śin-ta', n. the tamarack or hackmatack, the American larch. This is probably so called because the gum is hard, i. e. sin tasaka. The original name seems to have been makan.' S. W. P.

sin-ta'-ka, n. the striped bass.

sin-tka'-hu, n. the hip-bone, the os ilium. sin-tpan'-ka, n. a root that grows, it is said, in low ground: sintpankahu, the stalk and root

above referred to.

sin-sin', adj. wrinkled.

sin-yan'-ta-ka-dan, n. the name of a small bird which frequents the rice lakes. si-pa'. See kaśipa, yuśipa.

śi-pa'-han, part. broken off close, as the limbs of

a tree, the teeth of a comb, pins, etc. si-pa'-wa-han, part. Same as sipahan. si-pto', n. beads.

si-pto'-pto, n. beads.

śi-so'-ka, n. the robin.

śi-tki'-hda, v. n. to be angry; to be afflicted; sitkihda waun.

si-tki'-hda-ya, v. to make angry; to afflict, to punish,-sitkihdawaya.

si-tki'-hda-ya, adv. in trouble, angrily, vexed: śitkihdaya waún.

śi-ya'-ka, n. the teal, a kind of duck. The śiyaka are divided into śiyaka tanka, mde siyaka, and wakpa siyaka.

si-ya'-ka, n. a boil siyaka o, hit by the śiyaka, which results in a boil,-śiyaka mao. We have not been able to ascertain the origin of this expression. śi'-yo, n. cupido. śi-yo'-to, n. the knees, the front part of the legs; the lap,-masiyoto.

the grouse or prairie hen, the Tetrao

śka. See yuśka.

śka-han', part. come untied of itself. skan, cont. of śkata; śkan unpi. skan-ki'-ya, v. to cause to play,-śkanwakiya. śkan, v. n. to do, to act; to move about: token yaśkaŋ he, what art thou doing?—waśkaŋ, uŋśkanpi śkan hinhda, to jump or flutter about, as a bird when caught.

śkan-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to move about,—śkaŋ

wakiya.

śkan-śkan', v. red. of śkan; to stir, move about,

change place.

śkan-śkan'-yan, v. a. to cause to move about,— śkanskan waya.

śkan-śkan'-yan, adv. moving, in motion. skan-yan', adv. moving.

ska' ta, v. n. to play,-waśkata, unśkatapi. śka-wa'-han, part. come untied of itself.

ske-he'-ya, adv. ambitiously. śki-ća'. See yuśkića.

śki-ća'-han, part. squeezing, pressed. śki-ća'-wa-han, part. pressing, squeezed. śkin-ći'-ya, v. to move oneself, be industrious; i. q. miniheiçiya,—śkiŋmićiya.

śki-śka', adj. rough, not smooth and level. ski-ske'-ya, v. a. to make rough,-śkiśkewaya. ski-ske'-ya, adv. roughly.

sko-kpa', adj. hollowed out, concave. skom, cont. of skopa; śkom iyaya. śkom-ya', v. a. to make crooked,-śkomwaya. śkom-ya', adv. crookedly; śkomya wanka. śko'-pa, adj. crooked, warped; concave. śko-śko'-pa, adj. red. of skopa. sko-tpa', adj. hollowed out, concave.

śku, v. n. to be wholly or partially roasted; to be covered with red spots, as one who lies too close to the fire in cold weather,-masku, niśku. śku-mna', adj. tainted, as meat; sour. śma, adj. deep, as water; dense, as foliage; thickly set, as hair.

śma-śma', adj. red. of śma.

śmi, adj. bare; i. q. hin wanića: pa śmi; said of a head with only a few scattering hairs. śna. See yuśna.

śna-han', part. dropped, missed. śna-wa'-han, part. dropped. śni, adv. of negation; not, no.

It follows verbs,

nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. śni-śni'-źa, adj. red. of śniża.

śniś-ya', v. a. to make wither or dry up,—śniśwaya, śniśunyaŋpi.

śniś-ya', adv. withered.

śni-yan'-yan, adv. abundantly.

śni'-za, adj. withered, dead, dried up, as leaves by the sun, withered; blurred, indistinct: istomaśnića.

śnun-śnun'-ża, adj. red. of snuŋża.

