do-ya'-ken, adv. in a moist condition. du-kan'-pi, v. 2d pers. pl. of yukan; you are. dun, cont. of duta.

dun-ya', v. a. to color red or scarlet,-dunwaya, dunyaya.

dus, adv. swiftly: dus ya, to go fast, dus mda. dus-du'-za-han, v. red. of duzahan. dus-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to be swift. dus-ya', v. to make swift,-duswaya. du'-ta, adj. red, scarlet.

du'-za, v. 2d pers. sing. of yuza; thou holdest. du'-za-han, v. n. to be swift, fast running,-waduzahan, yaduzahan, unduzahanpi.

E.

e, the sixth letter of the Dakota alphabet, with the long sound of English a, as in late, fate, etc.

e, an inseparable preposition or prefix.

1. Prefixed to verbs it commonly signifies, to, at, and is equivalent to ekta, as eelpeya, to throw away at a place.

2. Of some verbs commencing with i, it makes a collective plural form: as, inaźin, he stands, enaźin, they stand; iyaya, he has gone, eyaya, they have gone. e, intj. ah! well! said when one misses his mark in shooting.

e, a particle, used commonly after the sign of the future tense, when it is followed by a statement of the cause of what precedes, as, tanyan yaun kta e heon hećamon, I have done this that it might be well with thee. It also occurs in hee and dee, and seems to have the force of the substantive verb.

e-ća', adv. when. See remarks under 'ća.' It

is also used, as in the cases which follow, to give emphasis.

e-ća', adv. permanently, as eća waun. e-ća', adv. at random, not truly: eća hećonka, he did it in fun; eća hepeća, I said it in sport. e-ća'-ća, adv. at all, by any means, so, entirely; with śni following, not at all: ećaća yuhe kte śni, he will not have it at all; ećaća hi śni, he did not come at all.

e-ća'-ća-dan, adv. red. of ećadan; soon, referring

to more than one event.

e-ća'-ća-ka-eś, adv. indeed. e-ća'-dan, adv. soon.

e-ća'-dan-hin, adv. very soon.

e-ća'-e-ćon-ka, v. n. to follow, as a business; to pretend; to do as one likes,-ećaećamoŋka. e-ća'-eś, adv. indeed, truly.

e-ća'-han-ke-ya, adv. immediately, immediately after, at that time, continuously.

e-ća'-hin, adv. truly.

e-ćah'-tin, adv. (Sisit.) indeed.

e-ća'-i-ći-źe-han, adv. often. See iźehan. e-ća'-ka-eś, adv. at any rate.

e-ća'-ka-tin, adv. directly.

e-ća'-ka-tin-yan, adv. directly, straight forward,

without stoppage. e-ća'-ken, adv. generally.

e-ća'-ken-eś, adv. at any rate.

e-ća'-ki-ći-ćon-pi, v. pl. they do to each other. e-ća'-ki-ćon, v. of econ; to do to one,-ećawećon, ećayećon, ećaunkićonpi, ećaćićon, ećamiyećon.

e-ća'-ki-oŋ, v. of econ; to do to; ećakićon is the better form,-ećawakion, ećayakion, ećaunkionpi, ećamion, ećanion.

e-ća'-mna, adj. having smell or taste, fragrant,

savory.

e-ćan'-kin, v. a. to think so of, form an opinion of one,-ećan wakin, ećanyakin, ećanunkinpi, ećanćićin ećanmayakin, thou thinkest so of me. e-ća'-on, v. to do to one,-ećawaon, ećayaon. e-ća'-o-wan-ća-ya, adv. all over. e-ća'-o-wa-sin, adv. all, emphatically. e-ća'-o-ya-ke-ya, adv. telling, in the manner of relating.

e-cas', adv. indeed. Same as ećaeś. e'-ća-ta, v. to draw a bow,-éwakata, éyakata, éunkatapi.

e-ća'-wi-ći-śni-yan, adv. wrongly, entirely

e-ća'-yu-hi, n. something that is all over buboes, as a toad.

e-će', adv. only, usually, always: kośka eće, young men alone; dehan waźuśteća yukaŋ eće, at this time there are usually strawberries; maġażu eća maka spaya eće, when it rains the ground is always wet.

