san'-pa, adv.

more, more than, over; beyond: wikćemna saŋpa noŋpa, two more than ten, i. e. twelve; kitanna sanpa, a little more; sanpa waste, better.

san'-pa-tan-han, adv. from beyond. sanp'-san-pa, adv. red. of sanpa.

san-to'-hu, n. a species of grass with a hard

round stalk and strong blade.

san-yan', v. a. to whiten, white-wash,-san waya. san-yan', adv. whitish anpao sanyan hinapa, the dawn appears brightly.

sa'-pa, adj. black,-masapa, nisapa. sap-sa'-pa, adj. red. of sapa.

sa'-ta, n. the horizontal stick placed in a tent on which the kettle is hung.

sa-tin', adj. stretched out straight, as in death. sa-tin'-tin, adj. red. of satin.

sat-i'-ya-ka-ske, n. that which ties up the sata: also sata oiyakaśke.

sba. See yusba.

sba-han', part. ravelled.

sba-wa'-han, part. ravelled out. sbu. See kasbu.

sbu, adv. sbu se ihan, to fall down with a rushing sound, as corn poured out.

sbu'-dan, n. a grain, a small piece, a particle. sbu-han', part. crumbling.

sbu-sbu', red. of sbu.

sbu-wa'-han, part. crumbling, crumbled. sda, n. grease, oil, ointment, salve, etc.

sda-ki'-ya, v. a. pos. of sdaya; to grease, anoint,

-sdawakiya, sdaunkiyapi.

sda'-o-zu-ha, n. an oil-bag.

sda'-ta, adj. slow, feeble: ohan sdata, slow at work; oie sdata, slow of speech. sda'-te-ća, adj. feeble,-masdateća. sda-ya', v. a. to grease any thing, to anoint,-sdawaya, sdaunyanpi.

sda-ya'-o-zu-pi, n. a rifle-gun, so called from its greased wads.

sdi-tka', adj. tapering; rounded off. sdi-tka'-tka, adj. red. of sditka; knobbed, having knobs or grooves running round. sdi-ya', adv. hissing.

sdo, adj. soft, as grease when partly melted. sdo-ća', v. n. to know. See sdonya. sdo-han', v. n. to crawl,-wasdohan, unsdohanpi.

to know one's

sdo-han'-han, v. red. of sdohan; to crawl along, as in getting near ducks: sdohanhan ihpaya mda, I go creeping along. sdon-ki'-ya, v. pos. of sdonya; own,-sdonwakiya, sdonunkiyapi. sdon-ki'-ye-ya, v. a. See sdotkiyeya. sdon-ya', v. a. to know, have knowledge of any thing or person,-sdonwaya, sdonyaya, sdonuŋyanpi, sdonmayan, sdonćiya.

sdon-ye'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to know,-sdon

yewakiya, sdonyeuŋkiyapi.

sdon-ye'-ya, v. a. to cause to know,―sdonye

waya.

sdo-sdo'-dan, adj. soft, as grease. sdot-ki'-ya, v. See sdonkiya.

sdot-ki'-ye-ya, v. a. to cause one to know something that pertains to himself; to alarm, as an enemy or game; to put on one's guard,-sdotkiyewaya. sdot-ya', v.

See sdonya.

se, a particle, used at the end of sentences to give emphasis to what is said. Perhaps it should be regarded as an impersonal verb, it appears so, it seems to me so, I thought: hećetu se, so it seems. se, adv. like, as though.

se'-ća, adv. as though, seemingly, I thought so. se-će'-ća, adv. it seems as, as if it was. se'-će-ći-kon, adv. I had thought so.

se'-e-će-ća, adv. as if it was, it seems as if. se'-ksen, adv. like.

sen-ya', adv. like, as though.

sen-ya'-ken, adv. as though, like.

se'-wa-ćan-mi, v. I think it is so. This form

is used when speaking of something that is not distinctly recollected.

se-wi'-mna, adj. rancid, as fat that has stood long.

se-ya', adv. like as.

se-ya'-ken, adv. like as.

si-ćan', n. the outside of the thigh.

si-ćan'-o-pi-ye, n. of sićaŋ; a side pocket, as in
one's pantaloons or coat; any pocket.
si-ća'-psan, v. to shake the foot,—siwakapsan.
si-ćo'-co-dan, adj. red. of sicodan.

si-ćo'-dan, adj. bare-footed. See sićokadan.
si-ćo'-gan, n. the calf of the leg.
si-ćo'-ġin, n.
Same as sićogan.