śnun'-ża, adj. blurred, indistinct, as, iśtośnunzża. sog, cont. of soka.

sog-sog'-ya, adv. red. of sogya.

a hazy atmosphere.

spa. See yuśpa.

spa-han', part. broken off.

span, adj. cooked, as food; burnt or frozen, as the face or parts of the body by heat or cold: noģe maśpan, my ears are frozen; siha niśpan, thy feet are frozen.

span-ki'-ći-ći-ya, v. a. to cook for one,-śpanwećićiya.

span-ki'-ya, v. a. pos. to cook one's own food;

to cook for another,-śpanwakiya, śpanunkiyapi.

śpan-yan', v. a. to cook, as food,―span waya, śpanunyanpi.

spa-wa'-han, part. broken off. spe. See spa.

śpi. See yuśpi.

spi-han', part. fallen off, as berries.

spi-wa'-han, part. Same as śpihan. spu. See yuśpu.

spu-han', part. See śpuwahan.

śpu-wa'-han, part. fallen off of itself, as any thing that adhered.

sta, conj. although. See esta. stag, cont. of staka.

stag-ya', v. a. to mash up; to make preserves,śtagwaya.

stag-ya', adv. free from ice: stagya waŋka. śta'-ka, adj. free from ice, as a river or lake when the ice has broken up and run out: beaten, broken. See kastaka.

stan. See kastan, yuśtaŋ.

stan, adj. blackish, dark-colored.

stan, v. n. to become black, as berries by the heat of the sun.

stan'-han, conj. although: hi stanhan sdonwaye śni, though he may have come I do not know it. stan-han', v. n. to ooze out, as water from a sore, to be sore and exude water.

sta-sta', adj. weak, brittle, i. q. wankadan. sta-sta'-dan, adj. brittle.

sta-sta'-ka, adj. red. of staka.

ste, adj. deformed. See osteka.

ste-da', v. to think there is much or many, to rate high,-stewada, steundapi.

ste-da'-pi, n. a great many, much.

ste-i'-çi-da, v. reflex. to think much of oneself. ste-ya', adv. deformedly.

stu-ća', v. n. to thaw, as any thing that has been frozen. See stunya.

stun-ya', v. a. to thaw, cause to thaw,-stunwaya: śtuniçiya, to thaw or warm oneself,— stunmiçiya.

stu-sta', adj. soft, as the flesh of an animal when hard chased, wanting flavor.

stu-ste'-ya, v. a. to chase so as to make weary and render the meat flavorless,-stuśtewaya. stu'-ta, adv. thawed, warmed: nape maśtuta, my hands are warmed.

śuk-ćin'-ća, n. a young wolf. See sunkéinéa. suk-ćin'-ća-daŋ, n. a colt. See sunkéinéadan. śuk-taŋ'-ka, n. (śuŋka and tanka) the horse, horses.

suk-tan'-ka-a-kin, n. a saddle for a horse; a pack-saddle.

suk-tan'-ka-i-i-yu-wi, n. a horse-bridle, a rope for a horse's mouth.

suk-tan'-ka-son-son-na, n. a mule, a jackass. suk-tan'-ka-wa-na-pin, n. a horse-collar. śun, n. the large feathers of birds' wings. sung, cont. of suŋka.

sung-a'-kin, n. a saddle.

sung-hu'-dan, n. a short-legged horse, a pony,

a small horse.

sung-hu'-pte-pte-će-dan, n. a short-legged dog or horse.

sung-i'-ća-psin-te, n. a horsewhip. śung-mdo'-ka, n. the male of the horse or dog. sung-wa'-kin-i-hu-pa, n. the apparatus for packing on a horse or dog, pronounced often sungwakuŋhupa and sungwakinhupa. It is made by placing the ends of two or more poles (usually tent-poles) together, and inclining them at an angle of some forty or fifty degrees. The ends fastened together are placed on the back of the horse or dog, with a strap around the breast. Behind the horse's tail cross-pieces are tied, on which loads are packed and children placed. The Sisitonwans and Ihanktonwans of the prairie keep large dogs for the purpose of packing. sung-wi'-ye, n. a mare; a bitch. sung-wi'-ye-daŋ, n. dim. of sungwiye. sun-ġi'-dan, n. the fox.

sun-hpa'-dan, n. a puppy, a little dog. sun'-ka, n. a dog, commonly; a horse; an ox or cow, occasionally. This latter use obtains only in the language of the braves or warriors of the nation,-mitaśunke, nitaśunke, taśunke. śun'-ka-wa-kaŋ, n. a sacred dog or spirit-dog, i. e. a horse.

sunk-ćin'-ća, n. a young wolf. sunk-ćin'-ća-daŋ, n. a colt.

sunk-i'-ća-psin-te, n. a horsewhip. sunk-pa'-dan, n. See sunĥpadan.

