pa-zi'-ća, v. a. to rub, roll out or stretch with the hand,-wapazića.

pa-zig'-zi-ća, v. red. of pazića.

pa-zo', v. a. to show, present any thing to view,—

wapazo, unpazopi.

pa-zo'-ki-ya, v. to cause to show,—pazowakiya. pa-zun', cont. of pazuŋta; pazun owaton, I wear

it only run up. pa-zun'-ta, v. a. to sew or run up at the sides some distance from the edge, as leggins,-wapazunta.

pa-źa', or pażaŋ, adv. through: paźa ćapa, to stab through.

pa-żan', adv. See paża.

pa-żan'-ya, adv. through and through. pa-ża'-ta, v. a. to make forked by punching,wapaźata.

pa-ża'-ża, v. a. to wash, as a gun, by pushing

and pulling,-wapaźaża.

pa-zim', cont. of paźipa; paźim iyeya. pa-żim'-żi-pa, v. red. of paźipa.

pa-żin', v. to prevent. See ipažin, kipaźin, wipaźin, and wapaźin.

pa-zi'-pa, v. a. to prick with a pin; to pinch; to bite, as mosquitoes do,-wapaźipa.

pa-żo'-dan, n. a high knoll or hill, the top of a

hill.

pa-źo'-ya, adv. hill-like, swelled up.

pa-źun', v. a. to push down and pry up, as a root; to pull up, as ducks do grass roots in water,―wapazuŋ.

pa-źu'-źu, v. a. to rub out, cross out, erase,—wapaźużu.

pće-ya', v. a. to cut and dry meat of any kind,— pćewaya. See wapćeya.

pe, the precatory plur. imperat. termination of verbs, used commonly by women, as, ećon pe, do ye do it.

pe, adj. sharp, as edged tools; pointed.

pe-ćus', cont. of pećuza: wi pećus wanka, there are sun dogs.

pe-ćus'-ya, adv. wi pećusya waŋka; said when mock suns are observed. pe-ću'-za, n. sun-dogs, mock-suns. pe-ġe', n. the side or height of a vessel. pe-han', v. a. to fold up any thing,-wapehan :

pehan ehnaka, to fold up and lay away. pe-han', n. the crane, of several species. pe-han'-ġi-dan, n. the grey or sand-hill crane. pe-han'-haŋ, v. red. of pehan; to writhe or move about, as one does with the stomach-ache,— wapehan han.

pe-han'-ka-daŋ, n. a small slender bird which

frequents the water. Same as siyukaŋśaśa.

pe-han'-san, n. the large white crane. pe-hni'-ġa, v. n. to be red hot, heated to a white heat.

pe-hni'-ġa, n. that which is heated to a red heat. pe-hnih', cont. of pelniġa.

pe-hni'-hni-ġa, v. red. of pehniġa.

pe-hnih'-ya, v. a. to heat red hot,-pelnihwaya. pe-ksu', n. a kind of acorn.

pe-ksu'-dan, n. a species of acorn; a kind of grass with a red flower.

pe-mni', adj. warped, twisted, crooked.

pe-mni', v. n. to warp, twist; to become crooked, become entangled.

pe-mni'-mni, v. red. of pemni.

pe-mni'-yan, adv. crookedly, perversely, twisting.
pe-mnu'-mnu-ġa, n. the pit of the stomach.
See also pimnumnuġa.
pe-na'-kpa-kpa, v. n. to crackle, as a fire.
pe-na'-tpa-tpa, v. n. to crackle, emit sparks, as
fire. This and the preceding word may perhaps
be used as nouns, meaning small sparks.
pe-pe', adj. red. of pe; prickly, jagged.
pe-pe'-ya, adv. prickly, sharp, or rough, as a
frozen road: pepeya hiyeya.
pe-sde'-te, n. the top of the head.
pe-sde'-te-o-win-ġe, n. the curl of hair on the
top of the head.

