naked, and some Camp-Kettels, but was disappointed in all.

"On the 18th I returned to Alston's, where I spent the evening. On the morning of the 19th, I set off for this place. I came by the small house in the road, mentioned in Letter 227, which turned out to be the nearest way I could take. He again pressed me to dismount and take breakfast and a glass of Brandy, and was so much prepossessed in his favour, that I could not refuse. The gentleman is called Colonel Palmer, a most amiable character. I was however, mistaken in his Country, which was very easy, he is an Englishman, educated in Scotland. Every thing in his house appeared genteel; the furniture rich. I breakfasted and spent an hour very agreeably. I found him to be a man of education, and who was almost a universal traveler; and knew the World and had read mankind well. He was easy in address and had a great flow of spirits; he has an agreeable wife and a fine son about ten years old. He lives here retired and has improved the place much.

"I arrived at Doctor King's just after dark, and found that agreeable family well,-with the addition of the company of Capt Pearce.

"WILLIAMSBOROUGH N. C.

"March 20th 1782."

[LETTER 236.]

"I took a walk to the town in order to recreate myself, and when I drew near I heard a man crying out one hundred pounds! who bids any more?' I drew near the circle, there stood a mulatto slave for sale; he was about forty years of age, of a good presence, but his countenance fallen. One hundred and five pounds, God help thee thought I! 'Are you strong,' says one-he looked down at his legs and thighs he seemed to have been half starved. His lip quivered; my heart sympathized with him. 'One hundred and ten pounds! What, no body give any more for this slave who may live these twenty years.' God knows, he looked much more likely to die in five. 'Twas not sufficient to sell

him like a brute; he was jeered and insulted in his distress. He seemed to have a feeling for his own situation, the tears ran trickling down his cheeks 'till his rags in front was quite wet. The most of the slaves in this part of the World seem to be clothed in rags, if you can call it clothing. They have but one suit a year given them;-I mean those that are the best clad,—some have not that. It is a shirt-jacket and breeches made out of coarse cotton, Ill spun, badly wove, and worse made. It commonly lasts about a month. Heavens! is this Liberty?-is this the Land of Liberty, I've been fighting for these six years? 'Tis but the name. Where so many thousands are held in perpetual slavery and what is worse no measures taken to alter it-The slaves are kept in total ignorance, they hardly know there is a God, a great sin in a country so enlightened as ours. But I am of the opinion that it would be somewhat difficult to alter it at present.

"I am now in readiness to move; and expect to march in a day or two after a stay of three months and as many weeks. My next packet I expect will be on the road or perhaps not till I arrive at the Southern Army.

WILLIAMSBOROUGH N. C. "March 21" 1782."

[LETTER 237.]

"I am once more on my march and should be exceeding happy if I had company. I left Williamsborough and all my friends there on the 22nd instant, and arrived at Major Potter's. On the morning of the 23rd bid adieu to that kind family and proceeded to Hillsborough; had some difficulty in getting five days provisions. I myself crossed Tar River and lodged with an honest, plain old gentleman, of the name of Gauze who had three or four awkward daughters. I rode with two of them as far as their church on the morning of the 24th, and arrived at Col. Stephen Moore's in the afternoon. I was highly diverted with their coarse simplicity. Col. Moore is a plain man, but one who knows the World, and is a man of business, he is D. Q' Mr to the State

of North Carolina. His house is beautifully situated on a hill, which commands a view of the whole Country round. On the morning of the 25th, I was surprised to find it was snowing very hard, which continued all the day and caused me to halt. The peach-trees were in full blossom, and covered with snow, you could see a blush of red through it, which to me was a lively resemblance of beauty in distress, and in distress they truly were, for a like accident happened them about a week before I marched and killed the most of them. It is a mere accident in this Country to have a good fruit year, on account of the changeable weather, which is some days like Summer, and the next perhaps as cold as Winter-a very hard frost followed in the evening.

"On the 26th we marched on, crossed Flat River and Little River, at fording places, and took Hillsborough in my way, according to promise with expectation of meeting with Lieut. Blewer and company according to appointment made at Halifax. This being a day after the time, I began to conclude they had again changed their mind, which had before veered like a weather-cock with every wind. It would not have troubled me in the least had they not deceived me with regard to my arms and ammunition. I spent the evening with Co' Few, a member of Congress from Georgia, and several North Carolina officers, and gentlemen of the town. I retired to bed soon, as I had been very unwell for several days and still continued.

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Hillsborough takes its name from its situation, being surrounded with hills on all sides. It is built on the declivity of a hill and contains about 40 houses, some of which are tolerable genteel; there is a good Church and a small Market house, which is stockaded at present and a guard kept in it, to secure the town against one Fanning, an outlaw, horsethief, murderer, and a British Colonel; 'tis such men as these they have employed and commissioned, to carry their favorite scheme of reducing this Country; and not only employed the Savages, but do encourage our own slaves to run away from their Masters, and then arm them to cut their throats. I believe no power ever fell upon such

low methods to carry on a war and reduce a Country as England has since the commencement of this. This fellow has a range of forty miles, and the most of the inhabitants within it are his friends, (a poor ignorant set); and he was himself a servant in this neighborhood, and always a noted villian. He can muster upon occasions forty odd men, men who have deserved the gallows, (the most of them), and have joined him and become desperate, knowing if they are taken, they will be hung. Their cruelties exceed anything I have heard of, for where they have a pique, they murder men and women. A few days ago he came to a place where there was a wedding, called a young fellow out, shot him on the spot, and endeavoured to make his horse trample on the dead body, but the horse being less of the brute than his master, could not be prevailed upon to do it. He has the advantage of any party that is sent against him, having stolen the fastest running horse in the country, which he keeps always ready for himself and minions.

(To be continued.)

FORMATION OF WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.

[A paper read before the State Society of the Cincinnati of New Jersey, February 22, 1897, by Rev. George S. Mott, D.D., First VicePresident of the New Jersey Historical Society.]

The weary and painful struggle of the Revolutionary contest awakened in the heart of Washington the warmest love towards the whole country, and at the close of the war arose deep emotions of patriotic solicitude for the continuance of the gains of victory. These feelings expressed themselves in three special addresses or deliverances.

The first was a circular letter addressed to the Governor of each State, on June 8, 1783. The immediate subject was the difficulties connected with the dissolution of an army of unpaid soldiers. But he proceeded to press upon the consideration of the Governors four points, which he pronounced "The pillars of the Nation." First, an indissoluble union of the States under one federal head of increased energy. Second, a sacred regard to public justice in discharging the obligations assumed by Congress. Third, adoption of a proper peace establishment for the whole country. Fourth, the cultivation of a friendly policy among the people, which should lead to mutual concessions for the general prosperity. This was an admirable preparation for the trying ordeal to which he foresaw they would be subjected.

The second paper was his Farewell Address to the army, when he withdrew from the command thereof, November 2, 1783. This is a paternal farewell to his comrades in arms, full of sympathy, and designed to render them patriotic and patient citizens, even as they had been faithful soldiers amid the privations of many campaigns.

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The third notable address is that which is known as Washington's Farewell Address to the American People,"