śunk-tan'-ka, n. (śuŋka and tanka). See suktanka.

sunk-ta'-wa-na-pin-na, n. the name of a small

bird.

sunk-to'-ke-ća, n. the other dog, i. e. the wolf. sunk-wi'-ye, n. a mare.

sun-pa', v. n. to moult, shed, as geese their feathers.

sun-pa'-hdi-hdi, v. to have the feathers partly grown. Said of geese, etc., when their feathers have grown so that they are almost able to fly ; i. q. ecadan kihipi kta.

sun-żo'-yag, cont. of sunźoyaka; śunźoyag iću, to make a loop, noose, or lasso; śuŋźoyag iyakaśka, to tie a noose or running knot. śuŋ-źo'-ya-ka, n. a noose. śu-pe', n. guts, intestines.

śu-pe'-ćo-wo-źu, n. a species of duck, so called

because its entrails are always full. sup-tan'-ka, n. the large intestines. su-ska', adj. slow, tardy, good for nothing, worthless,-maśuśka, niśuśka.

śu-śka'-ka, n. a worthless fellow.

śu-ta', v. to miss, fail of, to be unable to obtain, -śuwata, suuntapi.

su-te'-ya, v. a. to cause to fail or miss,śutewaya.

T.

t, the twenty-third letter of the Dakota alphabet. ta, n. the moose. This may properly be considered as the generic term for all ruminating animals, since it enters into the composition of the names of most of them; as, tahinća, deer; tatanka, buffalo, etc.

ta, a prefix to such nouns as signify the various members of the body, limiting them to the corresponding parts in ruminating animals; as, ćeźi, the tongue, taćeźi, a buffalo tongue; pa, the head, tapa, a deer's head.

ta, prep. in comp. at, to, on; suffixed to nouns it gives them the force of adverbs; as, maka, the earth; makata, on the ground. See also 'ata ' and 'yata.'

ta, pron. in comp. his, hers, its; with 'pi' at the end of the noun, theirs.

ta-ćin'-ća, n. the young of deer, a fawn.
ta-ćin'-ća-dan, n. a fawn, a lamb.
ta-ćin'-ća-ha, n. a fawn-skin, calf-skin.

ta-do', n. fresh meat, the fresh meat of ruminat-
ing animals, as the deer and buffalo.
ta-do'-hde-ska, n. the oesophagus of the buffalo.
ta-do'-ta-hu, n. the windpipe of animals.
ta'-ġa, n. mini taga, froth, foam.

ta-ge', n. froth, foam, spittle, scum: tage elpeya, to skim, throw off the scum. ta-ġi'-ća, n. a species of tortoise.

ta-ġi'-ća-ha, n. a buffalo robe; chiefly used by the Sisitonwans and Ihanktonwans; i. q. ptehasina. Why a buffalo robe should be called tagićaha we have been unable to ascertain, except perhaps in contrast with the shell of the tortoise, or it may be from some fancied resemblance in shape.

ta-ġo'-śa, v. n. to spit, expectorate,-tagowasa, tagounśapi.

ta-ġu', n. an old buffalo bull, a poor scabby bull, whether old or not, a singed bull. ta-ha', n. a deer-skin.

ta-ha'-ba-hdo-ke, n. the slits cut in a hide by which it is stretched.

ta-han', n. a man's brother-in-law, a wife's brother, and a man's sister's husband; my brother-in-law: nitahan, thy brother-in-law. ta-han'-ki-ći-ya-yi, n. brothers-in-law.

ta-han'-si, n. a man's male cousin, my cousin. This does not include a father's brother's sons, who are brothers, nitahansi.

ta-han'-si-tku, n. his male cousin.

ta-han'-si-ya, v. a. to sustain the relation of male cousin to one,-tahanśiwaya. ta-han'-ya, v. a. to have for brother-in-law, sustain the relation of tahan to one,-tahanwaya. ta-ha'-sa-ka, n. dried skin, parchment. ta'-hdo-hu, n. the soft maple, Acer rubrum. ta-he'-ća-psun-wi, n. the moon in which the

deer shed their horns; December. ta-he'-dan, adv. on this side of. ta-he'-dan-tan-han, adv. on this side of. ta-he'-na, adv. (Thank.) on this side, i. q. itato. ta-he'-na-tan-han, adv. from this side of. ta-he'-pi, adv. by the way, on the road, between one place and another.

ta-he'-pi-ya, adv.

between places, in the space

between the earth and heaven. ta-hin', n. buffalo or deer's hair. ta-hin'-i-pa-staŋ, n. an instrument for scraping or currying skins. ta-hin'-spa, n. an awl, awls. ta-hin'-spa-ći-ka-dan, n. a needle, needles. ta-hin'ye-te, n. the shoulder of animals. ta-hin'-yo-ki-be, n. the joints of animals. ta-ho'-éo-ka, n. a court or open place. hoćoka.

ta-ho'-ka-ta, n. a spider's web.