si-ćo'-ka-daŋ, adj. bare-footed,―sićomakadan. si-ćo'-ka-ka-daŋ, adj. red. of sićokadan. si-ću', n. the sole or bottom of any thing: siću wanića, without a bottom, bottomless, unfathomable. si-ću’-ha, n. the sole of the foot. si-ću'-psan-psan, v. n. to wag the tail, as a dog.

si-ću'-ta, adv. at the bottom or lower part of any thing.

si-éu'-ton. See asićuton.

si-ha', n. the foot, feet of man; the feet of animals, but especially the hind feet, the fore feet being 'nape,'-misiha, nisiha, unsihapi. si-ha'-pe, n. the hollow of the foot. si-i'-na-tan, n.

stirrups; pantaloon straps. si-i'-pu-sin, n. the ball of the foot. si-i'-ta-ka-ha, n. the top of the foot, the instep. si-i-yu'-ta, n. a foot measure. si-i'-yu-tan, n. stirrups.

sin-wa'-pa-ki-ya, v. to paddle a canoe by one

self, as in hunting muskrats,-sinwapawakiya. sin-kpe', n. the muskrat, Mus zibethicus. sin-kpe'-i-ća-pe, n. a muskrat spear. sin-kpe'-i-ću-wa, n. spears, traps, axes, etc.; any thing used in killing muskrats. sin-kpe'-ta-wo-te, n. calamus, sweetflag, the Acorus calamus.

sin-sin', adj. besmeared, slimed, as with fish; dried on, glued or glazed over.

sin-tpe', n. the muskrat. Same as sinkpe. sin-tpe'-ta-wo-te, n. Same as sinkpetawote. si-pa', n. the toes, the end of the big toe. si-pa'-hun-ke, n. the great toe. si-pa'-ksi-ze, n. the lower part of the leg of animals. si-pin’-kpa, n. the toes; the joints of the foot. si-pin'-tpa, n. Same as sipinkpa. si-pu'-te, n. the breech or lower part of a gunstock, the end of the pahu; the screw in the end of the barrel, the breech-screw.

si-san'-ni, n. one foot, the foot on one side. si-sin', n. Mr. Renville considers this word synonymous with wiwi, a swamp, and as the source whence the Sisitonwans derived their name.

Si-si'-ton-waŋ, n. p. a band of the Dakotas living at Swan Lake, Little Rock, at the Two Woods on the Coteau, and at Lake Traverse. They probably number about three thousand. si-sa'-ste, n. the little toe of animals and man. si-to'-mni, adv. all over, throughout. si-to'-mni-yaŋ, adv. all over.

si-ton'-pa-hu, n. the tail bone. See sintonpahu. si-ye'-te, n. the heel.

si-yo'-źan, n. between the toes.

si-yu'-kan, n. the tendon of the heel. si-yu'-kan-sa-sa-daŋ, n. a bird having slender reddish legs; the pehankadan. si-yu'-ka-za, n. the toes.

ska, adj. white; clear, as, mini ska, clear water: clean, new, as, hin ska, new hair; taku ska, nothing.

skad, cont. of skadaŋ ; taku skad. ska'-dan, adj. dim. of ska; white: taku skadaŋ,

nothing: Skadan-ti, a common name for Traverse des Sioux, Skadan having been the Dakota name of Mons. Provençalle, an early trader in that place.

skaŋ, v. n. to dissolve, disappear, melt away, as snow wa skaŋ.

skan'-yaŋ, v. n. to melt, thaw.
ska-ska', v. red. of ska.
ska-ska'-dan, n. white beads.
ska-ya', v. a.
ska'-ya, adv.

lies white.

to whiten, make any thing white. white; wa skaya wanka, the snow

skem, cont. of skepa.

skem-ya', v. a. to draw all out, as a fluid, to

exhaust,-skemwaya.

ske'-pa, v. n. to leak out slowly, escape, pass away

by evaporation, as fluids.

ske-ske'-pa, v. red. of skepa.

ski'-ća. See kaskića.

ski-ća'-han, part. pressed down, close.
ski-ća'-wa-han, part. pressed.
ski-ska', n. the wood-duck.

ski-ski'-ća, red. of skića.

ski-ski'-ća-han, part. all pressed together. ski-ski'-ća-wa-han, part. pressed together. ski-ski'-ta, red. of skita. See yuskiskita. ski-ski'-ta, n. a strip of land pressed or hemmed in, an isthmus.

ski'-ta, adj. tied, bound, fastened, as a child on a board. See yuskita.

