ķes, ade. emphatic; miye keś, as for me. See ke. ke'-yas, adv. although, so, even so. ke-yas'-toś, adv. at any rate, even if. ke'-za, adj. hard, smooth, trodden hard.

kin, v. a. to curry, bear, carry on the back, usually with a strap round the head or breast, wakin, yakin, unkinpi; kiçin, to carry one's own; kićifin, to carry for another. kin-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to carry,-kinwakiya. ko'-ġa, v. n. to rattle, make a rattling noise. koh, cont. of koga; koh iyeya. koh-ko'-ġa, v. red. of koga.

koh-koh', cont. of kolkoga.

koh-koh'-ya, ". to cause a rattling noise,―kohkohwaya.

koh-koh'-ya, adv. rattling.

kon, pron. dem. that. Both kon and cikon refer to the past, to something done or said before, or to some person or thing mentioned in a previous sentence as, wićaśta kon, that man; hepe ćikon, I said that.

1, the fourteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet. This letter is found only in proper names introduced into the language, and in the Titonwan dialect, where it is used altogether for 'd' and sometimes for 'n.' A few examples are here given.

la, v. to demand, i. q. da; kila, i. q. kida,—wala. la'-ka, v. i. q. daka,—walaka.

la-ka'-eś, adv. indeed, i. q. nakaeś. La-ko'-ta, n. Dakota.

la-tkan', v. i. q. datkan,-mlatkan.

la'-wa, v. i. q. dawa,-mlawa.

le, pron. this, i. q. de.

le, i. q. ye, the sign of the imperative.

m, the fifteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet. ma, pron. objective; me. It is also used with a class of neuter and adjective verbs, when it is translated by the nominative I; and with some nouns it is used as the possessive, my, mine. ma, or mah, intj. of calling; look here! attend! ma-ća', n. the red of the morning, the aurora, ma'-ġa, n. a cultivated spot, garden, field. ma-ġa', a goose, geese. ma-ġa'-ġa, v. n. to be amused.

ma-ġa'-ga-ki-ya, v. a. to amuse, comfort one,—

magagawakiya.

ma-ġa'-ġa-ya, v. a. to amuse, divert one,-magaġawaya; maġaġaiçiya, to amuse oneself,-magagamiçiya.

ma'-ġa-hu, n. corn-stalks.

ma-ġa'-ksi-ća, n. a duck, ducks, the generic

name.

ma-ġa'-pan-pan-na, n. the brand-goose or brant. So called from its peculiar voice, i. q. magaśekśećadan.

ma-ġa'-śapa, n. (maġá and sapa) the common wild goose.

ma-ġa'-se-kse-ća-dan, n. the brant.

magapanpanna.

Same as

ma-ġi'-ća-hin-te, n. (máġa and kahinta) a rake; a harrow.

ma-ġi’-ća-mna, n. (máġa and kamna) a hoe,

hoes.

ma-ġi'-na-ta-ke, n. (máġa and nataka) a fence, rails.

ma-ġi'-yu-hin-te, n. (máġa and yuhinta) α

ma-ġi'-yu-mdu, n. (máġa and yumdu) a plough. ma-hen', prep. within, in, into.

ma-hen'-un-pi, n. something worn within, a shirt, chemise.

ma-hen'-wa-pa, adv. inward, towards the inte

rior.

ma-he'-tan-han, adv. from within. ma-he'-ta-tan-han, adv. from within. ma-he'-tu, adv. within, inward, deep; i. q. temahetu.

ma-he'-tu-ya, adv. within, deep; i. q. temahetuya.

ma-he'-tu-ya-ken, adv. within.

mah, intj. of calling attention; look here! listen! mah, cont. of máġa and maġi.

mah-a'-ka-ta, v. to hoe, as corn,-mahawakata.

mah-éin'-ća, n. (magá and éinéa) the young of geese and ducks.

mah-i'-ća-hin-te, n. (mága and kahinta) rake; a harrow.

a

mah-ki'-ćan-yaŋ, v. (máġa and kićanyan) to work or till a field.

mah-pa'-żo, n. (máġa and paźo) a corn-hill, potato-hill.

ma-hpi'-hpi-ya, n. red. of malpiya; scattering clouds.

ma-hpi'-ya, n. the clouds; the sky; heaven, the heavens.

