The wished smile, so rapturously kiss'd All trembling kiss'd. The book and writer both CANTO VI. ARGUMENT. On his recovery, the Poet finds himself in the third circle, where the gluttonous are punished. Their torment is, to lie in the mire, under a continual and heavy storm of hail, snow, and discoloured water; Cerberus meanwhile barking over them with his threefold throat, and rending them piecemeal. One of these, who on earth was named Čiacco, foretells the divisions with which Florence is about to be distracted. Dante proposes a question to his guide, who solves it; and they proceed towards the fourth circle. My sense reviving3, that erewhile had droop'd With pity for the kindred shades, whence grief O'ercame me wholly, straight around I see New torments, new tormented souls, which way Soe'er I move, or turn, or bend my sight. In the third circle I arrive, of showers Ceaseless, accursed, heavy and cold, unchanged For ever, both in kind and in degree. Large hail, discolour'd water, sleety flaw We read no more.] Nothing can exceed the delicacy with which Francesca in these words intimates her guilt. 2 And like a corse fell to the ground.] E caddi, come corpo morto cade. So Pulci: E cadde come morto in terra cade. And Ariosto: Morgante Maggiore, c. xxii. E cada, come corpo morto cade. Orl. Fur. c. ii. st. 55. "And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead." Revelation, i. 17. 3 My sense reviving.] Al tornar della mente, che si chiuse, Dinanzi alla pietà de' duo cognati. Berni has made a sportive application of these lines, in his Orl. Inn. lib. iii. c. viii. st. 1. Through the dun midnight air stream'd down amain: Stank all the land whereon that tempest fell. Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange, Through his wide threefold throat, barks as a dog Over the multitude immersed beneath. His eyes glare crimson, black his unctuous beard, The other screening, oft they roll them round, His jaws, and the fangs show'd us; not a limb To swallow it; so dropp'd the loathsome cheeks 1 That great worm.] Juxta-infernum vermis erat infinitæ magnitudinis ligatus maximâ catenâ. Alberici Visio, § 9. In Canto xxxiv. Lucifer is called The abhorred worm, that boreth through the world. This is imitated by Ariosto, Orl. Fur. c. xlvi. st. 76. Shakspeare, Milton, and Cowper, who well understood that the most common words are often the most impressive, have used the synonymous term in our language with the best effect; as Pindar has done in Greek: ̓Απὸ Ταϋγέτου μὲν Λάκαιναν ἐπὶ θηρσὶ κόνα τρέχειν πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν. Heyne's Pindar. Fragm. Epinic. ii. 2. In Hieron. Me who thou art, that in a place so sad Thy city, heap'd with envy to the brim, : Just one inhabit there and tell the cause, 1 Ciacco.] So called from his inordinate appetite; Ciacco, in Italian, signifying a pig. The real name of this glutton has not been transmitted to us. He is introduced in Boccaccio's Decameron, Giorn. ix. Nov. 8. 2 The divided city.] The city of Florence, divided into the Bianchi and Neri factions. 3 The wild party from the woods.] So called, because it was headed by Veri de' Cerchi, whose family had lately come into the city from Acone, and the woody country of the Val di Nievole. 4 The other.] The opposite party of the Neri, at the head of which was Corso Donati. 5 This must fall.] The Bianchi. 6 Three solar circles.] Three years. 7 Of one, who under shore Now rests.] Charles of Valois, by whose means the Neri were replaced. 8 The just are two in number.] Who these two were, the commentators are not agreed. Some understand them to be Dante himself and his friend Guido Cavalcanti. But this But they neglected. Avarice, envy, pride', They who so well deserved; of Giacopo3, Their minds on working good. Oh! tell me where If heaven's sweet cup, or poisonous drug of hell, This said, his fixed eyes he turn'd askance, When thus my guide: "No more his bed he leaves, would argue a presumption, which our Poet himself elsewhere contradicts; for, in the Purgatory, he owns his consciousness of not being exempted from one at least of "the three fatal sparks, which had set the hearts of all on fire." See Canto xiii. 126. Others refer the encomium to Barduccio and Giovanni Vespignano, adducing the following passage from Villani in support of their opinion: "In the year 1331 died in Florence two just and good men, of holy life and conversation, and bountiful in almsgiving, although laymen. The one was named Barduccio, and was buried in S. Spirito, in the place of the Frati Romitani: the other, named Giovanni da Vespignano, was buried in S. Pietro Maggiore. And by each, God showed open miracles, in healing the sick and lunatic after divers manners; and for each there was ordained a solemn funeral, and many images of wax set up in discharge of vows that had been made." G. Villani, lib. x. cap. 179. 1 Avarice, envy, pride.] Invidia, superbia ed avarizia Vedea moltiplicar tra mici figliuoli. Fazio degli Uberti, Dittamondo, lib. i. cap. xxix. 2 Of Farinata and Tegghiaio.] and Canto xvi. and Notes. 3 Giacopo.] Giacopo Rusticucci. See Canto xvi. and Notes. 4 Arrigo, Mosca.] Of Arrigo, who is said by the commentators to have been of the noble family of the Fifanti, no mention afterwards occurs. Mosca degli Uberti, or de' Lamberti, is introduced in Canto xxviii. Ere the last angel-trumpet blow. The Power He then: "Consult thy knowledge3; that decides, m CANTO VII. ARGUMENT. In the present Canto, Dante describes his descent into the fourth circle, at the beginning of which he sees Plutus stationed. Here one like doom awaits the prodigal and the avaricious; which is, to meet in direful conflict, rolling great weights against each other with mutual upbraidings. From hence Virgil takes occasion to show how vain the goods that are committed into the charge of Fortune; and this moves our author to inquire what being that Fortune is, of whom he speaks: which question being resolved, they go down into the fifth circle, where they find the wrathful and gloomy tormented in the Stygian lake. Having made a compass round great part of this lake, they come at last to the base of a lofty tower. 1 Resume.] Imitated by Frezzi : Allor ripiglieran la carne e l'ossa; Il Quadr. lib. iv. cap. xv. 2 Touching.] Conversing, though in a slight and superficial manner, on the life to come. 3 Consult thy knowledge.] We are referred to the following passage in St. Augustin:-" Cum fiet resurrectio carnis, et bonorum gaudia et malorum tormenta majora erunt.' the resurrection of the flesh, both the happiness of the good and the torments of the wicked will be increased." At |