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2. Give a list of the constituents of brick earths, stating the action of each in brickmaking. (12) 3. Describe, either in words or by sketches, the meaning of the following terms: lacing-course, tile-creasing, brick-nogging, corbelling, and indenttoothing. (12)

4. The annexed diagram (Fig. 213) is the plan of a 21-brick wall English bond, intersected by a 11-brick wall single Flemish bond. Draw the alternate courses to a scale of 11" to 1', showing Flemish bond at A.

(14)

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section through A—A (Fig. 214), showing how the hearth is carried.

(14)

6. Name some limes that might be classified under the following headings : feebly, ordinarily, and eminently hydraulic, saying for what purpose each lime would be best suited. (12)

7. Draw to a scale of a plan and cross-section of an inspection chamber for an ordinary dwelling-house, stating what steps you would take to make it water-tight.

(14)

8. Draw the upper part of a 2′ 6′′ window, showing moulded reveals, and a moulded segment arch 12" face, 41′′ soffit, and 9" rise. Scale, full size.

(14) 9. How are bricks salt-glazed and enamelled? For what purposes would each be used? (12)

10. Draw to a scale of 1" to 1' the elevation of a camber or straight arch, 14" on the face and 9" soffit, for a 3' opening.

(14)

11. Taking the wall in No. 10 as 18" in thickness, draw to the same scale

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the elevation of a relieving arch, such as would be used behind the above, showing three 41" brick rings, lintel and brick core, and stating the use of the two latter.

(14) 12. Taking Nos. 10 and 11 in relation to each other, draw their section to a scale of 11" to 1'. (12) 13. To a scale of 11" to 1' fill in the annexed plans A and B (Fig. 215) with alternate courses of English bond; also give six courses in elevation. (18) 14. Draw to a scale of full size the alternate courses of a chimney stack, consisting of three flues, one 14" by 9", the other two 9" square; 41′′ work only.

K

(14)

1898.

ORDINARY GRADE.

1. A and B (Fig. 216) are plans of alternate courses of a 11-brick wall English bond. Draw A to a scale of, making any necessary alterations, and fill in the next course on B.

A

(14) 2. A 12-brick wall is to be built in Flemish bond. Draw the section and

FIG. 216.

B

part plan of its footings to a scale of 1" to 1'.

(14)

3. What is hydraulic lime? Where would you use it, and why? (12)

4. Give a description of the kind of sand you would use to mix with Portland cement. (12)

5. Draw to a scale of half the elevation of a moulded segment arch for a 3' opening. The moulding to be 21", the face of arch 12", the rise 3", and the soffit 41". Also show four top courses of the reveal and skewback in Flemish bond. (16) 6. Describe the manufacture of any brick with which you are acquainted. (12)

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7. A (Fig. 217) is the plan of a chimney stack. Draw to a scale of " to 1' two successive courses in English bond.

(14) 8. Give sketches of a corbel, string course, lacing course, and sailing course.

(12)

9. Draw to a scale of " to 1' a section of an egg-shaped sewer, consisting of two 4" brick rings, with a terra-cotta invert. Internal height 3'.

(16)

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10. Show by sketches how wooden basement floors are carried, and the means you would adopt to prevent them suffering from dry rot.

(14)

11. Annexed (Fig. 218) is the plan of a 11-brick wall in English bond, with a gauged pilaster projecting from it. Draw the alternate courses to a scale

of 1.

(16)

12. Plan of a fireplace (Fig. 219). To a scale of 1" to 1' draw the alternate courses, showing the bonding you would adopt.

(14)

1899.

ORDINARY GRADE.

1. To a scale of 11" to 1' draw plans of a 11-brick wall at the square angle of a building. Double Flemish bond. (14) 2. Describe, and illustrate by sketches, how you would build a circularfronted copper in the angle of a scullery. (14) 3. Draw to a 1" scale the elevation of an equilateral or Gothic arch, 12′′ on the face, for a 3′ opening, showing in the one arch two ways of filling in. State which you think is the better way of the two, and why?

(14)

4. A (Fig. 220) is the plan of one side of a window opening. Draw A, filling in the joints, and also the course above, to a scale of 11" to 1'. English bond. (12) 5. A and B (Fig. 221) are successive courses of a 11-brick wall, with Flemish bond at C, and English bond on the other side. Draw to a scale of, showing how you would place the bricks.

A

FIG. 220.

C

A

FIG. 221.

(14)

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6. A wall is to be built of bricks, laid in lime mortar. Perfect workmanship being necessary, give a description of the materials, and state all that should be done in connection with the work to attain the desired end.

(14)

7. What are transverse joints in brickwork? Would you prefer, for the sake of strength, that they should be broken or unbroken? Demonstrate your answer by sketches. (12) 8. To a scale of " to 1' draw the elevation of a plain segmental arch, 14′′ on the face, for a 3' opening. The rise to be 12". (12)

9. How many bricks, and how much lime and sand, are required in a reduced rod or 113 cubic yards of stock brickwork, the mortar consisting of three of sand to one of lime? What would be the approximate weight? (16)

10. What is the size of a plain tile, and what are valley and hip tiles? What is meant by gauge in tiling? Lap being given, how would you obtain the gauge? (12) 11. To the scale of 1" to 1' draw the cross-section of a hollow wall 3' high, with its footings. The inside wall to be 9", the cavity 21", and the outside wall 41", the two walls being connected by vitrified bonding bricks. Also show how you would provide for ventilation under the basement floor. Are there other modes of tieing hollow walls?

(16)

12. Draw the cross-section and part plan of footings for a 2-brick wall. No offset to be less than 21". Scale 3" to 1'.

(12,

1900.

ORDINARY GRADE.

1. At the square angle of a building, and to a scale of 1" to 1', draw the successive courses a 14-brick wall, with Flemish bond facing and English backing. (14)

2. Demonstrate fully by sketches which of the two bonds is the stronger, English or double Flemish. (12) 3. What is meant by "larrying up," "flushing up," and "grouting," in brickwork? In what special cases would each be used, and which do you consider the strongest for ordinary work?

(12) 4. To a scale of 14" to a foot draw the elevation of a plain camber arch, 12" on the face, for a 3′ opening. State what camber you would give the soffit, and the amount of skewback you would allow, giving the reason in each (16) 5. A and B (Fig. 222) are plans of successive courses of a basement fireplace. Fill in the bonding to a scale of 11′′ to 1'.

case.

18"

(16)

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6. Taking the diagram A in the above question, and supposing the floor-level to be 2'6" above the concrete which covers the whole of the basement, show, to a scale of, both on plan and section, how the front and back hearths are usually carried. (14) 7. How is Portland cement manufactured? and what are the usual tests for quality? (12) 8. Draw, full size, four ordinary mortar joints in brickwork. What is the difference between struck-joint work and pointed work? Give the advantages and disadvantages of each.

(14) 9. Name four different bricks with which you are acquainted, and state, if samples of each were submitted to you, how you would test them for quality.

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(12)

10. A 3' door opening is to be covered by a 3" lintel and a relieving arch in three 4" rings. Draw the elevation to a scale of 1" to 1', giving the arch a 9" rise. Does the lintel and core affect the strength of the arch? (14)

11. Show, both on plan and section, how you would timber for a trench 11' deep by 6' wide in running sand. Figure in the scantlings.

(14)

12. The annexed diagram (Fig. 223) is the section of a hollow brick wall. Draw it, to a scale of " to 1', making any alterations you may deem necessary. Give detail sketches of as many ties as you know for bonding the 41′′ with the 9" work. Also show how you would ventilate under the wooden basement floor. (18)

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