other incomes received by the producers is not sufficient to purchase all their productions. That which is left over and goes to the owners of the private monopoly is a "surpius." It was different when prices were fixed by competition; i. e., the law of supply and demand. Then the supply met the demand, that is, the price was such as to work off the entire product among our own people and in the payment of their debts, except during the periods when the volume of money was not sufficient to maintain a stable or rising price level; (page 7, above). But now the law of supply and demand is banished from nearly all the great industries, and in its place we have prices fixed by boards of directors. The result is, that selling prices are too high and buying prices too low. THE PRODUCT WHICH THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CANNOT BUY IS TERMED "SURPLUS," AND THE ENDEAVOR IS BEING MADE ΤΟ FORCE A MARKET FOR IT IN FOREIGN LANDS. Statements to this effect have been, and are being made by everyone familiar with the subject. An example is as follows: Senator Chauncey M. Depew, in a speech at the Republican National Convention, in Philadelphia, last June, is thus reported:

What is the tendency of the future? Why this war in South Africa? Why this hammering at the gates of Pekin? Why this marching of troops from Asia to Africa? Why these parades of people from other empires and other lands? IT IS BECAUSE THE SURPLUS PRODUCTIONS OF CIVILIZED COUNTRIES OF MODERN TIMES ARE GREATER THAN CIVILIZATION CAN CONSUME. It is because this over-production goes back to stagnation and to poverty.

THE AMERICAN PEOPLE PRODUCE $2,000,000,000 WORTH MORE THAN WE CAN CONSUME, and we have met the emergency, and by the providence of God, by the statesmanship of William McKinley and by the valor of Roosevelt and his associates (applause), we have our market in Cuba, we have our market in Porto Rico, we have our market in Hawaii, and we have our market in the Philippines, and we stand in the presence of

800,000,000 people [Chinese and other orientals] with the Pacific as an American lake and the American artisan producing better and cheaper goods than any country in the world, and, my friends, we go to American labor and to the American farm and say that with McKinley for another four years there is no congestion for America. Let inven. tion proceed, let production go on, let the mountains bring forth their treasures, let the factories do their best, let labor be employed at the highest wages, BECAUSE THE WORLD IS OURS AND WE HAVE CONQUERED IT by Republican principles and by Republican persistency in the principles of American industry and of America for Ameri(Applause.)

cans.

The change from competitive prices to those of private monopoly is the most stupendous revolution ever accomplished in the history of the world's industrial growth. *** It is an undeliberated revolt against the most essential force in the regulation of production, distribution, and values-the natural law of competition. It amounts to complete disruption of the relations between the industrial forces and classes of society. It is an extinguishment of the voluntary exchanges between the producing and merchanting interests, and the creation of one exclusive producing organization for each industry, to which all other material interests must yield subjection. Industry at large is organized into a system of feudalized corporations, each one of which enjoys absolute power within its special branch of production, while taken in the mass the system constitutes itself the supreme trade power in the nation. These innovations upon the fixed methods of industry, though fundamentally affecting the citizen's free access to the opportunities of industrialism, take little account of legalities, equally ignoring the law as it stands and as it may pos

sibly be changed to meet the case. This headlong precipitancy has pursued its purpose almost without forethought; certainly with slight consideration for trade moralities or for the weightiest of human liberties, and with little regard for the perils to public order which the outworkings of the system are too liable to evoke.

To Obtain a Market for the "Sur-
plus," Foreign Conquest has been
Adopted and is Now a Settled
Policy.

This description of the system of private monopolies was penned more than a year and a half ago, and succeeding months have demonstrated the accuracy of the picture.

The result has been that today "the American people produce [to quote Senator Depew's words] $2,000,000,000 worth more than we can consume, AND WE HAVE MET THE EMERGENCY, and by the providence of God, by the statesmanship of William McKinley and by the valor of Roosevelt and his associates WE HAVE OUR MARKET IN CUBA, WE HAVE OUR MARKET IN PORTO RICO, WE HAVE OUR MARKET IN HAWAII WE HAVE OUR MARKET IN THE PHILIPPINES, AND WE STAND IN THE PRESENCE OF 800,000,000 PEOPLE WITH THE PACIFIC AS AN AMERICAN LAKE."

