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LESSON XXXV

Little cloud athwart the sky,
What's the news up there so high?
Master wants to cut his grain;
Can you tell how soon 'twill rain?

I WRITTEN

Notice the contractions what's and 'twill for what is and it will. Do you see that Little cloud athwart the sky is all used in address? Athwart is a rather unusual word meaning across. Notice the two couplets and the riming words. Write from memory, and verify.

II WRITTEN Write five sentences, using in each a name in direct address. Have some of these names made up of several words. Look thru your readers for ideas to help you in this. How many commas do you use if the name in direct address comes just at the beginning or just at the end of a sentence?

III ORAL Read from your readers examples of direct address. Repeat any weather-rimes that you know.

Doctor Faustus was a good man,

He whipped his scholars now and then;
When he whipped them, he made them dance
Out of Scotland into France,

Out of France into Spain,

And then he whipped them back again.

LESSON XXXVI

Lady-bird, lady-bird,
Fly away home!

Your house is on fire!

Your children will burn!

I WRITTEN Study the rime till you know it. Notice the hyphen in lady-bird. Why are exclamation points used? Write from memory, and verify.

[blocks in formation]

III ORAL Do you know any other rimes about the lady-bird or lady-bug, as it is sometimes called? If you do, repeat them. The most common lady-bird is a beetle, red and black, or orange and black. When one of these alights on the hand, folk-lore teaches all who wish good luck to repeat the above rime.

A RIDDLE

Over the water,

And under the water,

And always with its head down.

LESSON XXXVII

Hush-a-by, Baby, lie still with thy daddy,
Thy mammy has gone to the mill
To get some meal to make a cake;

So pray, my dear Baby, lie still.

I WRITTEN Study the rime. Note that baby and my dear baby are terms used in direct address. Usage differs as to caps in these terms. When Baby is used instead of the real name, capitalize it. Note the hyphens in hush-a-by. The independent statement in the last line is introduced by so. Write from memory, and verify.

II WRITTEN Copy the following, noticing where caps are used:

I am coming, Father.

Oh dear, Mother, I will go.
Well, Brother, here we are.
I am going now, Sister.
O Mother! I will go.
May I borrow your book,
sister Jane?

My very kind father helped

me.

What is home without a
mother?

I have a dear little sister.
Where is your grandfather?
Is your uncle here?

III ORAL Look thru your readers and try to decide just how terms of relationship are capitalized. Discuss the subject in class, and decide upon your own usage.

LESSON XXXVIII

Polly, the milkmaid,
Comes over the plain;

She fills up her milk-pails
And then back again.

I WRITTEN There is something new today. The word milkmaid explains who Polly was, without actually stating it. We call milkmaid an appositive, or we say it is in apposition with Polly. If these terms are new to you, be sure to learn them thoroly. Observe the commas which set off the appositive. Notice that milkmaid is written without a hyphen, and milk-pails is written with a hyphen. This is because milkmaid has been more used than milkpails, and so we have come to think of milkmaid as one word. Write from memory, and verify.

Rule 16 Set off by commas appositives of more than one word.

My son John has no comma, for the appositive John is only one word.

II WRITTEN

Point off the following sentences:

1 Molly my sister and I fell out

2 John the youngest son was lost

3 I had a little maid the prettiest ever seen

4 Toby Sizer the old miser would not buy a cloak
5 Jim the giant grim wears a hat without a brim
6 Did you see my cousin Mary Lee

III ORAL Look thru your readers for other examples of appositives. Have three short ones ready to read in class.

LESSON XXXIX

Here am I,

Little Jumping Joan;

When nobody's with me
I'm always alone.

I WRITTEN Study the rime. Do you see that the comma, which you would expect after the appositive Joan, has given place to the semicolon? Observe the two contractions. How many words in the appositive? Pronounce Joan in one syllable to rime with alone. Write from memory, and verify.

II WRITTEN Copy and point the following sentences and set off the appositives by commas:

1 Arthur the king of England was much loved

2 Have you heard about John Gilpin the man who rode a race 3 Can you tell the story of Bo-peep the girl who kept sheep 4 I wish I were a robin a crimson-breasted robin

5 How welcome are the birds those messengers of spring

III ORAL Look thru your readers to find other examples of appositives. Bring these to class and read there. Try to find one in which the second comma has given place to a more important mark. Where have you seen a picture of Little Jumping Joan?

Ride a cock-horse to Banbury Cross
To see an old lady upon a white horse;
Rings on her fingers, and bells on her toes,
And so she makes music wherever she goes.

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