toward the northwest and Umbria on the eastern side. In this province Rome was situated, which was at one time capital of the whole world. In Umbria are Perusium and Lake Clitorius and Spoletium. Campania, the fifth province stretches from the city of Rome to the Siler, a river of Lucania. In it the very rich cities of Capua, Neapolis and Salernum are situated. The sixth province, Lucania, begins at the river Siler and extends with Oritia' as far as the Sicilian strait along the coast of the Tirrenian Sea, like the two last named provinces, holding the right horn of Italy. In it cities are placed, that is, Pestus, Laynus, Cassanus, Cosentia, Malvitus and Regium. The seventh province is reckoned in the Apennine Alps, which take their origin from the place where the Cottian Alps terminate. These Apennine Alps, extending through the middle of Italy, separate Tuscia from Emilia, and Umbria from Flaminea. In it are the cities of Feronianum and Montebellium and Bovium and Orbinum, and also the town which is called Verona. The eighth province, Emilia, beginning from the province of Liguria, extends towards Ravenna between the Apennine Alps and the waters of the Padus. It contains wealthy cities : Plagentia, Regio, Boonia and the Forum of Cornelius, the fortress of which is called Imola. The ninth province, Flaminea, is placed between the Apennine Alps and the Adriatic Sea. In it are Ravenna, most noble of cities, and five other cities which in the Greek tongue are called Pentapolis. The tenth province, Picenum, comes after Flaminea. It has on the south the Apennine mountains, on the other side, the Adriatic Sea. It extends to the river Piscaria. In it are the cities Firmus, Asculus and Pennis, also (Hadriae) consumed with old age. 2 Valeria, the eleventh province, to which Nursia is attached, is situated between Umbria and Campania, and Picenum, and 1 1 Evidently a mistake for Britia (Bruttium). "Waitz supplies here "Hadriae" from Paul's History. it touches on the east the region of Samnium. This contains the cities of Tibur, Carsiolis, Reate, Forconis and Amiternum, and the regions of the Marsians and their lake which is called Focinus. The twelfth province, Samnium, is between Campania and the Adriatic Sea and Apulia. This begins at the Piscaria. In it are the cities of Theate, Aufidianum, Hisernia and Sampnium, consumed by its old age, from which the whole province is named, and that most wealthy Beneventum, the capital of this province. The thirteenth province is Apulia, united with it Calabria. It contains the tolerably rich cities of Luceria, Sipontum, Canusium, Acerentia, Brundisium, Tarentum, and in the left horn of Italy, lying distant fifty miles, Ydrontum, fitted for commerce. The island of Sicily is reckoned the fourteenth province. In this province are very rich cities, among which is the great city of Syracuse. The fifteenth province is the island of Corsica, which is full of corners with many promontories. Both of This ex The sixteenth province is the island of Sardinia. these are girt by the waves of the Tirrenian Sea. tends into the African sea in the shape of the human foot, more broadly in the west as well as in the east, its sides being alike in shape. It extends in length north and south 140 miles, in breadth 40 miles.' 1 The first province, Venetia, is mentioned in language quite different from the description of Paul-otherwise the resemblance of the above catalogue to Paul's account of the provinces of Italy is very close. There are a number of grammatical errors in this catalogue where the corresponding sentences are written correctly in Paul. The names of many of the places are spelled differently, the First Raetia and Second Raetia, although named, are not enumerated here, but are included in Paul's enumeration, hence the numbering is different after the second province, and there are a few matters (printed above in italics) which are not found in Paul, or where Paul's statement differs from the catalogue. Many additional matters are found in Paul. Waitz, in his appendix (p. 188) insists (following Bethmann) that the prototype of this catalogue is earlier than the time of Paul, and that Paul copied and cited it, and made additions to it drawn mostly from Isidore. Mommsen declares (p. 88) that this is an error, that the catalogue is a mere epitome of Paul. He says: "Paul enumerates, as we have seen, eighteen provinces, the catalogue sixteen, both with the inclusion of the fictitious Apennine Alps. The difference consists in this, that both of the Raetiae are enumerated by Paul, since they were well known to belong to the diocese of Italy ever since there was such a diocese, and in the catalogue, on the other hand, these two provinces are named, but they are not enumerated. This is explained very simply by a stupid misunderstanding of Paul's language of which the writer of the Madrid catalogue was guilty. Paul names Liguria as the second province, then adds the two provinces of First and Second Raetia, and then enumerates the Cottian Alps as the fifth. The epitomizer copies this, word for word, but because Paul does not designate the third and fourth, as he was otherwise accustomed to do, tertia and quarta, but only as two provinces, when the epitomizer goes on mechanically with his numbering, he makes the fifth of Paul the third, and so on. This silly oversight puts it beyond doubt that the Madrid catalogue is nothing but a bad extract from our Paul." as Mommsen insists (p. 89) that Paul's list is nothing else than an extract of the catalogue which has subsequently come down to us in the Speier and Bamberg-Oxford manuscripts. He compares these manuscripts with each other, and declares that the remarkable resemblance of this catalogue with Paul in its substance as well as in the collateral observations which it contains (for instance, in referring to the Tyrrenian sea in connection with each of the three islands) strikes the eye at once. This catalogue did not merely comprise the provinces of Italy, but all the provinces of the still existing Roman empire, and it |