This is a description of the cause of the war of conquest in the Philippines; of the holding of subjects in Porto Rico, and of the demand for further conquest on the part of the trust magnates. They must, they say, find a market for their "surplus," and then as they get their clutches upon the foreign people, through the control of the government, they take to themselves the franchises and whatever else there is of commercial value. The following is a description of these harpies in human form:

"I must say a word about the Jingoes," said Dr. Schurman, President of the Philippine Commission, in an address at Chicago, February 22, 1900. "The Jingoes are a sect who hold that everything is ours that we can lay our hands on; and that other people have no rights which we need respect. THEIR PHILOSOPHY OF THE PHILIPPINE QUESTION

THE PHILIPPINES, AND GOD IN HEAVEN TO SATISFY THE APPETITE WITH ITS DESIRED OBJECT. The inhabitants of the archipelago, of whom there are some 8,000,000, never enter into their calculations, or if they do it is simply as material for exploitation or food for bullets. EIGHT MILLION FILIPINOS WITH NO LEGAL OR MORAL RIGHTS THAT WE NEED TO CONSIDER! EIGHT MILLION IMMORTAL SOULS TO BE TREATED AS MERE CHATTELS! YET THIS IS THE GOSPEL OF THE JINGOES. THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WILL IN DUE TIME PUNISH THEM FOR THEIR INFAMY."

12 Chattel Slavery and Polygamy Under the Stars and Stripes-A King and Princes Under the Sovereignty of the United States.

The jingoes have adopted the British system of holding subjects, and have gone much further than this. They have re-established chattel slavery and polygamy under the Stars and Stripes. Our flag floats over the Sulu Islands, where chattel slaves can "purchase their freedom by paying to their master the market price." This demonstrates the extent to which the jingoes have gone. In other words, the trust magnates have become conscienceless.

Furthermore, the Star Spangled Banner floats over a harem! and the Sulu King and Princes, subordinates of McKinley, are protected polygamists!

13 An Imperial Executive.

The so-called President of the United States for eighteen months has been the ruler of 10,000,000 people on the other side of the globe. The trust representatives in Congress turned everything over to Mr. McKinley, and in the Philippines he has had full and sole power with no limitations whatever. Cæsar had less power than this. It was only after long intervals that the Roman Emperor knew what was going on in his outlying possessions, therefore, his vice-emperor could have his conscience worked upon by what passed under his eyes, but McKinley, who has never seen the people he is so arbitrarily ruling, is in unin

terrupted communication with his representatives in the Philippines, and through them the edicts go forth.

(14) Summary: The Question at Issue. If the voters of this country, who are the sovereign power at election time, cast their ballots in indorsement of the Administration, they change the Republic of the United States to an Empire and ratify the re-establishment of Chattel Slavery and Polygamy. They also continue Private Monopoly, which is the cause of the policy of Conquest Abroad, and in the United States of the

infamous "Permit System," Govern. ment by Injunction and Robbery of the People.

In another division we shall present the evidence which demonstrates that the United States will be an Empire if the present policy of foreign conquest is ratified by the voters. And we shall also present with considerable detail, the effects of the policy of Empire. Before going into these details we shall summarize the main facts and principles demonstrated by the evidence presented, and that that is to be presented in the remaining pages.

h Infringement of Equal Rights in Government and the Evil Results.

But this policy of equal rights in the governing power has been infringed these many years, by means of Legislative Grants of Monopoly Privileges, the profits from these privileges being used to influence the NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES, and to further influence these representatives

'N THE ENACTMENT OF LAWS.

This has been a serious breach in the doctrine of equal rights in the governing power, AND AS A RESULT OUR LAWS ARE SUCH THAT PRIVATE MONOPOLIES EXIST IN PRACTICALLY ALL THE GREAT INDUSTRIES. In other words, a monopoly charge (a Private Tax) is levied in all directions. For example, there is a private tax for traveling over the highway by modern methods of transportation or for shipment of freight. There is a private tax for the transmission of messages by electricity. There is a private tax for the use of light from gas, electricity, or kerosene. There is a private tax on sugar, wheat, flour, fruit, vegetables, crackers, bread, etc. There is a private tax on leather, matches, whiskey, tobacco, clothing, etc. There is a private tax on lumber, steel, brick, etc. There is a private tax on chairs, carriages, pianos, bicycles, window shades, and a private tax on even the coffin in which at last the subject of the monopoly barons is buried. The aggregate amount of private tax is so great that the few monopoly barons are each month buying up several industries, and thus are extending their power at a tremendous rate. In the United States alone it is estimated to be greater than $2,000,000,000 annually. The people are told that the portion of the annual product which the monopoy barons cannot squander upon themselves, and therefore must be

shipped abroad, is a "surplus."

