is directly traceable to the perversion of the compact of union and the usurpation of the Federal Government

of undelegated powers. Let one memorable example suffice for illustration. When Missouri asked for admission as a State into the Union, to which she had a two-fold right under the Constitution and usages of the United States, and also under the terms of the treaty by avhich the Territory was acquired, her application was resisted, and her admission was finally purchased by the constitutional concession miscalled "Missouri Compromise." When that establishment of a politico-geographical line was announced to the apostle of Democracy, who, full of years and honors, in retirement watched with profound solicitude the course. of the Government he had So mainly contributed to inaugurate, his prophetic vision saw the end of which this was the beginning. The news fell upon his ear like a fire-bell at night"

The Pandora box-lid opened-Fraternity destroyed.

"Men had differed and would differ about measures and public policy according to their circumstances or mental characteristics. Such differences tended to an elucidation of truth, a triumph of reason over error. Parties so founded would not be sectional; but when the Federal Government made a parallel of latitude a political line a sectional party could not fulfill the ends for which the Union was ordained and established. If the limitations of the Constitution had been observed and its purposes had directed Federal legislation, no such act could have been passed. The lid of the Pandora box might have remained closed and the country have escaped the long train of similar aggressions which aggrandized one section and impoverished the other, and, adding insult to injury, finally destroyed the fraternity which had bound them together." “Restoration of the Government to the principles and practices of the earlier period."

"It was no part of my purpose, as has been already shown, to discuss the politics of the day, though the deep interest I must ever feel in the affairs of the country has not allowed me to ignore them, and will not permit me to be unobservant of passing events or indifferent to the humiliating exposures to which the Federal Government has of late been subjected. Separated from any active participation in public affairs,

I may not properly judge of those who have to bear the heat and burden of the day. Representing no one, it would be quite unreasonable to hold any other responsible for opinions which I may entertain. How or when a restoration of the Government to the principles and practices of the earlier period may be accomplished, it is not given us to foresee."

He believes that that "restoration will come”—That those principles, etc., will prevail.

"For me, it remains only earnestly to hope and hopefully to believe, though I may not see it, that the restoration will come. To disbelieve this is to discredit the popular intelligence and integrity on which self-government must necessarily depend. Though severely tried, my faith in the people is not lost; and I prayerfully trust, though I should not live to see the hope realized, that it will be permitted me to die believing the principles on which our fathers founded their Government will finally prevail throughout the land and the ends for which it was instituted yet be attained and rendered as perpetual as human institutions may be. I have said we could not foresee how or when this may be brought to pass; but it is not so difficult to determine what means are needful to secure the result."

by a public agent deserve the severest censure, and the bestowal of the people's offices as a reward for partisan service should be treated as a gross breach of trust. Let no such offences be condoned; for in a government of the people there can be no abuses permissible as usefully counteracting each other. Truth and justice and honor presided at the birth of our Federal Union, and its mission can only be performed by their continued attendance upon it. For this there is not needed a condition of human perfectibility, but only so much of virtue as will control vice and teach the mercenary and self-seeking that power and distinction and honor will be awarded to patriotism, capacity, and integrity." |Mississippi_shot-guns and rebel rifles will do it all.

"To your self-sacrificing, self-denying defenders of imperishable truths and inalienable rights I look for the performance of whatever man can do for the wel fare and happiness of his country."

The spirit which animated the crowd. During the delivery of the address Mr. Davis was frequently applauded.*-N. Y. World, July 12, 1878. *Note.-It is a significant fact, as showing the spirit of the South, that of the 100 Democratic newspapers published in Mississippi, only five have taken the slightest exception to Jefferson Davis' remarks above given.

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and other sources.

Senator Morgan declares the voice of Alabama at the recent election shows "conclusively the spirit of the South."

Senator John T. Morgan, of Alabama, in his speech at the Hancock Ratification Meeting at Washington, Aug. 26, 1880, reported by the Washington Post (Democratic), said:

"The voice of his State in the election just closed, in which a 60,000 vote was cast for Hancock and English, showed conclusively the spirit of the South at present.

* * *

"The voice which has just started in that State would sweep through the South and many a Northern State.

A Greenback Stump-speaker astounded in Alabama-“The Confederacy still exists -A Solid South will gain control and redress all our wrongs."

J. H. Randall, a Greenback orator in the recent Alabama campaign, writes to the Washington National View, August 14, 1880, touching "the spirit of the South," as exhibited in that State. He attended a Democratic meeting at Kizer Hill, and says:

The "means" of restoration-" The elec-fools. tive franchise must be intelligently and honestly exercised," under the Mississippi shot-gun system, of course,

"First in order and importance-for it is the corner stone of the edifice-the elective franchise must be intelligently and honestly exercised. Let there be no class legislation, low taxes, low salaries, no perquisites, and let the official be held to a strict accountability to his constituents. Nepotism and gift-taking |

** **

"The first one of the speakers, from our standpoint, indicated that he was very ignorant and a fool, or that he thought the people present were all ignorant and To us it was very strange that the people listened to him, but they did, and many of them, in comments we overheard, seemed to think him telling the truth, and that he was very wise. In the course of his speech he said: The Confederacy still exists, my friends, and Jeff. Davis, the best friend we ever had, is yet our President and devoted to our interests; and if Hancock is elected (and we have no doubt he will be), you will be paid for all the property you have lost through Radical rule; and you must stand by the great Democratic party, for a solid South will now give us entire control of the General Government, and we can redress all our wrongs.''

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