hu'-ġa, part. broken in. See kahuġa.
hu-ġa'-han, part. broken in.
hu-ġa'-wa-han, part. broken in.
hu-ge'-ća, n. See gugeća.

hu-ha', n. the scrapings or shavings of hides, taken off in making them thin enough for robes, and which are eaten by the Dakotas. See tahuha.

hu-hna'-ġa, v. n. hu-hnah'-ya, v. a.

to burn up, be consumed.

to cause to burn up, to con

sume, huhnah waya. hun'-hi-ki-ya, v. a. to finish, perfect. hun'-hi-ki-ya, adv. in a finishing way, perfectly hunhikiya ećamoŋ, I do it by way of finishing.

Kun'-hi-ya, v. a. to finish.

huŋ'-ki-ța, v. n. to be tired, be weary and give

out at work,-huŋ wakita, huŋunkiţapi. hun'-kpa-ni, v. n. to be unfinished. hun'-kpa-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to leave in an unfinished state, to fail of accomplishing,-hunkpaniwakiya.

hun'-kpa-ni-yan, v. a. to fail of finishing,— -hunkpaniwaya. Kun-na'-ptan, n. a hill side.

hun-na'-ptan-yan, adv. on the hill side. hun'-tpa-ni, v. n. to be unfinished. hun'-tpa-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to fail of accomplishing, leave unfinished,-huntpaniwakiya. hun'-tpa-ni-yan, v. to fail of finishing,-huntpaniwaya.

hun'-wiŋ, v. n. to stink, become putrid, as a dead body.

hun-win'-mna, adj. stinking, smelling putrid. hun-win'-ya, v. a. to cause to smell badly,

make putrid,-hunwinwaya.

hu-pa'-hu, n. the arm of a person; the wing of a fowl,-mahupahu, nihupahu. hu-pa'-hu-wa-ki-hda-ke-daŋ, n. the bat, lit. little leather-wings.

hu-pa'-ko-za, v. n. to move or flap the wings, to fly. See wahupakoza. hu-pa'-wa-ki-hda-ke-daŋ, n. the bat. hu-pin'-yun, adv. by the arms, without instruments, by main strength. hu-pin'-yun-ken, adv. by main strength. hu-wa'-pa-hpe, n. the meat which is left sticking to a hide; the right side of any thing. See tahuwapalipe.

hu-ya', n. the common eagle: huya ćinća, a young eaple.

hwin, v. n. to stink, become putrid, as a dead body. See hun win.

hwin'-mna, adj. stinking, smelling putrid. See hunwinmna.

I.

i, the eleventh letter of the Dakota alphabet. It has the sound of English ee, or of i in marine, machine.

i, an inseparable preposition or prefix.

1. Prefixed to verbs and adjectives, it means to, for, of, or about; by means of, by reason of, on account of, in consequence of: as, kićo, to invite, ikićo, to invite to eat any particular thing; ćekiya, to pray to one, ićekiya, to pray to one for something; wohdaka, to tell news, iwohdaka, to tell about some particular thing; canniyan, to be angry, ićaŋniyaŋ, to be angry on account of something; wayazanka, to be sick, iwayazanka, to be sick in consequence of something; cepa, fat, ićepa, fat by reason of.

2. Prefixed to active verbs, it sometimes forms of them nouns of the instrument: as, kažipa, to shave, ićaźipe, a drawing-knife or plane; kasdeća, to split, ićasdeće, a wedge; ćapá, to stab, ićape, a spear.

3. Prefixed to the cardinal numbers, it forms of them ordinals: as, nonpa, two, inonpa, second; yamni, three, iyamni, third, etc.