e-će'-ća, adv. thus, so. e-će'-ća, v. n. to be so, be affected with, as with a cold or disease of any kind; to be like,-emaćeća, enićeća, unkećećapi.

e-će'-ća-ke, adv. just so, even so, that alone.

e-će'-će-dan, adv. red. of ećedan.

e'-će-dan, adv. only, alone, without any thing extraneous.

e'-će-dan-ya, v. a. to purify, take away every

thing extraneous,―éćedanwaya. e-će'-e-dan, adv. only, that only.

e-će'-hna, adv. just so, without alteration or

change ećehna han, remaining just so. e-će'-hna-hna, v. red. of ećehna.

e-će'-hna-na, adv. only so, just so, nothing more. e-ćeh', adv. times; well: topa ećeh topa, four times four; ećeh tuka će, well, so it is, said when one is badly off for some particular thing, although well off in most respects.

e-će'-kćen, adv. red. of ećen; in this manner or way; so and so, thus and thus. e-će'-kćen-ya, adv. thus and thus.

e-ćen', adv. so, thus, as it was, as it ought to be: ećen iću, to place as it was; tiyopa ećen iću, shut the door.

e-ćeś', intj. of unwillingness.

e'-će-ti, v. (ekta and ćeti) to build a fire to or at,-éćewati, éćeyati, éćeuntipi.

e-će'-tu, adv. so, thus; just, right.

e-će'-tu, v. n. to be accomplished or fulfilled. From

this are formed ekićićetu, ekićetu, yuećetu, etc. e-će'-tu-ki-ya, v. a. to make so, to accomplish, fulfil,-ećetuwakiya.

e-će'-tu-ya, v. a. to fulfil, accomplish, bring about,-ećetuwaya, ećetuyaya, ećetuunyanpi. e-će'-wa-kta, v. to attend to, to pursue such a course; to be accustomed to,-ećewawakta, ećewayakta, ećewauŋktapi.

e-će'-win, adv. very much; i. q. ota: ećewin mayaku, thou hast given me much. See ićewin. e-će'-win-yan, adv. bountifully, liberally. e-će'-ye-dan, adv. only so.

e-ći'-ći-ya, v. of ećiya; I say to thee.

· e-ćin', v. n. to think, suppose,-ećanmi, ećanni, unkećinpi.

e-ćin', adv. to-day, soon, now, always referring to the future; then indeed.

: e-ćin'-e-sta, adv. even to-day, by and by. e-ćin'-ka, v. Same as ećin; to think, to hesitate or waver in one's opinions,-ećaŋmika. e-ćin'-kta, adv. falsely, not truly ećinkta eya, to tell what is not so.

e-ćin'-na-ke-ćin-han, adv. soon, presently, in a little while.

e-ćin'-śni, adj. thoughtless, foolish, vain. e-ćin'-śni-yan, adv. thoughtlessly, foolishly, wrong ećinśniyan ećamon, I have done foolishly.

e-ćin'-to, adv. what of it? The 'to' is probably a contraction of tokeća.

e'-ći-pa, v. n. of akipa; to meet together, as two ends of any thing, or as two armies in battle, -éćipapi.

e'-ći-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to meet together, as the two ends of any thing,-éćipewaya.

e'-ći-ptan, adv. of akiptan; together: éćiptan ećonkupi, we do it together.

e'-ći-ta-pa, adj. agreeing with each other, fitted to, all of the same length. e'-ći-to-o-pta, adv.

thing.

in the direction of, by any

e'-ći-to-o-pte-ya, adv. directly by, in the direction of.

e-ći'-ya, v. a. of eya; to say to one,-ewakiya,

eyakiya, unkekiyapi, emakiya, enićiya, ećićiya, emayakiya; unkekićiyapi, we say to each other. e-ći'-ya-pi, v. 3d pers. pl. of ećiya; also part., called, named: hećen ećiyapi, he is so called. e-ći'-ya-tan, adv. from, thence, hence. e-ći'-ya-tan-han, adv. from, of, on account of, concerning, hence.

e'-ći-yu-pta, v. of ayupta; to answer one another ; i. q. akićiyuptapi: éćiunyuptapi, we answer one another.

