CHAPTER I.-KING AND PARLIAMENT

CHAPTER II.-THE NEW MODEL ARMY AND THE PRESBYTERIANS

CHAPTER III.—THE NEW MODEL ARMY AND THE KING.

CHAPTER IV.-THE LAST YEARS OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT.

CHAPTER V.-THE NOMINATED PARLIAMENT AND THE PROTECTORATE

CHAPTER VI.-A PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUTION.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Frontispiece.

OLIVER CROMWELL, fac-simile in colours from the painting by Robert Walker, in
the collection of Earl Spencer at Althorp Park, Northamptonshire.

1.-OLIVER CROMWELL, from the drawing on vellum in the collection of the Duke of

Devonshire, at Devonshire House, London, page

OLIVER CROMWELL, aged two years, from the original panel in the collection of

Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire, facing page

ROBERT CROMWELL, father of Oliver Cromwell, from a painting ascribed to Robert

Walker, in the collection of the Earl of Sandwich, at Hinchingbrooke, facing page

MRS. CROMWELL (ELIZABETH STEWART), mother of Oliver Cromwell, from a paint-

ing ascribed to Robert Walker, in the collection of the Earl of Sandwich,

at Hinchingbrooke, facing page.

FAC-SIMILE OF Letter of OLIVER CROMWELL TO MR. STORIE, dated St. Ives,
11th January, 1635-6, being the earliest extant letter in Cromwell's hand-
writing, from the original MS. in the British Museum, facing page

1

2

4

6

8

214

Group of five MINIATURES. (At top) JOHN SELDEN, from the original in the Duke
of Buccleuch's collection, at Montagu House; below, on left) SERJEANT,
afterwards SIR JOHN MAYNARD, from the original in the Duke of Buccleuch's
collection, at Montagu House; (below, on right) ROBERT DEVEREUX, EARL OF
ESSEX, from the original in the Royal collection at Windsor Castle; (in centre)
JOHN HAMPDEN, from the original in the Royal collection at Windsor Castle;
(at bottom) JOHN PYM, from the original by Samuel Cooper, in the collec-
tion of Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckingham-
shire, facing page

ARCHIBALD, FIRST MARQUIS OF ARGYLE, from the painting in the collection of the
Marquis of Lothian, at Newbattle Abbey, Dalkeith, facing page
EDWARD, SECOND EARL OF MANCHESTER, from a painting by Vandyke, in the col-
lection of the Duke of Manchester, at Kimbolton Castle, facing page
OLIVER CROMWELL, from the plaster mask said to have been taken during life, in
the collection of Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley, at Chequers Court, Buck-
inghamshire, page

II. CORNET JOYCE, from the painting in the collection of Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley,
at Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire, page.

PRINCE RUPERT, from the painting by Vandyke, in the collection of the Earl of
Sandwich, at Hinchingbrooke, facing page.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL HENRY IRETON, from the painting by Robert Walker, in the
collection of Mrs. B. M. Beadnell (née Polhill), at Sundridge, near Seven-
oaks, facing page.

MRS. IRETON (BRIDGET CROMWELL), eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, from the
painting by Sir Peter Lely, in the collection of Mrs. B. M. Beadnell (née
Polhill), at Sundridge, Kent, facing page .

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM WALLER, from the painting by Sir Peter Lely, in
the collection of the Duke of Richmond and Gordon, at Goodwood House,
Sussex, facing page.

OLIVER CROMWELL, from the painting by Robert Walker, in the collection of the
Earl of Sandwich, at Hinchingbrooke, facing page.

64

OBVERSE AND REVERSE OF NAVAL REWARD, for Admiral Blake's victories over the
Dutch, 1652-3, from the original in the collection at Wadham College,
Oxford, page.

III.-MRS. CLAYPOLE (ELIZABETH CROMWELL), second daughter of Oliver Cromwell,
from the miniature by Samuel Cooper (signed "S. C., 1653"), in the collection
of the Duke of Devonshire, at Devonshire House, London, page
GENERAL SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX, from the painting by Robert Walker, in the col-
lection of Earl Spencer, at Althorp Park, Northamptonshire, facing page
THE EARL OF LAUDERDALE (on right) and the EARL OF LANARK, afterwards second
DUKE OF HAMILTON, from the painting by Cornelius Janssen in the National
Portrait Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, facing page.

JAMES, first DUKE OF HAMILTON, from the painting by Vandyke, in the collection of
the Duke of Hamilton, at Hamilton Palace, facing page

HENRY MARTEN (on left), after Sir Peter Lely; JOHN BRADSHAW (on right), after
Robert Walker, from the paintings in the collection of Lord Ribblesdale, at
Gisburne Park, Clitheroe, Yorkshire, facing page
LIEUTENANT-ADMIRAL MARTEN HARPERTSZOON TROMP, Obverse plate of chased and
embossed Medal by O. Muller, in the collection of Mrs. Frankland-Russell-
Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire, page.