pe'-sto, adj. sharp-pointed.
pe'-sto-dan, adj. sharp-pointed.

pe'-sto-ya, adv. in a sharp-pointed manner.
pe-śka', n. the air-bladder of a fish. This is
sometimes used for making glue, hence the name
ćonpeśka.

pe-śni'-ża, n. sparks of fire.

pet, cont. of peta, as in petiśkan, etc. pe'-ta, n. fire.

pe-ta'-ga, n. burning coals.

pe-ta'-ga-i-će-on-pa, v.

petaġa ićewaonpa.

to broil on the coals,

pe-tan', adv. on the fire: petan ehpeya, to throw on or in the fire.

pe-tan'-na, adv. in the fire.

pet-i'-śkan, v. n. to draw near the fire, warm oneself,-petimaśkan.

pet'-i-zan-żan, and petaiżanźaŋ, n. a torch, candle, lamp.

pet-i'-żan-zan-i-hu-pa, n.

a candlestick, lamp. pet-i'-żan-zan-i-yu-kse, n. candle-snuffers. pet-ka'-hda, adv. near the fire, by the fire. pet-ki'-ye-dan, adv. near the fire. pe-tu'-spe, n. a fire-brand. pe-tu'-ste, n. a fire-brand.

pe-yo'-han, n. a line running over the middle of the head from the forehead, the parting of the hair.

pe-yo'-zan, n. the place which is left on the head by separating the hair.

pe-źi', n. grass, herbs, hay.

pe-źi-hu'-ta, n. grass-roots, herbs; medicines of all kinds.

pe-źi-hu'-ta-i-ya-tke, ». something to drink medicine out of; tea-cups. pe-zi-hu'-ta-i-yo-ka-śtaŋ, n. something to pour medicine into; a coffee-pot, tea-pot; a syringe.

pe-żi-hu'-ta-sa-pa, n. black medicine, i. e. cof

fee.

pe-zi-hu'-ta-si-ća, n. bad medicine, i. e. poison. pe-źi-hu'-ta-wi-ća-sta, n. a medicine man; a physician.

pe-zi-hu'-ta-zi, n. yellow medicine; rhubarb. Pe-zi-hu'-ta-zi-ka-pi-wa-kpa, n. the Yellow

Medicine river, which joins the Minnesota from the Coteau des Prairies, about thirty miles below Mdeiyedan.

pe-źi'-ho-ta, n. a kind of grass or herb of a

whitish or greyish appearance, which grows abundantly on the prairies. In our translations this word is used for hyssop.

pe-źi'-i-ća-śda, n. (pezi and kaśda) a scythe. pe-zi'-ka-śda, v. to cut hay or grass, to mow,— peźiwakaśda.

pi, the common plural termination of verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and sometimes adverbs and prepositions.

pi, adj. good. This word is probably obsolete, but words formed from it are in use, as yupi, etc. pi, n. the liver,―mapi, wićapi: tapi, the liver of animals. pi'-ća, an auxiliary verb with the force of can. It conveys the idea of power or possibility, as, ećonpića, that can be done.

pi-ća'-ka, an auxiliary verb, sometimes with the

force of pića, and sometimes with that of pića śni. The 'ka' may in some cases be interrogative. pi-ća'-ka, adj. a little good, i. q. kitanna waste. pi-ća'-śni, v. it cannot be, it is impossible. pi-da', v. n. to be glad, thankful; to rejoice,piwada, piundapi.

pi-da'-da, v. red. of pida.

pi-da'-ki-ya, v. a. to make glad, make thankful, -pidawakiya, pidaun kiyapi: pidamakiya, he has made me glad, I am thankful.

pi-da'-ya, v. a. to make glad,-pidawaya, pidaunyanpi.

pi-da'-ya, adv. gladly.

pi-i'-çi-ya, v. reflex. of piya; to prepare oneself, get ready,-pimiçiya, piunkiçiyapi. pi-ki'-ći-da, v. to give thanks to, be glad for, -piwećida.

