a, the first letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has

but one uniform sound, that of a in father. a, an inseparable preposition or prefix. 1. Prefixed to verbs and adjectives, it usually

means on or upon : as, mağazu, to rain, amağazu, to rain on ; mani, to walk, amani, to walk on; han, to stand, ahan, to stand on ; waste, good, awaste, to be good on or

in addition to, to become, befit. 2. In some cases it gives a causative meaning to

the verb: as, u, to come, au, to bring ; ya,

to go, aya, to take. 3. It forms a collective plural in the case of some

verbs of motion : as, au, they come ; aya,

they go; ahi, they have arrived. 4. Prefixed to nouns, it sometimes makes adverbs :

as, wanića, none, awanin or awaninya, in a destroying way; paha, a hill, apahaya, hill

like. 5. It makes nouns of some verbs : as, bapta, to

cut off from, abapte, a cutting on, can aba

pte, a cutting-board. a, intj. inseparable, expressing incredulity or con

tempt. It is usually followed by ka or kača: as awasteka, amakukaća.

the armpit. a. v. imperat. only; hark, listen : a, a wo, a ye;

pl. a po, am, a miye. a-a', n.

mould. a-a', adj. mouldy. a-a', v. n. to mould, become mouldy. a-a'-mna, v. n. (aa and omna) to smell mouldy. a-ba'-hda, v. a. to shave off with a knife, as the fat

from guts,-abawahda, abayahda. a-ba'-hda-hda, v, red, of abahda. a-ba'-ka, v. a. (a and baka) to cut or split the feather from a quill; fig. to be straight or without wrong doing : abakapi se wauŋ,-abawaka.

a-ba'-ke-za, v. a. (a and bakeza) to cut off smooth,

as a feather for an arrow,-abawakeza, abaya

keza. a-ba'-kpan, v. a. (a and bakpan) to cut fine

on, make fine on, as in cutting tobacco: can abakpan, a tobacco-board,-abawakpan, abaya

kpan. a-ba'-ksa, v. a. (a and baksa) to cut off, as a

stick, on any thing, with a knife,-abawaksa,

abauŋksapi. a-ba'-ksa-ksa, v. red. of abaksa. a-ba'-kśiś, v. cont. of abakšiza: abaksis iyeya,

to double or shut up, as a knife, on any thing. a-ba'-ksi-za, v. a. (a and bakšiza) to shut up on,

as a pocket-knife,-abawakšiza, abayaksiza. a-ba'-ķe-za, v. a. (a and bakeza) to split the fea

ther end of a quill ; to cut off, as the ribs of an animal on,abawakeza, abayaşeza, abaunķe

zapi. a-ba'-mda-za, v. a. (a and bamdaza) to cut or

rip open on, -abawamdaza, abayamdaza, abaun

mdazapi. a-ba'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and bamdeća) to break

by cutting on any thing, as something brittle ; to cut up in pieces on,-abawamdeća, abayamdeća,

abaunmdeéapi. a-ba'-mden, v. cont. of abamdeća: abamden

iyeya. a-ba'-pon, cont. of abapota. a-ba'-po-ta, v. a. (a and bapota) to cut in pieces

on, destroy on any thing, by cutting with a knife,

-abawapota, abayapota, abaunpotapi. a-ba'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and bapsaka) to cut off on

as a cord or string, with a knife,-abawapsaka,

abayapsaka, abaupsakapi. a-ba'-pta, v. a. (a and bapta) to cut off from, as.

a piece; to cut on, as clothes on a board,-aba-wapta, abayapta, abaunptapi.

a, n.

a-ba'-pte, n. can abapte, a cutting-board. a-ba'-ptuś, v. cont. of abaptuża: abaptuś iyeya. a-ba'-ptu-ża, v. a. (a and baptuża) to split or

crack by cutting on any thing; to crack or split, as a knife-handle, in cutting on any thing, ----aba

waptuža, abayaptuża. a-ba'-so, v. a. (a and baso) to cut off a string from ; to cut a string on any thing, -abawaso,

abayaso. a-ba'-so-so, v. red. of abaso; to cut strings from ;

to cut into strings on,-abawasoso. a-ba'-śda, v. a. (a and baśda) to make bare on,

shave off with a knife on; to cul, as grass, in addition to what is already done,-abawaśda,

abayaśda, abaunsdapi. a-ba'tpan, v. a. Same as abakpan, which see. a-ba'-żan, v. cont. of abażata : abażan ośtan, to sit

