their aid, assistance, and relief, mostly from the earnings of the prisoners.

The number received during the year was 1724.

The number discharged on expiration of sentence was 1181, out of an average number of 2878.

The number discharged by pardon, 119.

The number who died, 49.

The number who escaped, 15.

The number removed to Lunatic Asylums, 15.

These results we regard as, on the whole, favorable; more so than we have been made acquainted with in any other country.

a Of the whole number received, 359 were males and 139 females; of those in Prison, October 31, 1850, 99 were males. b Discharged by court and magistrates, 19
discharged by payment of fines, 32; of those who died in Albany Penitentiary, 2; the whole number died of delirium tremens. c This amount is supposed to include
salary of officers, fuel, and lights. d This balance in favor of the earnings above expenses does not include the salaries of the officers among the expenses, which
amounted to $7388; showing a deficit of earnings, if the salaries of officers be included, of $1935, instead of a balance in favor of $5452. e This average is made on
a bill of expenses not including the salary of officers. f Including furniture. g This amount is not included among the expenses of the institution in the Annual
Report, but is paid from the state treasury. h The maladies of two others became unequivocally developed, who were thought, in the latter months of 1849, to exhibit
symptoms of incipient insanity; but the physician says they owed their origin to the previous year, although their diseases were not sufficiently manifest to justify
their return. i This balance of expense against the institution is over and above the salary of the officers. It nowhere appears in the Annual Report of the insti-
tution what amount was paid for salary of officers, or for particular items of expenditure. One by reversal of judgment. This amount was drawn from the state
treasury, and was in part expended for repairs and improvements. m This average expense of each prisoner is after deducting repairs and improvements. n Two were
removed to Western House of Refuge, and three discharged by habeas corpus, and for new trial. o Three were returned as not insane; 12 remain in the Prison; but it
is not stated when and where they became insane. p Two others were drowned, and one other was accidentally killed. q Seventeen were transferred to Auburn, and
removed by habeas corpus. r This sum includes furniture as well as clothing. s $8 42 more are charged as having been lost on broom making.

PART V.

INSANE ASYLUMS.

THE number of lunatics in 8 asylums, at the commencement of the year, as presented in the table, was 1991; the number at the close of the year, 2046; the average number during the year, 2017; the number received, 1263; the number discharged, 1208; the number recovered, 594; the number improved, 190; the number unimproved, 198; the number who died, 223; the number eloped, 3.

The expense for clothing was

$11,650

93,122

18,481

59,256

$220,597

233,293

Total expenditure, including items not above

named,

Total receipts,

The expense of each inmate for clothing, not including the clothing of pay patients, was $5 77; for provisions, $46 15; for fuel and lights, $9 16; for officers' salaries and labor, $79 37; total expense for each inmate, including incidentals not above mentioned, $109 36. The increase in number, during the year, was 55; the number recovered, nearly one half the number received; the number improved and discharged, about one third the number recovered; the number who died, about as 1 to 9 of the average number; the number who eloped, not 1 in 600.

If, in the other 16 asylums on our list, similar returns were made, we should find in the whole number of 24 asylums nearly 6000 as an average number during the year; 3600 received, 3600 discharged, 1800 cured, 600 improved, 600 unimproved, 700 who had died, 9 who had eloped, $35,000 expended for clothing, $279,000 expended for provisions, $55,000 for fuel and lights, $177,000 for officers' salaries and labor, $660,000 total expenses, and $699,000 total receipts.

According to the table on Lunatic Asylums in our last year's report, New England had asylum accommodations for 1626 lunatics. New York, with the same population, for 964 lunatics. And the other states, with a population of about 16,000,000, for 1594, i. e. :—

While the whole country, to be as well accommodated

as New England, would require hospital accommodations for

And had accommodations for

Leaving further provision to be made for

to be as well accommodated as New England. Massachusetts had accommodations, last year, for an average number of

And has since made provision for

Making in all, a provision in Massachusetts, with a population of about 1,000,000, for

So that, to secure hospital accommodations for the whole country, equal to the accommodations already provided in Massachusetts, would require (calling the population of the whole country 20,000,000) hospital accommodations for Instead of

the number actually provided for, according to the table in last year's report; leaving to be provided for in the whole country, that the provision might be as good as in Massachusetts,

16,260

4,184

12,076

787

250

1,037

20,740 4,184

16,556

In carrying out the idea here expressed, in regard to further provision for lunatics in the United States, it is pleasant to know, that, in addition to the Second State Hospital in Massachusetts, the State of New York has it in contemplation to erect another asylum in the western district of that state the asylum at Utica being found inadequate to the wants of the people.

In the State of Ohio, also, it is in contemplation to erect two new State Asylums, one at the north, and the other at the south, in addition to that in Columbus, for the accommodation of the increasing number of poor lunatics in that large and growing population.

A new State Asylum has just been occupied in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and another is building in North Carolina, and still another in Alabama.

These are cheering indications that the great and benevolent enterprise of providing suitable asylum accommodations for poor lunatics in the United States will be steadily progressive, till it is finished.

19,890 d 4,884 140 5,149 1,429 22,687 5,826 k 17,363 6,351 m 6,742