sku, adj. broken out a little. See basku. sku-mna', adj. sourish; savory. sku-sku', red. of sku; shaved off: pa skusku. sku-sku'-ya, adj. red. of skuya. sku'-ya, adj. sweet; sour; salt. The radical idea may be that of having taste or savor.

sku'-ye-ya, v. a.

to ring. See kasna.

sna, v. n. sna-han', part. ringing, rustling; as leaves falling in autumn.

sna-haŋ'-haŋ, red. of snahan; falling off, rustling.

sna-sna', red. of sna; to ring, rattle. sna-sna'-na, adj. bare, as a tree when its leaves have all fallen off.

sna-sna'-wa-han, part. red. of snawahan. sna-wa'-han, part. ringing, rattling.

sni, adj. cold, as the weather, or as ice; gone out, as a fire: peta sni, the fire is out; sni kaeś, although it is cold.

sni-sni', adj. red. of sni; han snisni, cold nights. sni'-ya-ho-ta, v. n. to take cold, draw in the cold by breathing,-snimdahota, snidahota, sniuŋyahotapi.

sni-yan', v. sniyan uya, to become cold, grow cold, said of the weather changing to cold. so. See soso.

sok-so'-ta, adj. red. of sota: ista soksota, clear eyes. This word is used in reference to the clear blue eyes of some children.

son, cont. of sota; son iyeya.

son-ki'-ya, v. a. to use up or destroy for one, as to burn up fence rails or wood for one,―sonwakiya, sonmakiya.

son-ya', adv. of sota; sonya iyaya, to become a little whitish or clouded. son, v. a. to plait or braid, as hair; to braid, as corn in strings, wason, unsonpi. son'-pi, n. braids, strings of corn. so-so', v. a. to cut into strings, as a hide,—wasoso, unsosopi: ćaŋte masosopi seća, it seems as if my heart was cut into strings, i. e. I am greatly afflicted.

clouded, but not turbid; of a milky whitish appearance; sky-colored: Wakpa minisota, the Minnesota River; Mde minisota, Clear Lake: used up. See kasota, yusota, etc. so-tka'-zi, adj. smoked, as an old tent. span, adj. soft, as melting snow.

span, v. n. to become soft, melt, as snow: wa

span.

span-yan', v. a. to cause to thaw, as snow,—

span waya.

spa-spa'-ya, red, of spaya.

spa'-ya, v. n. to be wet, as clothes, wet with water, moist, damp,-maspaya, unspayapi: to sink in water, to drown: spaya iyaya. spa'-ye-ya, v. a. to wet, cause to be wet or moist, -spayewaya. spe'-ya, v. a. stag, cont. of staka. stag-ya', v. a. to make feeble,-stagwaya. stag-ya', adv. feebly, languidly. stag-ya'-ken, adv. feebly: stagyaken waun. sta'-ka, adj. feeble, languid, without appetite, weary, not able to walk,-mastaka. stan, adj. moist, wet. See pastaŋ. stan, adj. purple, grape-colored: sa stan, dark red; ha stan, dark complexioned. stan'-ka, adj. purple. See stan. stan-ka', adj. moist.

to sink, make sink. See aspeya.

sun, v. to braid. See son.

sun'-ka, n. a younger brother either of a man or woman. Certain cousins are likewise so called,— misuŋka, nisuŋka.

sun-ka'-ki-ći-ya-pi, n. brethren, those related

as brothers, sunkauŋkićiyapi.

sun-ka'-ku, n. his or her younger brother. sun-ka'-ya, v. a. to have for younger brother,sunkawaya, sunkaunyanpi.

sun'-ta, n. a stem ćanduhupa sunta, a pipestem; ćankasunta, the spinal marrow. su-sbe'-ća, n. the ant-eater, the mosquito-hawk. su-sbe'-ća-ka-ġa-pi, n. a cross. See ćaŋsu

sbeća.

su-su', n. the testicles: susu ehpeya and susu baśdoka, to castrate.

su-ta', adj. hard, not yielding to the touch; strong, capable of endurance,-masuta, nisuta, uŋsutapi: ćante suta, courageous. su-ta'-ya, adv. firmly, hard. su-ta'-ya-ken, adv. firmly.

su-ton', v. n. to ripen, have seed; to be ripe, fit for use, as corn, etc.

su-ya', adv. rightly, well.

Ś.

s, the twenty-second letter of the Dakota alphabet, with the sound of sh in English. When marked thus (s') its sound is prolonged.

śa, adj. red.