e-ćon', v. a. to do, to work,-ećamon, ećanon, ećoŋkupi and ećoŋkonpi. Of this are formed ećakićon, ećakićićon, and ećakion.

e-ćon'-ka-p'in, v. to be tired of doing, not to want to do,-ećon wakap'in, ećonun kap'inpi. See kap'in.

e-ćon'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to do any thing,e-ćon'-na, v. dim. of ecoŋ.

e-ćon'-na, v. n. to gamble, play where any thing is staked,-ećamoŋna, ećanonna, ećoŋkupidan. e-ćon'-pi-ća, v. it can be done, is possible. Pića, when joined to verbs, denotes possibility. e-ćon'-pi-ća-ka, v. it is possible ećonpića śni, it is not possible, cannot be done. e-ćon'-pi-dan, n. gambling. See oećonna. e'-e, v. it is, that is. This, with hee, dee, etc., includes the substantive verb. e'-e-ća-haŋ, v. See ećahan.

e'-e-hpe-ki-ya, v. a. to take to and leave at, to throw away at,-éehpewakiya. e'-e-hpe-ya, v. a. to take to and leave,―éelpe

waya.

e-e'-ki-ya, v. a. to substitute for, put for another; to regard as being something: taku samya wanke ćin he tatanka eewakiya, that black thing I take to be a buffalo.

e-es', adv. indeed. John i. 50. e-ha'-eś, adv. indeed, truly. e-ha'-ha, v. red. 2d pers. of eya. e-ha'-ha-dan-ka, v. 2d pers. of eyayadanka; don't say so. A bye word.

you

e-ha'-ke-dan-ke-ćin-han, adv. soon.

e-han', adv. then, at that time: he ehan, at that time, referring to past time alone;-there, at that place, to, thus far: ehan wai, I have been there; ehan unkipi, we have been there.

e-han', intj. of assent; oh yes! yes; i. q. han. The last syllable is prolonged. e-han'-kon, adv. indeed. This word is used when one is informed or convinced of something which he has doubted or disbelieved, or has been ignorant of. It is sometimes followed by hunste, as ehan kon wićakapi hunśte, well, that is true. e-han'-na, adv. long ago.

e-han'-na-tan-han, adv. from a long time ago. e-han'-tan-han, adv. from, from that time or place: hipi kin ehantanhan yamni ćan, it is three days since they came. e-han'-tu, adv. at that time. e-han'-tu-dan, adv. then. e-han'-tu-dan-hin, adv. just then.

e'-hda-ku, v. pos. of éyaku; to take up again,

take back again; to take up one's own,—éwahdaku, éyahdaku, éuŋhdakupi.

e'-hde, v. a. to place, set or make stand in a place, -éwahde, éyahde, éunhdepi.

e'-hde-ġa, v. to overtake,-éwahdega, éyahdega.

e'-hdu-za, v. pos. of éyuza; to overtake and take one's own; to retaliate,-éwahduza. e-he'-dan, v. dim. of eha; thou saidst so. Used when speaking to a child.

e-he'-dan, intj. thou sayest so. A bye word. e'-hna, prep. with, in, amongst, through, in the midst of wićehna, amongst them.

e'-hnag, cont. of éhnaka; éhnag aya, to take and lay away.

e'-hna-hna, prep. red. of éhna.

e'-hna-ka, v. a. to lay down or place; to lay away, to put off or delay; to stop from, let rest, lay aside, as some matter of business,―éwahnaka, éunhnakapi, and unkehnakapi.

e'-hna-na, adv. amongst.

e'-ha, v. a. of ha; to take to and bury at a place, -éwaha.

e-hpa'-ya, v. n. See ihpaya, the better orthography.

e-hpe'-ki-ći-ći-ya-pi, n. throwing each other away, divorcement.

e-hpe'-ki-ći-ya, v. taku ehpekićiya aku, they throw away things as they return. e-hpe'-ki-ya, v. a. pos. of elipeya; to throw away, forsake, leave one's own: winohinća elpekiya, he has put away his wife,-elpewakiya, ehpeunkiyapi.

e-hpe'-ya, v. a. to throw away, put aside, leave, forsake toki eĥpeya, to lose any thing,-elpewaya, ehpeunyanpi.