See

ta-ho'-ka-taŋ, v. (taha and okatan) to stretch

out, as a hide, with pins,-tahowakatan. ta-hu', n. the back of the neck.

ta-hu'-ka, n. the hide of a buffalo, a green hide. ta-hu'-to-stan, n. the nape, the prominent articulation of the neck behind.

ta-han'-hin-hda, v. n. of tage; to froth or foam, as when any thing is thrown into water. ta-hóa, n. cont. of takinéa.

ta'-Kin-ća, n. the common deer, Cervus capreolus. ta'-hin-ća-ha, n. a deer-skin. See taha. ta'-hin-ća-ska, n. white deer, i. e. sheep. ta'-hin-ća-wa-nuŋ-yan-pi, n. tame deer, i. e.

sheep.

ta'-hin-wa-nun-yan-pi, n. sheep.

ta-hpa', n. the lower part of the neck and breast of animals; the part between the shoulders of a

man.

ta-hpi'-yo-ġin, n. ground-cherries.
ta-hpi'-yo-ġin, adj. ripe, fully ripe: i. q. suton;
tahpiyogin śni, not ripe.

tah-ton', v. of tage; to have scum.
ta-hu'-ha, n. the scrapings of hides or skins.
ta-hu'-sda-ha, n.
a summer robe.

ta-hu'-wa-pa-pe, n. the flesh that sticks to a

hide. ta'-ka, v. a. to roast off the hull, as of rice,-watáka, untákapi.

ta-kan', n.

the sinew taken from the back of the deer and buffalo, which is used by the Dakotas for thread, making bows, etc.

ta-kan'-ġi, n. the knee-pan, the patella. ta-kan'-he-ća, n. raspberries.

ta-kan'-he-ća-hu, n. raspberry bushes. ta-kan'-i-ta-zi-pe, n. a bow the back of which is overlaid with sinew.

ta-ka'-po-pa-pi, n. playing ball by striking. ta-ka'-psi-ća, v. to play ball by taking up the ball in the club and throwing it,-tawakapsića. ta-ka'-psi-ća-pi, n. ball-playing. ta-ki'-ća-po-pe, n. a ball-club for striking. ta-ki'-ća-psi-ća, n. a ball-club, a stick with a hoop at the end, interlaced so as to hold and carry the ball in readiness to be thrown. tak-i'-ħaŋ, v. (taku and ihan): takihan yahi he, what have you come to do?

ta-kin', v. n. to lean takin iyaya, to dodge. ta-kin'-yan, adv. leaning, not perpendicular: wi takinyan ya, said of the sun when it is half way up to the meridian. ta-ki'-yu-ha-wi, n. the moon when the deer copulate; November.

ta-ko'-da, n. Used with the pronouns; as, mitakoda, my friend; nitakoda, thy friend; takodaku, his friend. See koda.

ta-ko'-da-ki-ći-ya-pi, n. particular friends. ta-ko'-da-ku, n. his particular friend. ta-ko'-da-ya, v. a. to have one for a particular friend,-takodawaya.

ta-ko'-mni, adv. nevertheless, still, always, at any time, ever with śni following, at no time. ta-koś', n. a son-in-law or daughter-in-law, my son-in-law, etc.; nephews and nieces by marriage. ta-koś'-ku, n. his or her son-in-law or daughterin-law.

ta-koś'-ya, v. a. to have for son-in-law or daugh

ter-in-law,—takośwaya.

ta-ko'-ża, n. a grandchild, my grandchild,-mitakoża, nitakoża. ta-ko'-za-kpa-ku, n. his or her grandchild.