ś'a, v. n. to shout,-was'a, yaś'a, uns'api. sag-i'-çi-ya, v. reflex. to restrain oneself,-sagmidiya.

s'ag-s'a'-ka, n. corn boiled without hulling. sag-ya', v. See sagićiya.

sa-hdo'-gan, num. adj. eight.

sa-hdo'gan-na, adv. only eight. sa-hdo'-hdo-ġan, adv. by eights.

s'a'-hin-hda, v. to burst out with a shout.

śa'-i-a, v. n. to speak a strange language,-sai

waa.

sa'-i-a-pi, n. a foreign or unknown language. sa'-ka, adj. easy. See bosaka, kaśaka, wasakadan.

s'a'-ka, adj. strong. See was'aka, yuś'aka. s'a'-ka, adj. difficult, hard. See s'akeća. śa-ke', n. the nails of the fingers and toes; the claws of birds and beasts; the hoofs of animals. s'a'-ke-ća, adj. hard to deal with, severe, austere, -maś'akeća, unś'akapika.

sa-ke'-haŋ-ska, n. long-claws, a name given to the grizzly bear.

sa-ki'-ya, v. a. to paint red, to redden, as the Dakotas do scalps,-śawakiya, śaunkiyapi.

śa-ko'-wiŋ, num. adj. seven.
sa-ko'-win-na, adv. only seven.
sa-ko'-win-win, adv. by sevens.
sa'-kpe, num. adj. six.

Sa'-kpe-dan, dim. of sakpe; Little Six, the
name of a Dakota chief at Tintaton we.
sa'-kpe-kpe, adv. by sixes.

s'ak-s'a'-ka, n. of g'aka, hard; corn boiled without being hulled. See s'ags'aka. sam-ya', v. a. of sapa;

waya.

sam-ya', adv. dirtily. śan, n. the vagina.

to soil, to defile,-sam

san-ke', n. a step-mother; a mother's sister; a father's other wife. Not in general use. san-ke'-ya, v. a. to have for sanke,-śankewaya. sa'-pa, adj. dirty, defiled, blackened,-maśapa: nape niśapa, thy hands are dirty. sap-sa'-pa, adj. red. of śapa. sa-sa', adj. red. of sa; red.

śa-sa'-ya, v. a. to dye or paint red,-śaśawaya. sa-sa'-ya, adv.

redly.

śa-śte', n. the little finger: sisaste, the little toe; the little toe or nail of birds and beasts. sa-ste'-i-yo-ki-he, n. that which is next to the little finger, the third finger.

sa-ya', v. a. to make red, to paint red,—śawaya. sa-ya', adv. redly.

sa-ye'-dan, adv. reddish: sayedan naźiŋ. śbe, adj. deep, as water; dense, as foliage; thick set, as hair. See śma.

sbe'-ya, adv. deeply, densely. sbe-ya'-ta, adv. in the deep.

śbu, v. n. to drop, as water or any sbu-śbu', v. red. of sbu.

other liquid.

śbu-ya', v. a. to drop or cause to drop, as water,

-śbuwaya, śbuunyanpi.

śbu-ya'-pi, n. a drop, drops.

sda, adj. bald, bare, naked: nasu śda, bald-headed; paśdayapi, corn made bald, i. e. hommony. See kaśda.

śda-sda', adj. red. of sda.

śda-ya', v. a. to make bare,-śdawaya, śdaunyanpi.

sda-ya', adv. nakedly, without covering. śda-ya'-ta, adv. in an open place. sda-ye'-hna, adv. openly, exposed, in full view, uncovered, without a house, defenceless: śdayehna han, standing out, unsheltered; śdayehna wanka, to sleep out.

sda-ye'-hna-yan, adv. unsheltered. sdi, adj. many.

śdi, adv. hissing, fizzing. Said of the noise sometimes made by fish in water. śdo, v. n. to fuse, melt, as metals.

śdo-ka', n. a kind of spotted duck.

śdo'-ka. See kaśdoka.

śdo-ka'-han, part. out of place, as an axe-head off the handle, or an eye out of its socket. sdo-ka'-wa-han, part. Same as śdokahan. śdo-śdo', v. red. of sdo.

sdo-śdo', adj. soft, as fat, melted.

śdo-śdo'-dan, n. the soft fat parts in an animal. śdo'-śdo-daŋ, n. the meadow-lark: śdośdodan

kizo, to whistle to the meadow-lark.

śdo-ya', v. a. to fuse, melt, or smelt metals,śdowaya, śdounyanpi.

śdo-ya'-pi, n. that which is melted: śdoyapidan and maza śdoyapi, pewter. śdun-ya', v. a. to cause to slip.