IV. OLIVER CROMWELL, from the marble bust ascribed to Bernini, formerly in Lord
Revelstoke's collection, but presented in 1898 to the House of Commons by
Mr. Charles Wertheimer, page .

104

109

111

GENERAL GEORGE MONK, from the miniature by Samuel Cooper, in the Royal col-
lection at Windsor Castle, facing page.

128

GROUP OF FIVE MINIATURES, in the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch, at Mon-
tagu House. (At top) SIR HENRY VANE, the younger; (in centre) JOHN MILTON;
(on left) JOHN THURLOE; (on right) ALGERNON SIDNEY; at bottom) ANDREW
MARVELL, after F Cleyn, facing page.

140

SECOND SEAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH, Reverse, with view of the House of Com-
mons, from an impression in wax in the British Museum, page

141

V. HENRY CROMWELL, from the painting in the collection of Mrs. Frankland-Russell-
Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire, page

143

144

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN LAMBERT, from the painting by Robert Walker, in the
National Portrait Gallery, facing page.

REV. JOHN OWEN, DD., from the painting, probably by Robert Walker, in the
National Portrait Gallery, facing page

GROUP OF SIX MINIATURES, in the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch, at Mon-
tagu House, London. (At top, on left), RICHARD, son of Oliver Cromwell,
whom he succeeded as Protector, from the original; (at top, on right) MARY,
third daughter of Oliver Cromwell, from the original; (in centre) OLIVER
CROMWELL, from the unfinished original by Samuel Cooper; (below, on left)
MRS. ELIZABETH CROMWELL, wife of Oliver Cromwell, from the original by
Samuel Cooper; below, on right) ELIZABETH, second daughter of Oliver Crom-
well, from the original; (at bottom) HENRY, youngest son of Oliver Cromwell,
from the original by Samuel Cooper, facing page
GROUP OF FOUR MINIATURES, in the Royal collection at Windsor Castle. (At top)
MRS. ELIZABETH CROMWELL, mother of Oliver Cromwell, from the original by
John Hoskins (signed); (on left MARY, third daughter of Oliver Cromwell,
afterwards Lady Fauconberg, from the original by Lawrence Crosse (signed);
(on right) ELIZABETH, second daughter of Oliver Cromwell, afterwards Mrs.
Claypole, from the original by Samuel Cooper (signed); (at bottom) BRIDGET,
eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, afterwards Mrs. Ireton and Mrs. Fleet-
wood, from the original by Lawrence Crosse (signed), facing page
GENERAL CHARLES FLEETWOOD (on left), from the painting in the collection of the
Society of Antiquaries, London; MAJOR-GENERAL DISBROWE on right), from
the painting in the collection of Miss Disbrowe, at Walton Hall, near Burton-
on-Trent, facing page

150

160

168

172

SEAL OF THE PROTECTORATE, Obverse, with the arms of Cromwell, from an im-
pression in wax in the British Museum, page

VI. RICHARD CROMWELL, from the painting by Robert Walker, in the collection of
Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire, page
OLIVER CROMWELL, from the painting by Sir Peter Lely, in the Pitti Gallery,
Florence, facing page

NATHANIEL FIENNES, from the painting by Mirevelt, in the collection of Lord Saye
and Sele, at Broughton Castle, near Banbury, Oxfordshire, facing page.
MRS. FLEETWOOD, formerly MRS. IRETON (BRIDGET CROMWELL), eldest daughter
of Oliver Cromwell, from the painting by Cornelius Janssen, in the collec-
tion of Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckingham-
shire, facing page.

LADY FAUCONBERG (MARY CROMWELL), third daughter of Oliver Cromwell, from
the painting by Cornelius Janssen, in the collection of Mrs. Frankland-
Russell-Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire, facing page.

175

177

180

188

190

192

FAC-SIMILE OF LETTER OF OLIVER CROMWELL TO CARDINAL MAZARIN, 4th De-
cember, 1657, from the original MS. in the Morrison collection, facing page
OLIVER CROMWELL, from the original panel by Samuel Cooper, at Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge, facing page.

MRS. CLAYPOLE (ELIZABETH CROMWELL), second daughter of Oliver Cromwell,
from the painting by Joseph Michael Wright (1658), in the National Portrait
Gallery, facing page.

194

196

200

LADY RUSSELL, formerly MRS. RICH (FRANCES CROMWELL), fourth daughter of
Oliver Cromwell, from the painting in the collection of Mrs. Frankland-
Russell-Astley, at Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire, facing page.
"THE EMBLEME OF ENGLAND'S DISTRACTIONS," from a first state of the engraving
by William Faithorne, in the British Museum, facing page.
SEAL OF THE PROTECTORATE, Reverse, with representation of Oliver Cromwell on
horseback, from an impression in wax in the British Museum, page.

206

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