pi-ki'-da, v. n. pi-ki'-ya, v. a.

to be thankful, glad,—piwakida. to conjure, to powwow over the sick, as the Dakotas do; to mend or make new one's own, piwakiya, piuŋkiyapi, pimakiya. pi-ki'-ya-pi, part. conjured, conjuring; mended. pi-ksu'-dan, n. a kind of acorn. See peksudan. pi-mnu'-mnu-ġe, n. the pit of the stomach. pins-pin'-za, n. an animal about the size of a mink, which is found near the Missouri, and is said by the Dakotas to plant its own field. pins-pin'-za, v. red. of pinza; to squeal, as a

ground squirrel when caught. pins-pin'-ze-dan, adj. thin, scattering, as hair or grass.

pin'-za, v. n. to creak, as a shoe.

pin'-ze-dan, n. an animal about the size of a large ground squirrel, which is said to live on the prairie to the north-west, and to plant its own field.

pin'-ża, adj. destitute of hair, i. q. śmi. pi-pi'-ya, adv. red. of piya; well, anew, thoroughly.

pi-śka'-te, n. a small species of cranberry. S.

W. P.

pi'-śko, n. the night-hawk.

pi'-śko-ta-han-pe, n. the ladies-slipper, a flower;

mushrooms, fungus, i. q. wićaŋhpi hinħpaya. pi-śni'-że, n. the spleen. See tapiśniźe. piś-pi'-ża, adj. red. of piźa; wrinkled,-mapispiza. pis-pi'-że-dan, adj.

wrinkled or shrivelled, as

one's hands from being long in water, withered, -mapiśpiźedan.

pi-ya', v. a. to make anew, mend up, repair,— piwaya, piunyanpi.

pi'-ya, adv. well, anew: piya hduha, to have again, recover one's own; piya kaġa, to mend, make anew.

pi'-ya-e-han-ke-ća, adv. taller, longer than. pi'-ya-e-han-na-ke-ćin-han, adv. presently; i. q. ehakedanke dinhan, soon, again. pi-ya'-ya, v. n. to run well, as a canoe or hutinaćute.

pi-ye', v. See piya. pi-ye'-des, adv.

notwithstanding; heedlessly;

i. q. iyowinyeśni. Said of one who does not listen to what is said to him.

pi-ye'-pi-ća, adj. reparable: piyepića śni, that cannot be repaired.

pi-zi', n. the gall,-mapizi. See tapizi. pi'-ża, adj. wrinkled,―mapiża.

po, the plural termination of verbs in the imperative mood. po, v. n. to swell, puff out,-mapo, wićapo. po-gan', adv.

on the nose.

po'-mna-mna-ki-ya, v. a. to shake or wag the head at; to cause to wag the head,―pomnamnawakiya.

pom-ya', adv. snapping, popping. pom-yeh', adv. with a snap: pomyeh iheya, to shoot and kill immediately: pomyeh iyeya. pom-ye'-hin, adv. snapping. pon, cont. of pota.

pon-pon', adj. rotten, as wood.

pon-pon'-na, adj. rotten, soft, as rotten wood. po'-pa, v. n. to burst. See napopa. po-po', v. n. red. of po; to swell, puff out. po-po'-pa, adj. full of pith: tipsinna popopa, a stringy turnip.

po-po'-pe-se, adv. Said of nap on a blanket and of fine fur on a robe.

po-po'-tka-daŋ, n. the screech-owl.

po'-ptan-ptan, v. n. to shake the head, signify dissent,-powaptanptan. po'-ptan-ptan-ki-ya, v. a. to shake the head at, -poptanptan wakiya. See apoptanptan. po'-ski-ća, v. to clasp around the neck. See pośkin.

po'-skin, cont. of poskića; by the neck. po'-skin-i-ya-ka-śka, v. a. to tie round the neck, as a halter.

po'-skin-kte, v. to kill by choking,―poskinwakte.