astride, be placed on astride. a-ba'-za-ta, v. a. (a and bazata) to make a split

on,-abawaźata. a-bo'-ksa, v. a. (a and boksa) to break off by

shooting on; to break off by punching on,--abo

waksa, aboyaksa, abounksapi. a-bo'-ku-ka, v. a. (a and bokuka) to shoot or

punch to pieces on,-abowakuka, aboyakuka, abo

unkukapi. a-bo'-ķe-ga, v. a. (a and bokega) to miss fire

on, as in trying to shoot; to snap a gun on, abowaķeġa, aboyaķeġa, abounkegapi, aboma

kega. a-bo'-ķeh, v. cont. of aboķeġa : abokeh iyeya. a-bo'-mda-za, v. a. (a and bomdaza) to tear open

by shooting on any thing,-abowamdaza, aboya

mdaza. a-bo'-mde-ca, v. a. (a and bomdeća) to break in

pieces by shooting or punching on,--abowamdeća,

aboyamdeća, abouŋmdeéapi. a-bo'-mden, v. cont. of abomdeća: abomden

iyeya. a-bo'-mdu, v. n. (a and bomdu) to blow up on,

as by the wind; to bubble up on, as water; said when a multitude gathers around one,-aboma

mdu. a-bo'-mdu-mdu, v. red. of abomdu; to bubble vp,

as water. a-bo'-po-ta, v. a. (a and bopota) to shoot to pieces

on any thing,-abowapota, aboyapota, abouypo

tapi. a-bo'-psa-ka, v. a. (a and bopsaka) to break off,

as a cord, by shooting on,-abowapsaka, aboya

psaka. a-bo'-pta, v. a. (a and bopta) to punch off a piece,

by striking on any thing, with the end of a stick,

-abowapta, aboyapta, abouŋptapi. a-bo'-ptuś, v. cont. of aboptuza: aboptuś iyeya.

a-bo'-ptu-ża, v. a. (a and boptuža) to split or

crack, as an arrow, by shooting against any thing; or, as a stick, in punching,-abowaptuża, aboya

ptuža, abouŋptužapi. a-bo'-śda, v. a. (a and bośda) to make bare on

by punching,-abowaśda. a-bo'-śdo-ka, v. a. (a and bośdoka) to shoot off

on; to empty the contents of a gun on any thing, by shooting at it: mazakay abośdoka,-abowa

śdoka, aboyaśdoka, abouyśdokapi. a-bo'-ta-ku-ni-śni, v. a. (a and botakuniśni) to

destroy by shooting or punching on any thing, abowatakuniśni, aboyatakunišni, abountakunipi

śni. a-ca'-ġa, v. n. (a and éaga) to freeze in, on, or

upon ; to become ice upon,-amacaga. a-ca'-ga-śda-ya, adj. all smooth with ice, icy.

Same as aéalisdaya. a-cah'-sna-sna, v. n. (a čaga and snasna) to rat

tle, as icicles formed on any thing. a-cah-sda-ya, adj. (a čaġa and śdaya) all icy,

covered with ice, as trees when rain is frozen

on them. a-ca'-ksin, v. a. to step over, pass over, jump

over ; to avoid, pass by, neglect ; to transgress,aćawakšin, aćayaksin, aćaunksinpi, atamaksin,

aéaliksiy, etc. ; woaćaksiy, passing over. a-ca'-kšin-ya, v. a. to cause to pass over,-aća

ksin waya, acaksinmayan. a-ca'-ksin-yan, adv. passing over. a-can-can, v. n. (a and canćan) to shake on

account of, -amaćanéan. a'-can-can, v. a. to apply oneself to intensely :

áčanéan hinéa; účanéan econpi, i. q. akiptan

econpi,--awaćanéan, áyacancan. a-can'-ka-śka, v. a. (a can and kaska) to bind

wood on; to inclose on, fence in,-aéaŋwaka

ska. a-ćan'-ku-ya, v. a. (a éanku and ya) to make a

road on ; to pass through on,-aćankuwaya. a-can'-ku-ya, adv. lying on, as a road; passing

through a-can'-ni-yan, v. n. (a and canniyan) to be

angry for,-aćaymaniyan, acanniniyan, acanni

unyanpi. a-can'-ni-ye-ya, v. a. to be angry at one on

account of something,-aćanniyewaya, acanni

yeunyanpi. a-can'-nun-pa, v. a. (a and cannunpa) to smoke

on or after, as after eating,-aćannunmunpa.

See éannunpa. a-can'-te-si-ca, v. n. (a čante and sića) to be sad

on account of. See ićantesića. a-can'-te-sin-ya, adv. sorrowfully for. a-can'-te-sin-ya-ken, adv. sadly for.