See

e-hta'-ka-dan, intj. indeed! e-hta'-ka-des, intj. indeed! e-hta'-ka-es, intj. indeed! e'-i-hda-ku, v. reflex. of éhdaku; to take away or deliver oneself,-émihdaku, énihdaku. e'-ka-ta, v. to put the arrow to the string, draw the bow,-éwakata, éyakata, éuŋkatapi. éćata, which is more correct. e-ki'-će-tu, v. n. pos. of ećetu; to recover, become as before,-emakićetu, enikićetu, eunkićetupi. e-ki'-će-tu-ya, v. a. to cause to recover, make right again; to restore, raise up from the dead, -ekićetuwaya, ekićetuyaya, ekićetuunyanpi. e-ki'-ći-će-tu, v. n. to become as before to or for

one,―emićićetu, enićićetu, euŋkićićetupi. e'-ki-ći-hda-ku, v. pos. to take one's own from another; to take away what one has given,-éwećihdaku, éyećihdaku, éuŋkićihdakupi, émićihdakupi.

e'-ki-ći-hde, v. of éhde; to place for one,-éwećihde, éyećihde, éunkićihdepi. e'-ki-ći-hdu-za, v. of éhduza; to take one's own from another; to retaliate,-éwećihduza. e'-ki-ći-hna-ka, v. of éhnaka; to lay away for one, put away and keep for one,-éwećihnaka, éyećihnaka, éunkićihnakapi, émićihnaka. e'-ki-ći-on-pa, v. of éonpa; to place or set as a trap for any thing,-éwećionpa, éyećionpa, éunkićionpapi.

e'-ki-ći-pa, v. of akipa; to meet, launch out to,— éwećipa, éunkićipapi.

e'-ki-ći-pa-zo, v. of épazo; to point to for one,

-éwećipazo, éyećipazo, éunkićipazopi. e-ki'-ći-ya, v. used only in the dual and plural: ekićiyapi, they said to each other; unkekićiya, we two say to each other. See ećiya. e'-ki-ći-ya-ku, v. of éyaku; to take from one, -éwećiyaku, éyećiyaku, éunkićiyakupi. e'-ki-ći-źu, v. of eźu; to pile up for one; to hand over to another, as to one who wins in gambling,-éwećiżu, éuŋkićiźupi. e'-ki--hde, v. pos. of éhde; to place or lay away one's own,-éwehde, éyehde, éuŋkihdepi. e'-ki-hde-ġa, v. to overtake one,—éwehdeġa, éyehdeġa, éunkihdeġapi, éćihdeġa, émihdeġa, énihdega; éwićunkihdeġapi, we overtake them.

e'-ki-hna-ka, v. pos. of éhnaka; to lay away one's own,-éwehnaka, éunkihnakapi. e'-ki-pa-zo, v. of épazo; to show to one, point to for one,-éwakipazo, éyakipazo, éunkipazopi, émakipazo.

e'-kna, prep. (Thank.) Same as éhna. e'-kna-ka, v. (Thank.) Same as éhnaka. e-kta', prep. at, to: ekta mde kta, I will go to. e-kta'-ki-ya, adv. to, towards. e-kta'-kta, prep. red. of ekta.

e-kta'-śni-yan, adv. not according to.

e-ke', compound rel. pron. that which, that itself, even that. It refers to some person or thing before mentioned.

e-kes', pron. Same as eke.

en, prep. in, at, to, of, or concerning: en ai, to charge upon one, lay to one's charge; en au, to bring upon one; en aya, to lay to one's charge; en amda, I take to or charge upon one. e-na'-ki-ya, v. a. to finish, quit, cease from,—

enawakiya, enauŋkiyapi.

e-na'-na, adv. here and there.

e-na'-na-ki-ya, adv. scattered, here and there: enanakiya iyayapi.

e'-nan-pa, v. See énapa.

e'-na-pa, v. col. pl. of inapa; they come in sight. e'-na-pe-ya, adv. coming in sight, coming out of. e'-na-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to come out, bring forward; to speak audibly, tell, relate, make known,―énapewaya, énapeyaya, énapeunyanpi; ho énapeye śni, he does not make his voice heard.

to cause to come in sight;

e'-na-zin, v. n. to stand at a place,―enauŋźinpi. e'-na-źin, v. n. col. pl. of inazin; they stand there.