po'-skin-ta, v. to die by being strangled. po'-skin-yu-ța, v. to put to death by hanging.

po'-sin, v. n. to sniff, snuff up the nose,-powaśin.

po'-śin-śin, v. red, of pośin.

po'-śmi-ćo-dan, adv. head covered, as with a blanket: sina pośmićodan hinmi, I wear my blanket over my head.

po'-stan, n. a hood, a child's cloak with a hood. po'-ta, adj. worn out. See yupota. po-ta'-han, part. worn out, full of holes. po-ta'-wa-haŋ, part. full of holes.

po-tkan'-ka, n. cranberries. Same as potpanka. po-tpan'-ka, n. cranberries, the Oxycoccus macrocarpus.

po-tpan'-ka-hu, n.

the cranberry-stalk. po-tpo'-ta, red. of pota; worn out. po-tpo'-ta-han, part, red. of potahan; full of holes, torn, ragged, as a worn out garment. po-wa'-ya, n. nap, fur.

po-wa'-ya, adj. having nap. po-wa'-ye-dan, adj. having nap; sa powayedan, red flannel.

po'-źan-zan, v. to snuff up, as an animal snuffs the wind; to snuff or scent, as a dog does. psa, n. a kind of rush or water grass, sometimes used in making mats: Psa-mde-wan ke-ćin-wakpa, the little stream that empties into the Minnesota just below Little Rock.

psa'-ka, adj. broken. See yupsaka. psa-ka'-han, part. broken, as a string; said also of the heart.

psa-ka'-wa-han, part. broken, as a string. psa'-o-win-za, n. rush mats.

psa-psa'-ka-haŋ, part. red. of psakahan.

psa-psa'-ka-wa-haŋ, part. red. of psakawahan.

psa'-wa-pa-ha, n. palm or chip hats.

pse, n. snow-shoes.

pse'-htin, n. the ash.

pse-pa'-ton-na, n. sharp-toed snow-shoes. pse-ya'-pi, n. the water-ash, so called because used for making snow-shoes.

psi'-ća, adj. jumping. See yupsića.

psin, cont. of psića: psin iyaya, to jump or hop away.

psin, n. rice, wild rice psin ati, to pitch a tent at the rice; psin ska, white rice, barley. psin-ća', n. a bulbous esculent root which grows in marshes, about the size of a black walnut with the hull on.

psin-ćin'-ća, n. a bulbous esculent root much

used by the Dakotas of the lower Minnesota. It is about as large as a hen's egg, and grows on the margin of rivers and lakes.

psin-ska', n. white rice; barley.

psi-psi'-ća, v. red. of psića; to jump much, to skip.

psi-psi'-ća-daŋ, n. the grasshopper.

psi-psin', cont. of psipsića; psipsin ya, to go jumping or skipping along.

pso'-han, v. (pse and ohan) to put on or wear

snow-shoes,-psowahan, psounhanpi.

pso-ka', n. a species of fish somewhat resembling the pike.

pso'-ksan, n. a kind of round-toed snow-shoes. pson-pson', adj. rounded off, having the corners taken off.

pson-pson'-na, adj. rounded, having the corners taken off; said also of teeth on edge, as, hi pson

psonna.

psun-psun'-na, adj. Same as psoŋpsonna. psa, v. n. to sneeze,-wapsa, unpśapi. psa-psa', adv. pśapsa se, huddled together; pśapsa se iyaya, to make a noise, as when any thing is poured into a vessel. See apśapśa. psa-ya', v. a. to cause to sneeze, pśawaya. páin, n. leeks, onions.

psin-ća', n. the flying-squirrel.

pśun, adj. shed, fallen off, as horns; drawn out.