ma-hpi'-ya-sa-pa, n. black clouds. ma-hpi'-ya-so-ka, n. thick clouds. ma-hpi'-ya-spu-spu, n. long broken clouds. ma-hpi'-ya-to, n. the blue sky. ma-hpi'-ya-to-wan-źi-ća, n. the blue sky, the

firmament.

mah-ta'-ni, n. an old field. mah-te'-ća, n. a new field.

ma-ka', n. ground, earth; the earth; a season, a half year, as a summer or winter. See omaka. ma-ka', n. the skunk or polecat, Viverra mephitis. See manka.

ma-ka'-će-ġa, n. an earthen vessel or pot, such as the Dakotas are sail to have made and used before their intercourse with white people. ma-ka'-da-pa, n. sticky clay.

ma-ka'-ġi, n. brown earth. Makaġiyuzapi, the

name of a stream emptying into the Minnesota from the west, below Big Stone Lake.

ma-ka'-hde, adv. end on the ground. Same as makehde.

ma-ka'-he-ya, v. a. to have a desire to kill or

destroy, to think that one will kill, have a presentiment of killing or destroying. See canhiya. ma-ka'-htan-ya, v. ɑ. to kill or destroy very much,—makahtan waya.

ma-ka'-i-yu-ta, v. to measure land, survey. ma-ka'-i-yu-ta-pi, n. a measuring-chain, sur

veyor's chain.

ma-kan', adv. (maka and akan) on the ground: makan iwanka, to sleep on the ground. ma-kan', n. tamarack roots.

ma-kan'-o-pi-ye, n. a basket. Probably so called because the Dakotas supposed that willow baskets were made of tamarack roots. ma-ka'-o-han-zi, n. the shading of the earth, i. e. dusk.

ma-ka'-o-wa-ki-ya, n. the name of a sacred feast and ceremonies connected with going to war; when, it is said, they carry into the tent pulverized earth, and make hills like the gophers. ma-ka'-pa, n. a swamp, where the surface of

the earth lies on water.

ma-ka-pa', n. a skunk's head.

ma-ka'-san, n. whitish or yellowish clay. ma-ka'-san-pa, n. next year, next season. ma-ka'-sin-to-mni. See makasitomni. ma-ka'-si-to-mni, adv. all the world over. ma-ka'-si-to-mni-yan, adv. the world over. ma-ka'-ta, adv. at the ground, on the ground, on the floor: makata muŋka, I lie on the ground. ma-ka’-to, n. blue earth. Makatooze, the Makato or Blue Earth river.

ma-ka'-wa-kśi-ća, n. earthen plates, or dishes. ma-ka'-wa-se-sa, n. red earth, used by the Dakotas as a paint instead of vermillion; i. q.

wase.

ma-ke'-hde, adv. on end: ćanpeśka makehde inaźin, to kneel.

ma-ke'-hde-ya, v. n. to fall down, as a long stick, endwise éanpeśka makehdeya inaźin, to kneel.

ma-ki'-ći-noŋ, v. of manoŋ; to steal any thing for another, mawećinoŋ; mauŋkićinoŋpi, they steal from each other.

ma-ki’-kće, n. See makikćeka. ma-ki'-kċe-ka, n. the land, as opposed to water.

ma-ki'-kće-ya, adv. on land. ma-ki'-noŋ, v. of manoŋ;

to steal any thing

from one,-mawakinon, mayakinoŋ. ma-ki'-pu-sdi, adv. with the face on the ground, prostrate, prone.

ma-ki'-pu-sdi-ya, adv. bowed down to the ground.

ma-ki'-pu-ski-ća, v. n. to press on the ground, lie flat on the ground, lick the dust. ma-ki'-pu-skin, cont. of makipuskića; makipuskin ehpeiçiya, to throw oneself on the ground. ma-ki'-san-pa, n. the next season, i. 9. maka

san pa. ma-ki'-wan-ya-ke, n. a compass; a surveyor. ma-ki'-ya-ka-saŋ-ni, n. a side or part of a

country.

ma-ko'-će, n. a country, a place: makoćaźeyate

wanića, a place without a name; mitamakoće, my country.

ma-ko'-će-o-wa-pi, n. a map, maps. See makowapi.