śdu-śdu'-ta, adj. slippery, a sa road; smooth, as ice, etc.

sdu'-ta, adj. slipping. See yuśduta, naśduta.
śe'-ća, adj. dry, dead, as wood, rotten.
se-kse'-ća, adj. red. of seća.

sen-ya', adv. withered; dried or drying, seasoning: senya hiyeya.

sen-ya', v. a. to make dry, cause to wither,-śenwaya: śenya ehnaka, to lay up to season. śi, v. a.

to command, bid; to ask. This word is always preceded by another verb, as, ećon śi, eye śi, etc.,—waśi, yaśi, uŋśipi.

śi, v. imperat. stop, be still.

si, intj. hist! hark!

si'-ća, adj. bad, ugly; bad, wicked,-maśića, ni

śića, unśićapi.

śi-ća'-ho-wa-ya, v. n. to scream out, to moan, -śićahowamda, śićahowada.

śi-ća'-ki-ho, v. a. to do one's work badly,—śićawakiho.

si-ća'-ya, adv. badly, not well.

si-ća'-ya-ken, adv. badly.

si-će'-ća, n. children, family,-mitasićeća. śi'-će-da, v. a. to esteem as bad, to hate,—śiće

wada, śićeundapi.

si'-će-da-ka, v. to think bad, to hate,-śićewadaka, śićeyadaka, śićeundakapi, śićećidaka. si'-će-ki-ći-da-pi, v. recip. hating each other. si'-će-ki-da, v. pos. of sićeda; to hate one's own, -śićewakida.

śi'-će-ki-da'-ka, v. pos. of śićedaka; to hate one's own,-śićewakidaka.

si-ći'-tan-ka, adj. passionate; i. q. waćinko,sićimatanka.

si-ći'-ya, v. n. to be angry,-śićiwaya. si-ći'-ye-ki-ya, v. to mourn for,—śićiyewakiya. si-ce', n. a woman's brother-in-law; a woman calls her husband's brother and her sister's husband, śiće: śiçeću and śiçeku, her brother-inlaw.

si-çe'-si-ya, v. a. to have for or call śiçesi,śiçeśiwaya.

si-çe'-ya, v. a. to have for side,-sidewaya. śi-hda', v. n. to be or become angry, take offence

at,-śinwahda, śinyahda, sinunhdapi. In this word an n is introduced before the pronouns. si-hda'-pi, n. anger, wrath. si-hda'-ya, v. a. to make angry, provoke,―śihdawaya, śihdaunyanpi.

śi-han', v. n. to behave badly,―śiwahan. śi-han'-yan, adv. behaving badly.

si'-htin, adj. feeble, stupid, lazy, sick,-maśihtin, unsilitinpi.

si-htin'-ya, v. a. to enfeeble,-śihtinwaya, sihtin

mayan.

si-htin'-yan, adv. feebly. sik-si'-ća, adj. red. of sića. sik-si'-ća-ya, adv. badly.

śi-na', n. a blanket, a cloak or shawl, any thing worn as a blanket. Henok thinks this should be written śin-na, but as A. Renville does not agree with him, the shorter orthography is preferred. si-na'-a-pa-hda-te, n. ribbon, ferret. si-na'-a-pa-hda-te-sok-so-ka, n. cotton ferret. si-na'-a-pa-hda-te-zib-zi-pe-dan, n. silk rib

bon.

si-na'-hin-śma, n. (Ihank.) a buffalo robe. si-na'-ho-ta, n. the common white blanket.

śi-na'-o-pa-pun-ći-stin-na, n. a blanket with a small border, save list cloth.

śi-na'-o-pa-pun-ho-ta, n. grey list cloth. śi-na'-o-pa-pun-ska, n. white list and stroud. si-na'-o-pi-ye, n. a bale of blankets. si-na'-sa, n. a red blanket.

śi-na'-to, n. blue skirt cloth; a blue or green

blanket.

śi-na'-to-zib-zi-pe-daŋ, n. blue broadcloth. śi-na'-wa-to-pe-ki-ya, v. to go by sails, to sail,

-śinawatopewakiya.

si-na'-wa-to-pe-ki-ya-pi, n.

śi-na'-zib-zi-pe-dan, n.

sails.

broadcloth.

śi-na'-żaŋ-żaŋ, n. a red blanket. sin-ya', adv. badly, sadly.

sin-ya'-ken, adv. badly, sadly: cante sinyaken.

sin, n. the fat part of animals, especially fat meat, as, kukuse sin, fat pork; the sappy part of wood.

sin-hda, adj. See śihda.

sin-kpan'-ka, n. See sinkpankahu. sin-kpan'-ka-hu, n. the name of a root that, it is said, grows in low grounds.