e'-na-zin-ya, v. a. to cause to stand at; to bring to a stand, as one following deer, when he overtakes it,―énaźiŋwaya.

e-ni'-ći-ći-ya, adv. scattered abroad; i. q. enanakiya.

e-ni'-ći-ya, v. of ećiya; he says to thee.

e'-o-ka-siŋ, v. See éyokasin, the better orthography.

e'-on-pa, v. a. to place, lay, to set as a trap,éwaonpa, éyaonpa, éunkonpapi.

e-pa', v. 1st pers. sing. of eya; I said. e'-pa-hpa, v. a. to take to and lay down at,

éwapahpa, éyapalpa, éunpakpapi. e-pa'-pa, v. red. of epa.

e'-pa-zo, v. a. to point at, point to,-éwapazo,

éyapazo, éunpazopi.

e-pća', v. 1st. pers. sing. I think: epće ćikon, I

thought. This is the only person used. See

hepća and kepća.

e-pća'-ken, adv. as I think.

e-pe'-dan, v. dim. of epa.

e-pe'-dan, intj. I said so, I told you so. es, particle. John xi. 56.

e-sta', conj. though, although, even if hećamon eśta waśte kte śni, although I should do that, it would not be well. It is used singularly in some phrases, as mayaku eśta śni, why don't you give it to me? mayaku śni eśta śni, thou needest not give it to me; maku śni eśta kta, do not give it

to me.

e-stan'-han, conj. although: hi eśtaŋhaŋ sdonwaye śni, although he has come I do not know it. e-stas', intj. indeed!

e-tan'-han, prep. from, on account of, concerning.

e-ta'-pa, n. the right hand,―ematapa and mietapa, enitapa and nietapa: etapa ećiyatanhan, at the right hand; tan etapatanhan, at the right side.

e-ta'-pa, adj. right-handed,―ematapa, enitapa, euntapapi.

e-ta'-pa-tan-han, adj. at the right hand of,ematapatan han.

e'-ti, v. a. to encamp at, pitch a tent at,-éwati, éyati, éuntipi.

e'-tki-ya, adv. towards: étkiya ya, to go towards, to make a motion to go towards. e'-ton-wan, v. a. to look to or towards,-éwatonwan, éyatonwan, éuntonwanpi, ématonwan. e-to'-o-pta, adv. in the direction of, through or by an object, straight through without stopping. e-to'-o-pte-ya, adv. by, through, straight through. e-to'-o-pte-ya-ken, adv. in the direction of, by. e-to'-pte-ya, adv. by, towards, through. e'-tu, adv. to, at, in: he étu, at that place. e'-un, v. to go and dwell or be,-éwaun, éyaun. e'-wa-ćin, v. a. to think of or concerning; to set the mind to, turn the attention to,-éwaćaŋmi, éwaćaŋni, éwaunćinpi.

e'-wan-ka, v. a. to go and sleep at,-émunka, énunka. Not often used in the singular. e'-wan-ka, v. col. pl. of iwanka. e'-ya, adv. also, too: miś eya, I also. e'-ya, v. to say any thing,-epa, eha, unkeyapi, ehapi, eyapi. From this come heya, keya, ećiya, ekićiya, and éyaya.

e'-ya-ća-śton, v. to give a name to. See caston. e'-ya-han, v. col. pl. of iyahan.

e'-ya-he, v. Same as éyahan.

e'-ya-hin-hda, v. to commence or burst out saying.

e'-ya-ke, adv. also, too.

e'-ya-ku, v. a. to take up, take away,-émdaku,

édaku, éunyakupi.

e'-ya-ni-yan, v. to cry out, to say calling out. e'-yan-pa-ha, v. to herald, proclaim aloud; to stand out and make a speech in camp,-éyanwapaha, éyanyapaha, éyanunpahapi. e'-yan-pa-ha, n. a crier, herald, one who proclaims the decisions of councils. e'-ya-pa-to, v. n. to strike against one, butt against,-eyamapato, eyanipato, eyaunpatopi. e-ya'-ya, v. red. of eya; to say often, repeat,—

epapa, ehaha, unkeyayapi.