ma-ko'-hdo-ka, n. a hole in the ground, a cave,

cavern.

ma-kon'-ća-ġe, n. a season, the seasons. ma-ko'-skan, n. a place where no one dwells, a desert place.

ma-ko'-skan-tu, adv. in a desert place. ma-ko'-skan-tu-ya, adv. away from any dwelling, away on the prairie.

ma-ko'-skan-tu-ya-ken, adv. in a desert place. ma-ko'-sma-ka, n. any low place, a ditch. ma-ko'-si-ća, n. any prevalent disease, an epidemic, as the small pox; i. q. makoće sića. ma-ko'-ta-he-dan, adv. away from any dwelling, in the desert, on the prairie. ma-ko'-wa-ki-ći-pa, n. a place a little hollowing, a slight hollow or depression in the prairie. ma-ko'-wan-ća, n. all the earth. ma-ko'-wan-ća-ya, adv. all over the earth. ma-ko'-wa-pi, n. a map of a country, maps. ma-ku', n. the breast, the forepart of the thorax. ma-ku'-a-ka-hpe, n. an apron, a woman's kerchief.

ma-ku'-hu, n. the breast-bone, sternum. ma-ku'-i-yu-ski-te, n. a child's swaddling-band. ma-ku'-i-yu-tan, n. a girth.

ma-ma', n. a woman's breast, milk; mamma or mother. It is a singular fact that with the Dakotas, mama means milk, and papa, meat. ma'-ni, v. n. to walk,―mawani, mayani. ma-ni'-ća, n. the gopher, a species of Diplostoma. ma-ni'-ća, v. n. 1st pers. sing. of nića; I have none,-ninića.

ma-ni'-ća-pa-mdu, n. gopher-hills.

maʼ-ni-haŋ, part. walking.

ma'-ni-ken, adv. walking.

ma'-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to walk,-maniwakiya.

ma-nin', adv. abroad, away from the house. ma'-ni-ni-na, n. bed-bugs, i. q. taku mani nina. ma'-ni-sku-ya, n. a species of plant; prob. the

honeysuckle.

ma-non', v. a. to steal any thing,—mawanoŋ, mayanon, mauŋnonpi.. This is by some written manu. ma-non'-pi, n. a stealing, theft. ma-nu', or manuŋ, v. See manon. man, intj. look here!

man, v.
to build a nest and hatch young ones,
birds do.

man, adj. sharp, i. q. pe. See yumaŋ.
man-ća', n.
the aurora.
See maća.

man-ka', n. a skunk. See maka.

man-ka', v. n. 1st pers. sing. of yaŋká.

mas-će'-ġa, n. See mazaćega.

as

ma-ste', adj. warm, hot, applied to the weather: maste hinća, very warm.

ma-ste'-ste, adj. red. of maste.

ma-ste'-ya, adv. in a warm state, warmly. ma-ste'-ya-ken, adv. warmly, hotly. ma-stin'-ća, n. the rabbit, Lepus cuniculus: tinmastinća, the prairie rabbit or hare. Ma-stin'-ća, n. the Cree Indians. ma-stin'-pu-te, n. a kind of herb bearing red edible berries, the leaves of which are sometimes used by the Dakotas for tobacco.

ma-te'-te, n. of tete; the side or rim of a boat, the part near the edge; a brow or projection, as of a hill. See watete. ma-tka', n. sticky earth. ma-tka'-sa, n. red earth. ma-to', n.

timus.

the grey or polar bear, Ursus mari

ma-to'-ho-ta, n. the grizzly bear, a species of the Ursus Americanus. ma-tu'-śka, n. the craw-fish.

Ma-wa'-ta-daŋ, n. the Mandan Indians. Ma-wa'-tan-na, n. Same as Mawatadan. ma-ya', n. a steep place, a bank, as of a river. ma-ya', adj. steep: maya hinća, very steep. Ma-ya'-wa-kaŋ, n. the Chippewa River, which joins the Minnesota, from the north, about fifteen miles below Lac-qui-parle.

ma'-za, n. metal of any kind; goods, merchandise.

ma'-za-a-spe-i-çi-ye, n. an anchor.

ma'-za-će-ġa, n. an iron pot or kettle. Generally ćeġa alone is used.