To obtain a market for this "surplus" the monopoly barons, through the Federal Government, have entered upon an era of conquest, and under the law of the land are holding subjects: the people of Porto Rico and of the Philippines

HAVE NO LEGAL TITLE TO A SHARE IN THE GOVERNING POWER. This breach of the doctrine of equal rights in the governing power resulted from the indirect breach whereby monopoly was placed in private hands.. THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF THE PRIVATE TAX IS SUCH THAT 1 PER CENT OF THE FAMILIES IN THIS COUNTRY OWN 99 PER CENT OF ITS WEALTH.

c The Policy of the Democratic Party.

THE POLICY OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, BACKED BY THE SILVER REPUBLICAN AND PEOPLE'S PARTIES, IS TO ABOLISH PRIVATE MONOPOLY AND FREE THE FILIPINOS AND THE PORTO RICANS; in other words, FREE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF THE SEVERAL DEPENDENCIES.

Furthermore, the policy of the Fusion. Party is that THE PEOPLE SHALL ELECT THE UNITED STATES SENATORS AND THAT CORPORATIONS SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED TO INTERFERE "WITH PUBLIC AFFAIRS OF THE PEOPLE, OR TO CONTROL THE SOVEREIGNTY WHICH CREATES THEM." But greater than all this is a declaration for THE TRANSFER OF THE LEGISLATIVE POWER FROM ELECTED RULERS TO THE PEOPLE THEMSELVES, thus restoring and extending the doctrine of equal rights in the governing power.

d The Policy of the Administration,

The Administration is opposed to these restorations and to the extension of equal rights.

a A Remarkable Absence of Equal Rights Before the Law.

As set forth in the preceding section, there is a remarkable absence of equal rights before the law, for private monopoly-special privilege-is existent in nearly all the great lines of industry. Some of the results are as follows:

A system of Taxation for Private Purposes.

The "Permit" System of Slavery-the blacklist is now used in practically all the private monopolies.

One of the methods of control in this "permit" system is Government by Injunction: that is, the Abolition of Trial by Jury.

Another portion of the system is Military Law. In a county in Idaho the magnates in the Standard Oil and other monopolies have for more than a year conducted their industries under military law each miner, before seeking work, being obliged to foreswear labor unions and secure a permit from the military authorities.

In the anthracite region of Pennsylvania, the presidents of the nine railroads which compose the Anthracite Monopoly are today refusing to arbitrate with their employees, 125,000 of whom are on a strike.

In Porto Rico and the Philippines the entire people are held as subjects. In the Philippines there are 60,000 soldiers attempting to hold down the brown race, while monopolists, through the control of the Government, operate the franchises and thus reap a profit. This holding of a foreign people by military force is a species of slavery which gives the masters less care than is the case where they secure the results of toil through chattel slavery. Where the entire people of a country are held as slaves through the control of their government, profits from their toil can be gathered in through monopoly charges on the railways and through monopoly in the buying of the product, and trust prices

on the things which the people must purchase. Education is kept from these slaves just as it used to be kept from the chattel slaves. Proof of this is presented in the succeeding chapters.

Furthermore, the trust magnates have re-established chattel slavery under the Stars and Stripes. Today our flag floats over the chattel slave and over the slavepen and auction block. This is a fact which the Administration does not dispute. Details are set forth in a later chapter.

Un

An infringement of the doctrine of equal rights before the law is the recognition by the Administration of Titles of Nobility and of power to rule. der the sovereignty of the United States there is a King and Princes. They are subordinates of President McKinley, whose title is not fairly represented by the term "President." Not only is the King of Sulu his subordinate, but Mr. McKinley has for eighteen months been the sole ruler of 10,000,000 people on the other side of the globe-a power greater and more imperial than Caesar exercised, for he was not in constant communication with his vice-emperors, and therefore they were influenced by the sights which their eyes rested upon; but McKinley has never seen these people whom he rules, nor does he see the conditions when he promulgates his doctrines. Compared with the imperial sway of Caesar, McKinley's rule in the Philippines is similar to the difference between the soulless sway of private monopoly as compared with the conscience touching relations which exist between the small employer and his "help."

Evidence showing that the comparison against McKinley and the trust rule in the Philippines is not overdrawn is set forth in the succeeding chapters. Some of the conditions in the Philippines and in Porto Rico are set forth, but the more revolting details are not incorporated. Such, for example, as the orders to take