e'-ya-ya, v. a. to take or have taken with one,émdamde, édade, éunyayapi: makeyaya, he has taken away something of mine. See keyaya. e'-ya-ya, v. col. pl. of iyaya; they have gone. e'-yo-ka-kin, v. a. to look round into, as in at a door partly open,-éyowakakiŋ, éyouŋkakinpi. e'-yo-ka-sin, v. a. to peep in, as at a key-hole; to look in by stealth,-éyowakasin, éyounkasinpi. e'-yu-hpa, v. a. to take and lay down at, to take off one's pack and rest at,-émdulipa. e'-yu-kaŋ, v. col. pl. they go and stay. Same as iyukanpi. e'-yu-za, v. a. to go and take at, seize and hold at or on the way; to hold to or at,-émduza. e-ze', intj. expressing surprise and unbelief. e'-żu, v. a. to pile up, lay up in a pile,-éważu. e'-zu-pi, part. piled up.

G.

g, the seventh letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has the sound of g in good, glad, etc. It occurs in the Dakota language only at the end of a syllable, and as a contraction of ka, except in the Titonwan dialect, where gl is used in the place of hd and hn of the Wahpetonwaŋ and kd and kn of the Ihanktonwan dialects.

gla, v. n. to go to one's home,-wagla. Same as hda.

gla'-wa, v. a. to read one's own,-waglawa.

Same as hdawa.

gli, v. n. to come home,—wagli. Same as hdi. gli-ću', v. n. to start to come home,-wagliću. Same as hdiću.

gli-gla', v. n. to pass on going home,-wagligla. Same as hnihda.

glo-gla', v. a. to carry back home,-waglogla. Same as hdohda.

glo-gli,' v. a. to bring back home,-waglogli. Same as hdohdi.

glu-kćan', v. a. to form an opinion of what concerns oneself,-waglukćan. Same as hdukćan.

NOTE. These words are only given as examples of this peculiarity of the Titon wan dialect.

gam, cont. of gapa.

gan, adj. open, full of little holes. ġan-ġan', adj. open, as thin cloth.

gan-ġan'-na, adj. thin, open, full of small holes. gan-gan'-ye-dan, adj. very sharp and thin, as the blade or bit of an axe: ganganyedan yuman, to grind sharp and thin.

ġan-ġa'-ta, adj. forked, pronged; open, as cloth. gan-ge'-ća, n. dandruff. See ginginća. ġa'-pa. See yuġapa.

ġa-pa'-wa-han, part. stripped off, come off of itself. See yugapa.

ġa'-ta, adj. forked, pronged: tahinća he yamni gata, a deer's horns have three prongs. ġe'-ća. See ġuġeća.

ġe-ġe'-ya, v. n. to swing, as one's arms, like a drunken man,-ġeġgeiçiya.

ge-ġe'-ya, adv. swinging, dangling.

ġi, adj. brown, dark gray, rusty-looking.
gi-ġi', adj. red. of gi; brown, rusty.
ġi-ġi', n. rust.

ġi-ġi'-tan-ka, n. oranges, lemons.

ġin'-ća, v. n. to snivel, grunt, sob,-waginća, yaginéa, unginéapi.

ġin-ġin'-ća, n. dross; quicksilver of lookingglasses; pa ginginća, dandruff (see heġinća); mahpi ginginća, certain webs, like spiders' webs, which are seen floating in the air in the fall of

the year.

ġin-ġin'-ća, adj. smoky, hazy, as Indian summer. gi-tka', adj. brownish.

gi-tka'-dan, adj. a little brownish.

ġi-tka'-tka, adj. red. of ġitka; reddish, brownish, or yellowish. ġi-ya', v. a.

to make brown,-giwaya, giyaya, giunyanpi; giiçiya, to make oneself brown,—ġimiçiya.

ġi-ya', adv. brownly: ġiya span, cooked brown. gom-ġom', cont. of gomġopa: gomġom niya, to breathe with difficulty, as one snoring. ġom-ġo'-pa, v. red. of ġopa. gom'-ya, adv. in a snoring manner. ġon'-ġa, adj. ista ġonġa, blind, one blind,-ista magonga, ista nigonga, iśta ungongapi. ġo'-pa, v. n. to snore,-wagopa, yagopa, ungopapi.