See yupśun, kapśun.

psun-han', part. fallen off, dislocated. psun-ka', adj. round, short and thick.

psun-ka', n. a bulge, a knot on a tree; a pill. psun-ka'-dan, n. any little round thing. psun-ka'-ka, n. little round things, pills. psun-ka'-ya, adv. in a bunch, in a heap, as an animal curled up; pśuŋkaya waŋka. psun-ka'-ya-ken, adv. in a bunch, drawn up together.

pśun-wa'-han, part. dropped out, fallen off. pta. See yupta.

pta-han', part. cut off, cut out.

ptan. See yuptan.

ptaŋ, n. the otter. In the sacred dialect it is called 'hepan.'

ptan-ptan', adj. unsteady, rocking, as a canoe. ptan-ptan'-na, adj. unsteady, tottering. Ptan-sin'-ta, n. the name of the village at the

upper end of Lake Traverse.

ptan'-yan, adv. flurried. See canteptanyan. ptan-ye'-tu, n. autumn. To summer and win

ter the Dakotas count five months each, and to spring and autumn but one each. pta-wa'-han, part. cut off, fallen off. Same as ptahan.

pta'-ya, adv. together, collectively: ptaya unyanpi kta, we will go together.

pte, n. a cow, the female buffalo. The bison or buffalo is colloquially termed 'pte,' irrespective of sex. The counterpart is 'tatanka." pte'-a-san-pi, n. cow's-milk.

pte'-a-san-pi-i-hdi, n. butter.

pte'-a-san-pi-ni-ni, n. thick milk, curdled milk. pte'-a-san-pi-ta-sa-ka, n. cheese. pte'-će-dan, adj. short,-maptećedan. pte'-će-ye-dan, adv. for a short time. pte'-ġa, n. a marsh, a low place, a swampy place. pte-ġan'-ni-ća-dan, n. the wren.

pte-ġo'-pe-ća, n. a kind of hawk, so called because it frequents marshes.

pteĥ-wi'-ta, n. firm land surrounded by a marsh, a swamp-island.

pten-ye'-dan, adv. for a short time.

pte-pte'-će-dan, adj. red. of ptećedan. pte'-ta-ma-ka, n. a lean cow.

pte'-ta-wo-te, n. a prairie plant which bears juicy berries.

pte-wa'-nun-yan-pi, n.

yan, to tame.

tame cattle. See nuŋ

ptu-ha', v. n. to crumble down. ptu-ha-ha, v. red. of ptuha. ptu-ptu'-ża, red. of ptuża. ptu-ptu'-za-han, part. red. of ptużahan. ptu-ptu'-za-wa-han, part. red. of ptużawahan. ptu'-ża, adj. split, cracked. See yuptuża. ptu-za'-han, part. cracked of itself. ptu-za'-wa-han, part. cracked of itself. pu-kpa', adj. boiled up, not clear, mixed up, said of water or soup which contains floating particles. pu-sa', adj. dry: pusa ehnaka, to lay aside to dry or season.

pu-skem', cont. of puskepa: puskem okaśtan, to strain or filter,-puskem owakaśtaŋ. pu-ske'-pa, v. a. to strain or filter,—wapuskepa. pus-ki'-ya, v. a. to dry or cause to dry, as wet clothes or fruit,-puswakiya, pusunkiyapi : puskićićiya, to dry for one,-puswećićiya. pu-spa', v. a. to stick on, glue; to seal,-wapuspa. pu-spe'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to glue or seal,

puspewakiya.

pu-spe'-ya, v. a. to cause to seal or glue. pus-pu'-za, adj. red. of puza.

pu-stag', cont. of pustaka; pustag iwanka, to squat down; pustag eĥpeiçiya, to get down so as to hide, bow down, squat down.

pu-stag'-tu-ken, adv. squatting down. pu-sta'-ka, v. n. to squat down,-wapustaka.

pus-ya', v. a.
pusunyanpi.
pus-ya', adv. in a drying manner.

to dry, cause to dry,-puswaya,

pu-śki', adv. in a bunch, i. q. pśuŋkaya yanka. pu-ski'-ća, v. a. to press or rub out with the hand,-wapuśkića.

pu-ski'-dan, adv. dim. of puśki.

pu-skin', cont. of puśkića; puśkin yaŋka. pu-skin'-ya, adv. pressed, squeezed. pu-tag', cont. of putaka; putag ihipaya, to fall down with the hands on the ground.

pu-ta'-ka, v. a. to touch, as with the hand when one falls,-waputaka.

pu-te', n. the upper lip; the snout or nose of an animal.

