66.7 per cent, report the largest, and the English, with 4 per cent, the smallest, proportion.

Of those having 4 or more persons per sleeping room the Slovak households again report the largest proportion, or 44.4 per cent, while the English report no households having 4 or more persons per sleeping room.

None of the English or Irish households have 5 or more persons per sleeping room, as compared with 18.5 per cent of the Slovak and 14.1 per cent of the Croatian households.

None of the English, Irish, North Italian, or Swedish households have 6 or more persons per sleeping room, while the Croatian households report the largest, or 5.9 per cent.

The following table shows, by locality and by general nativity and race of head of household, the per cent of households having 3 or more persons per sleeping room.

TABLE 87.-Per cent of households having 3 or more persons per sleeping room, by locality and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The total number of foreign-born in the foregoing table, as compared with the total for the native-born, shows a much larger proportion of households whose heads are of foreign birth, for the industry as a whole and for all localities, having 3 or more persons per sleeping room. Among the several races the Bohemian and Moravian and Polish households have a less percentage with 3 or more persons per sleeping room in Chicago than in South Omaha, while the reverse is shown by the Germans. The greatest degree of congestion in sleeping quarters is shown in Kansas City, in which locality 48.9 per cent of German and 63.6 per cent of Polish households have 3 or more persons per sleeping room. Of the three races shown, the worst showing in each locality relative to the crowding in sleeping rooms is shown by the Polish in Chicago and Kansas City, and by the Bohemian and Moravian households in South Omaha. The Poles also make a very poor exhibit in South Omaha, 55.2 per cent of their households in that city having 3 or more persons per sleeping room.

The following table shows, by locality and by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per sleeping

room:

TABLE 88.--Average number of persons per sleeping room, by locality and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 10 or more households reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The total number of households whose heads were foreign-born show a higher average number of persons per sleeping room in each locality than the households with heads of native birth. In the case of both the native and foreign households, the highest average number of persons per sleeping room is shown in Kansas City, the average for the native-born per sleeping room in that locality being 2.34 as compared with 3.04 for the foreign-born. In that city, among the foreign households, this congestion per sleeping room is probably due to the high average shown by both the German and Polish households, the former having an average of 3.01 persons per sleeping room, and the latter 3.04 persons. Each of the four races representing the households whose heads were foreign-born report a higher average number of persons per sleeping room in South Omaha than in Chicago. The Irish households show the lowest average in Kansas City, and the Bohemian and Moravian, German, and Polish households in Chicago. The households whose heads were native-born of native father exhibit the smallest amount of crowding in sleeping rooms in Chicago than in South Omaha or Kansas City.

The two tables next submitted exhibit the effect of crowding upon living arrangements, a small proportion of households having none, and a large proportion only one room in addition to those used for sleeping quarters available for cooking, eating, and general living purposes. The table which immediately follows shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of

rooms.

TABLE 89.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Upon information secured from 1,039 households, the average number of rooms per household is 4.07 and the average number of sleeping rooms is 2.04. A very small per cent use all the rooms for sleeping, a much larger per cent use all except one, and a still larger use all except two, while 28.4 have more than two rooms not used as sleeping rooms. It is seen that the average number of rooms per household is smaller in the foreign-born than in the native-born of foreign father, and the average number per household of the nativeborn of native father is slightly larger than in those of native-born of foreign father. The average number of sleeping rooms per household is slightly larger in foreign households than in the native-born of foreign father, and this in turn is slightly larger than is shown for households of the native-born of native father. A slightly larger proportion of the foreign-born use all rooms for sleeping purposes than of the native-born of native father, and a much larger proportion use all except one room for sleeping.

Of the foreign-born reporting complete data, the English, with an average of 5.12 rooms per household, are the highest, closely followed by the Swedes and Irish, and the Slovaks, with 3.07 rooms per household, are the lowest. The Roumanians have the highest number of sleeping rooms per household, and the Russians the lowest. The Slovaks, with 11.1 per cent, report the highest per cent of house

holds sleeping in all rooms, and the English, Irish, North Italians, Lithuanians, and Swedes, with none, the lowest. The Croatians and Poles show a very large per cent of households sleeping in all rooms except one, closely followed by the Slovaks, while the Swedes, with 3.6 per cent, show the lowest. The North Italians show the largest proportion of households using all but two rooms for sleeping, and Poles the smallest. The Swedes show the largest proportion, 67.8 per cent, of households, closely followed by the English, having more than two rooms not used as sleeping rooms, while the Slovaks, with 3.8 per cent, show the smallest.

The following table shows, according to locality and by general nativity and race of head of household, the per cent of households sleeping in all rooms or all except one room.

TABLE 90.-Per cent of households regularly sleeping in all rooms, or all except 1 room, by locality and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.]

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Upon referring to the totals in the preceding table, the greatest degree of congestion in sleeping quarters, both for native-born and foreign-born, is seen to prevail in Kansas City. Of the households whose heads were native-born, 17.8 per cent in Kansas City sleep in all rooms or all but one room, as compared with 41.9 per cent of the households whose heads were of foreign birth. In Chicago and South Omaha also a much larger proportion of the foreign households than of native-born use all rooms or all but one for sleeping purposes; 12.3 per cent of the foreign-born as compared with 4 per cent of the native-born in Chicago, and 38.7 per cent of the foreign-born. as against 7.7 per cent of the native-born in South Omaha, are found to be sleeping in all rooms or all but one. The Poles in each city show a comparatively large proportion of their households using all rooms or all except one for sleeping purposes while the Germans show a somewhat larger per cent of their households in South Omaha than in Kansas City, and the Bohemians and Moravians a considerably larger percentage in South Omaha than in Chicago, sleeping in all rooms or all rooms but one.