The Logic of Metaphor: Analogous Parts of Possible WorldsSpringer Science & Business Media, 2001 M07 31 - 254 páginas 1. Metaphors and Logic Metaphors are among the most vigorous offspring of the creative mind; but their vitality springs from the fact that they are logical organisms in the ecology of l- guage. I aim to use logical techniques to analyze the meanings of metaphors. My goal here is to show how contemporary formal semantics can be extended to handle metaphorical utterances. What distinguishes this work is that it focuses intensely on the logical aspects of metaphors. I stress the role of logic in the generation and int- pretation of metaphors. While I don't presuppose any formal training in logic, some familiarity with philosophical logic (the propositional calculus and the predicate c- culus) is helpful. Since my theory makes great use of the notion of structure, I refer to it as the structural theory of m etaphor (STM). STM is a semant ic theory of m etaphor : if STM is correct, then metaphors are cognitively meaningful and are n- trivially logically linked with truth. I aim to extend possible worlds semantics to handle metaphors. I'll argue that some sentences in natural languages like English have multiple meanings: "Juliet is the sun" has (at least) two meanings: the literal meaning "(Juliet is the sunkIT" and the metaphorical meaning "(Juliet is the sun)MET". Each meaning is a function from (possible) worlds to truth-values. I deny that these functions are identical; I deny that the metaphorical function is necessarily false or necessarily true. |
Contenido
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
2 Metaphor and Possible Worlds Semantics | 2 |
3 Analogical Counterparts | 5 |
4 TheoryConstitutive Metaphors | 8 |
5 Analyzing Metaphors | 12 |
6 Philosophical Application of the Computer | 18 |
SAMPLE METAPHORICAL TEXTS | 22 |
ANALOGICAL INFERENCES TO EXISTENCE | 24 |
ANALOGICAL TRANSFERENCE | 115 |
2 Analogical Transference | 116 |
3 Subsymbolic Analogical Transference | 118 |
4 An Extended Example of Analogical Transference | 119 |
5 Rules for Analogical Transference | 121 |
6 Analogical Transference and Induction | 126 |
7 Perfect Analogies | 130 |
8 SelfMirroring Universes | 131 |
LANGUAGE | 27 |
3 The Grammar of Metaphor | 30 |
4 Propositions | 36 |
5 Propositions as Networks | 41 |
6 Conclusion | 45 |
SEMANTICS | 50 |
CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES | 59 |
3 The Taxonomic Hierarchy of Types | 60 |
4 The Mereological Hierarchy of Types | 61 |
5 Taxonomic Hierarchy of Processes | 62 |
6 Contrastive Structures | 63 |
7 Symmetries in Networks | 65 |
8 Rules and Lexical Entailments | 66 |
9 Conceptual Fields | 67 |
10 Conclusion | 70 |
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS | 74 |
ANALOGY | 81 |
2 Towards a Formal Theory of Analogy | 82 |
3 The Stages of Analogical Inference | 84 |
5 Analog Retrieval by Constraint Satisfaction | 85 |
6 The Access Phase in NETMET | 89 |
7 Analogical Mapping | 93 |
8 Analogical Mapping by Constraint Satisfaction | 95 |
9 Difficulties with Proportional Analogy | 99 |
10 Rules for Analogical Mapping | 100 |
11 Conclusion | 108 |
9 Conclusion | 134 |
EXAMPLES OF TRANSFERENCE | 137 |
METAPHORICAL COMMUNICATION | 141 |
2 Rules for Generating Metaphors | 142 |
3 From Metaphors to Analogies | 147 |
4 Conclusion | 158 |
ANALOGY AND TRUTH | 161 |
3 Logical Paraphrases for Metaphors | 164 |
4 Rules for Assigning TruthValues to Metaphors | 167 |
5 Metaphorical Identity is Relative Indiscernibility | 174 |
6 Conclusion | 178 |
INTENSIONS FOR METAPHORS | 180 |
METAPHOR AND INFERENCE | 183 |
3 Metaphor Justification | 188 |
4 Metaphor Interpretation | 196 |
5 Conclusion | 207 |
LEXICAL MEANINGS | 209 |
3 Metaphors Based on Perfect Analogies | 213 |
4 Inference to the Best Definition | 216 |
5 Informative TruthConditions | 220 |
6 Metaphors Based on Imperfect Analogies | 223 |
7 Conclusion | 225 |
CONCLUSION | 227 |
231 | |
249 | |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
The Logic of Metaphor: Analogous Parts of Possible Worlds Eric Steinhart Sin vista previa disponible - 2010 |
Términos y frases comunes
abductive inference abstract access phase analogical access analogical counterparts analogical inference analogical mapping analogical transference atom baby Black-Tourangeau car guzzles clusters cognitively meaningful conceptual fields conceptual graph conceptual network contains context Core Schema deduction-abduction definition Dominique Aury encoded entailments example false Figure function gives birth grammatical graph idea implication complex indexes indiscernibility individuals inductive arguments instance is)MET ISBN isomorphism John Juliet Kittay lexical literal logical space luminiferous ether match hypotheses meaning postulates memory mereological metaphor interpretation metaphorical meaning MIDWIFE analogy mind modality Molly n-place NETMET non-trivial NOUN1 NOUN2 occurrences PATIENT:image Pauline Reage plausible possible worlds predicate calculus properties proportional analogy propositions relations rules semantic sense sentences situations Socrates sortal source and target source field statements structure subsymbolic syntactically target field Theaetetus thematic roles theory of metaphor theory-constitutive metaphors tic-tac-toe tions truth truth-values UMET utterance verbs WAX TABLET womb
Referencias a este libro
Metaphern für das Gehirn: Eine kognitiv-linguistische Untersuchung Juliana Goschler Vista previa limitada - 2008 |