Pu'-te-wa-ta, n. p. the Potowatomies.
Pu'-te-wa-ta-daŋ, n. Same as Putewata.
pu-tin', n. See putinhan.

pu-tin'-hin, n. the beard, especially what grows

on the upper lip, the mustache. pu-tpa', adj. Same as pukpa. pu-tpe'-ya, adv. scattering, scattered over. pu'-za, adj. dry, thirsty; dry, as cloth, ground, etc., not wet; shallow, as a stream, run dry. See puzedan and ipuza. pu-zan', cont. of puzata; puzan iyaya: puzan iyayeya, to run one ashore; to show that one has told a falsehood.

pu-zan'-zan, red. of puzan; puzanzan iyekićićiyapi, and puzanzan iyayekićiyapi, they run each other aground.

pu-za'-ta, adv. on dry land.

pu'-ze-dan, adj. shallow, as a stream of water.

s'a, an auxiliary suffix to verbs, signifying frequency of action, or a habit formed, as, wai s'a, wakage s'a. It frequently gives verbs the force of nouns. of the agent; as, wamanon, to steal; wamaŋon s'a, a thief.

s'a, v. n. to roar, as the waves: s'a waŋka. Sag-da'-śin, n. the English, the name which the Dakotas give to the British, the inhabitants of Red River, etc. This word is probably from some other Indian language.

sag-ye', n. something used in walking, a staff: ćan sagye, a cane; maza sagye, a sword. sag-ye'-ki-toŋ, v. to use a staff in walking, as an old person,-sagyeweton.

sag-ye'-ton, v. to use a staff,-sagyewaton. sag-ye'-ya, v. a. to use any thing for a staff,

sagyewaya.

sak, cont. of saka; sakowasin yutapi, eaten raw. sa'-ka, adj. raw, uncooked; hard, dried; as,

waćoni saka, dried meat.

sa'-ka-dan, adj. green, limber. green, limber. Hence, dan

sakadan, a switch.

sa'-ka-yu-ta-pi, n. what is eaten raw, i. e. melons, cucumbers.

sa-kim', adv. both, two, both together.
sa-kim'-tu, adv. two together.
sa-kim'-tu-ken, adv. both together.
sak'-o-wa-sin, adv. entirely raw.

sam, adv. cont. of sanpa; more, beyond, more
than : sam iyaya, to go beyond, surpass; sam
iyeya, to make go over or beyond.
sam'-i-ye-ya, adv. more than.
sam-sam', adv. red. of sam.
sam-san'-pa, adv. red. of sanpa.

sam-ya', v. a. of sapa; to blacken, color black,— samwaya, samuŋyanpi.

sam-ya', adv. beyond, further; black, dark: samya wanka, it lies darkly.

sam-ya'-han, adv. dark, blackish, as water at a distance.

sam-ya'-ken, adj. blackish; in sight, far off. san, adj. whitish or yellowish: maka saŋ, white earth hi san, to show the teeth.

san-ksan'-ki-toŋ, v. n. to wear or put on a

skirt,-sanksan weton.

san-ksan'-ni-ća, n. a Dakota woman's skirt.

san-ksan'-ya, v. a. to use for a skirt, make a

skirt of,-sanksan waya.

san-ni', adj. of one side, on one side: nape sanni, one hand; si sanni, one foot. san-ni'-ća, adv. on one side. san-ni'-na, adv. of only one side. san-ni'-na-tan-han, adv. from only one side. san'-o-pa-pa, adj. grey hairs here and there in one's head, turning grey.