Takoźakpa is not used alone.

ta-ko'-za-tpa-ku, n. his or her grandchild. ta-ko'-za-ya, v. a. to have for grandchild,—takożawaya, takoźaunyanpi.

ta-kpe', v. a. to come upon, attack; sometimes used in a good sense, to visit,-tawakpe, taunkpepi takpe hi, to come to attack; takpe i, to have been to attack; takpe ya, to go to attack; takpe u, to be coming to attack.

ta-kpe'-ya, adv. attacking.

ta'-ku, n. something.

ta'-ku, interrog. pron. what? taku yaćin he, what

dost thou want?

ta-ku', n. a relative, kindred. See takuya. ta'-ku-ća, pron. interrog. what?

ta'-ku-daŋ, n. dim. of táku; a trifle, nothing,

mostly followed by śni, as, takudaŋ waćiŋ śni, I want nothing.

ta'-ku-da-śni, v. a. to count as nothing, not to regard; to be patient, submissive in suffering,takuwadaśni.

ta-ku'-ki-ći-ya-pi, n. relatives, relationship. ta'-ku-ku, n. red. of táku; small articles, trinkets. ta'-ku-ma-ni-ni-na, n. moths and other small grubs.

ta-ku'-mna, v. n. to have taste or smell; takumna śni, to be without smell, taste, or aroma; unpalatable.

ta'-ku-ni-śni, v. n. to come to nothing, fail, perish,-matakuniśni.

ta'-ku-ni-śni-yan, adv. gone to nothing, perish

ing.

ta'-ku-sa-sa, n. bed-bugs; any red thing. Ta'-ku-skan-skaŋ, n. one of the Dakota gods, the moving god or god of motion. ta'-ku-śni, n. nothing.

ta'-ku-śni-śni, n. small articles. ta-ku'-ya, v. a. to have one for a relation,-ta

kuwaya, takuunyanpi, takumayan, takućiya. ta-ku'-ye, n. a relative,―mitakuye, uŋkitakuyepi.

ta'-ma-he, n. the pike, a kind of fish.

ta'-ma-he-ća, adj. poor, lean, not fat,―matamaheća, untamahećapi.

ta'-ma-hen, adv. See tanmahen. ta'-ma-hen-he-ća, adj. red. of tamaheća. ta'-ma-hen-ya, adv. poorly, not in a fat state. ta'-ma-ka, adj. poor, lean: pte tamaka, a lean

cow.

ta-mda', n. See tanmda.

ta'-mdo-hu, n. the shoulder-blade of animals. ta-mdo'-ka, n. the male of the common deer, a

buck. tam-ki'-ya, v. a. to say much to one about any thing, to blame, talk roughly to,-tamwakiya, tamuŋkiyapi, tammakiya.

ta-mni', n. the womb.

ta-mun'-ka, v. 1st pers. sing. of tawanka. tam-ya', v. n. to talk earnestly, vociferate; to complain, murmur, blame one,-tamwamda, tamyada, tamunyanpi.

ta-na'-gi-dan, n. a species of humming-bird. ta-na'-kpa-he-ća, n. a species of flag with a large root growing in water.

ta-na'-wi-ti-će, n. the little bulbous piece of meat on the fore-leg.

ta-ni', adj. old. See taŋni.

ta-ni'-ġe, n. the paunch of a buffalo, etc. ta-ni'-han, adv. long ago. See tannihan. ta-nih'-yu-sku, v. to empty the paunch of a buffalo, etc.

ta-ni'-ka, adj. old. See taŋnika. ta-ni'-ya, n.

niya.

his or her breath or life. See wo

tan, cont. of tanćan; as, tanton. tan, cont. of taŋka; as, minitaŋ. tan. See yutan.

tan, prep. or adv. suffixed; as in hećiyatan. tan, n. the side of an animal, the meat taken off the ribs tan wanźidan, one piece of meat. tan-a'-ta-ye-dan, adv. individually, directly, in person tanatayedaŋ hdaźużu, to pay each one for himself.

tan-ćan', n. the body,-mitanćan, untanćanpi: the body or principal part of any thing, as of a tree, etc. tan-ćan'-ka, n. the chief, the principal. tan-ćan'-ki-ya, v. a. to make great; to prefer, consider chief,-tanćan wakiya. tan-ćan'-ton, v. to have a body; to be ripe, full

tan-han', prep. from; as, hećiya tanhan. tan-hda'-kin-yan, adv. crosswise, across something else. tan-hdu'-s'a-s'a-se-ća, v. to be frightened, as at a ghost, frightened at any thing; to be made sick by seeing any thing,-tan mahdus'as'a seća. tan-hdu'-s'a-s'a-ya, adv. in a state of fright. tan-in', v. n. to appear, be manifest, be visible,— matanin.

tan-in'-in, v. n. red. of tanin; to appear occasionally, as one passing under a hill, or as the sun through clouds. tan-in'-in-yan, adv. red. of taninyan; appearing occasionally: tanininyan iyaya.