maʼ-za-hu-hu, n. (maza and huhu) bracelets,

ma'-za-ka-ġa, n. a worker in metal, a blacksmith.

ma'-za-kan, n. (maza and wakan) a gun. See mazawakan.

ma'-za-kan-će-ća, n. the butt of a gun. ma'-za-kan-e-ćon and mazakaniyeya, v. to shoot a gun; mazakaŋ bośdoka, to fire off a gun. ma'-za-kan-i-non-pa, n. a double-barrelled gun. ma'-za-kan-i-yo-pa-zaŋ, n. the tubes or fer

rules which hold in the ramrod.

ma'-za-kan-i-yo-pu-hdi, n. gun-wadding. ma'-za-kan-i-yo-pu-ski-će, n. a ramrod. ma'-za-kan-na-wa-te, n. the plate of a gun

lock.

ma'-za-na-pću-pe, n. finger-rings.

ma'-za-o-će-ti, n. an iron fire-place, a stove. ma'-za-o-ka-ze-ze, n. skates maza okazeze kićun, to skate.

ma'-za-sag-ye, n. an iron cane, a sword. maʼ-za-sa-pa, n. black metal, iron. maʼ-za-ska, n. white metal, silver; money; a dollar.

ma'-za-ska-han-ke, n. a half-dollar. ma'-za-ska-ka-spa-pi-dan, n. a twelve and a half or ten cent piece, a shilling, dime. ma'-za-ska-mi-ni-hu-ha, n. bank notes. ma'-za-ska-taŋ-ka, n. a dollar. ma'-za-ska-wa-na-piŋ, n. a silver medal. ma'-za-ska-zi, or mazaskamazazi, n. yellow silver, gold.

ma'-za-su, n. lead.

ma'-za-su-i-sdo-ye, n. something to melt lead in. ma'-za-su-i-yo-ka-stan, n. bullet-moulds. ma'-za-sa, n. red metal, copper. ma'-za-sdo-ya-pi, n. pewter, so called because

used for running on the bowls of Dakota pipes. ma'-za-sko-pa, n. a concave medal for the neck, used as the badge of a soldier. ma'-za-ta-spu, n. metal buttons.

ma'-za-ta-spu-dan, n. metal buttons.
ma'-za-tu-ki-ha, n. an iron or metal spoon.
ma'-za-wa-kaŋ, n. a gun. See mazakaŋ.
ma'-za-wa-ksi-ća, n. tin or iron pans.
ma'-za-zi, n. yellow metal, brass.
ma-zi'-pa-be, n. a file.
ma-zi'-ya-pe, n. a hammer.
ma-zi'-yu-be, n. a file, i. q. mazipabe.
ma-zi'-yu-zi-pe, n. pincers; tongs.
ma-zo'-pi-ye, n. a store, store-house.
mda, v. 1st pers. sing. of ya; I go.

mda, a prefix. Verbs commencing with 'ya'
change it into 'mda' to form the first person
singular, and into 'da' for the second.
mda. See kamda.

mda-ha', adj. broad at one end, tapering.

mda-mda'-ta, n. high level land, table-land. mdas, cont. of mdaza.

mda-ska', adj. flat, as, ćan mdaska, boards; broad at one end.

mda-ska'-ska, adj. red. of mdaska.

mda-ska'-ya, adv. flatly, on the flat side.
mda'-ya, adj. level, plain.
mda'-ye, n. a plain.

mda'-ye-dan, adj. level, plain.

mda'-ye-ya, adv. evenly.

mda-za', adv. in strips. See bamdaza. mda-za'-han, part. ripped open of itself, torn

open.

mda-za'-wa-han, part. Same as mdazahan. mde, n. a lake.

mde-ća', adj. broken. See kamdeća.

mde-ća'-han, part. broken of itself.

mde-ća'-hmin, n.

a bay.

mde-ća'-wa-han, part. broken of itself.
mde'-dan, n. a little lake, a pond.
mde'-ġa, n. the pelican.

Mde'-hda-kin-yaŋ, n. Lac Travers, Lake Tra-
verse; so called from its lying in a direction
crosswise to Big Stone Lake.
Mde-i-ye'-daŋ, n. Lac-qui-parle. This word
was evidently supposed by the French to mean
the talking lake. If that be the meaning, it is
not apparent why the name was given. It is
suggested that it is 'mde iyahde,' changed into
indeiyedan, referring to the fact that the river is
connected by the lake.
mde-ki'-yu-te, n.

nel in a lake.

an isthmus; a strait or chan

mde-mde'-ća, adj. red. of mdeća.

mde-mde'-ća-han, part. red. of mdećahan. mde-mde'-ća-wa-han, part. red. of mdećawa

han.

mde-mdes'-ya, v. red. of mdesya; mdemdesigiya, to amuse or regale oneself.

mde-sa'-han, part. clear-sighted, clearly. mdes-ya', v. a. to make clear, cause to recover from stupidity,-mdeswaya. mdes-ya', adv. clearly. mdes-ya'-ken, adv. clearly.

mde-tan'-hun-ka, n. a leader of a war party or any other party.

mde-ya', n. Mdeyatanka, Otter-tail Lake. mde-ya'-ta, adv. at the lake. This is used by the Dakotas in referring to Lake Superior, which they used to visit.

mde'-za, adj. clear; clear-sighted, as, ista mdeza; sober,-mamdeza, nimdeza.

mde'-ze-dan, adj. clear, as water: mini mdezedan, clear water.

mdo, n. an esculent root eaten by the Dakotas, in appearance and taste something like sweet potatoes, the Dakota tamdo; potatoes, the Waśićun tamdo.

mdog-yan'-ka, v. n. to remain at home when others go out to hunt,-mdogmanka, mdognanka, mdogunyankapi.

mdo'-hu, n. potato-tops.

mdu-mdu', adj. red, of mdu; mellow and dry, as apples or turnips.

mdu-mdu', v. 1st pers. sing. of yumdu. mdu-wa'-haŋ, part. crumbled down, not hard. mi, pron. pos. my or mine; me; for me or to me, as in mikte, he kills for me.

mi-ća', pron. from me, as in opemićaton, he buys from me. mi-ća', n. the lean meat on the side of an animal near the rump, the small of the back; the lean meat of the thigh.

mi'-ća-ġa, v. of kićaga; to make to or for me. mi'-ći, pron. and prep. of kići; with me, for me. mi-çi', pron. reflex. myself, as, miçikte, I kill

myself; for myself, as, miçićaġa, I make for myself, or I make myself.

mi-hnag', cont. of mihnaka; mihnag waun. mi-hna'-ka, v. a. to put in under the girdle, as a knife or hatchet; to wear round the loins,miwahnaka.

mi'-hna-ka, v. of kihnaka; he lays up for me. mi'-ni, n. water.

mi'-ni-a-pa-hta, n. a skin bottle for water. mi'-ni-bo-sdi, n. a syringe. See miniibosdi. mi'-ni-bo-ța, v. n. to be drenched with water. Said also when water comes much into a tent,— minibomaţa.

mi'-ni-bo-zaŋ, n. mist, fine rain.

mi'-ni-ća-du-za, n. rapid water, strong current.

mi'-ni-ća-hda, adv. by the water.

mi'-ni-he-ća, v. n. to be smart or active,-maminiheća, niminiheća, unminihećapi.

mi'-ni-hen-he-ća, v. red. of miniheća. mi'-ni-hen-ya, adv. actively, industriously. mi'-ni-he-ya, v. a. to make active miniheiçiya, to make oneself active, to be industrious,-minihemiçiya.

mi'-ni-hin-tkan-ha-ka, n. water-moss, that which grows under water.

mi'-ni-hdo-ka, n. a fountain or spring of water, a well.

mi'-ni-hu-ha, n. linen or cotton cloth, calico; paper.

mi'-ni-hu-ha-kan-su-ku-te-pi, n. playing

cards.

mi'-ni-hu-ha-o-wa-pi, n. painted cloth, calico. mi'-ni-hu-ha-ska, n. white cotton or muslin; white paper, writing paper. mi'-ni-hu-ha-ska-so-ka, n. bed-ticking. mi'-ni-hu-ha-ska-zib-zi-pe-daŋ, n. fine mus

lin.

mi'-ni-i-bo-sdi, n. a syringe; a squirt-gun. mi'-nin, adv. (mini and en) in the water. mi'-ni-na-ga-ġa, v. to struggle, as any thing shot in the water.