4. Prefixed to adverbs, it gives them the force of prepositions as, tehan, far, itehan, far from.

5. Prefixed to nouns signifying time, it means the next or succeeding one: as, haŋhanna, morning, ihan hanna, the next morning; wetu, spring, iwetu, the succeeding spring.

i, n. the mouth,-mii, nii, wićai: i en hde, to cast up to one; i en hiyeya, to cast into one's teeth. i, v. n. to have gone to, to have been at,—wai, yai, unkipi.

i-a', v. n. to speak,-iwaa, iyaa, unkiapi. i-a'-han, part. speaking.

i-a'-kan, prep. (i and akan) upon, on top of. i-a'-ka-p'in or i-e-ka-p'iŋ, v. n. to be tired of

speaking, unwilling to speak. See kap'in. i-a'-ke, adv. again, so many more. i-a'-ke-de-na-ke-ća, adj. so many more than

i-a'-ke-to-pa, num. adj. fourteenth. i-a'-ke-wan-żi-daŋ, num. adj. eleventh. i-a'-ke-ya-mni, num. adj. thirteenth. i-a'-ke-za-ptaŋ, num. adj. fifteenth. i'-a-ki-ća-ġe-ća, n. one who is unreasonable in his demands; one who keeps asking for things after he should stop, an importunate person. i-a'-ki-éu-ni, v. to desist from, grow tired and leave off. See iyakićuni.

i-a'-ki-ḍu-ya, adj. much. See iyakićuya. i'-a-ki-de-će-ća, adv. alike, equal to. See iyakidećeća.

i'-a-ki-de-ćen, adv. like to, equal to. i'-a-ki-de-han-han-ke-ća, adv. red. of iakide

hankeća.

i'-a-ki-de-han-han-yan, adv. red. of íakidehaŋ

yan.

i'-a-ki-de-han-ke-ća, adv. equal in length to: kići íakidemahaŋkeća, I am as tall as he. i'-a-ki-de-han-yan, adv. alike in distance, as far as.

i'-a-ki-de-na-ka, adv. alike in number, as many

as.

i'-a-ki-de-na-ke-ća, adv. as many as. i'-a-ki-he-će-ća, adv. alike in kind. i'-a-ki-he-han-ke-ća, adv. alike in length. i'-a-ki-he-han-yan, adv. alike in distance. i'-a-ki-he-na-ke-ća, adv. of equal number with. i'-a-ki-pa-pa, v. to strike on the mouth often, as the young men do in shouting,-íawakipapa. i'-an-pe-tu, n. the next day to, the day following.

i-a'-pi, n. talk, speech, language.

i'-a-s'a, v. to halloo, make a loud inarticulate noise,-iawaś'a, iauns'api.

i-ba'-pe, v. to make sharp by,-ibawape: ibapeśni, to make dull on.

i-bo'-ço, n. a churn. See boço.

i-bo'-mdu, v. n. to drift, blow up, as snow or

dust wa ibomdu, the snow is blown about. i-bo'-mdu-mdu, v. red. of ibomdu. i-bo'-pan, n. a pestle. See bopan. i-bo'-pan, v. to shoot in pieces, i. q. bokuka. i-bo'-sdi, n. a squirt, syringe; a squirt-gun. This is made by Dakota boys of the common elder or box-wood, and is used for shooting water. See miniibosdi.

i-bo'-sdo-han, v. to blow along lengthwise: ibosdohan iyeya.

i-bo'-sdo-han-haŋ, v. red. of ibosdohan. i-bo'-sa-ka, v. used with waćin; waćin ibosaka, to be discouraged: waćin ibowaśaka, I am discouraged.

i-bo'-s'a-ka, v. (i and boś'aka) to hit with little force, not to penetrate,-ibowaś'aka.

i-bo'-sta-ke, n. (i and bośtaka) a blunt-pointed

arrow.

i-bo'-to, v. n. (i and boto) to hit or strike against, to butt against,-ibomato, ibonito siha inyan ibomato, I struck my foot against a stone; pa en ibomato, it struck my head. i-ća'-be-ća, v. n. to be pricked or have one's feelings injured by some little thing. See ićama. i-ća'-be-ya, adv. pricked, injured in feelings: ićabeya waun, my feelings are hurt.

i-ća'-bu, n. (i and kabu) a drum-stick. ‘i-ća'-du, n. (i and kadu) a fan, wing to fan oneself with.

i-ća'-du-ġe, n. (i and kaduġa) a fan for wheat, something to blow or clean with: psin ićaduge, a rice-blower.

i-ća'-ġa, v. n. of kaga; to spring up, grow, as

grass, trees, etc.; to grow from, as a result from a cause; to grow, as a child, become, as a man or boy, in any respect,-imaćaga, inićaga. i-ća'-ġe, n. (i and kaga) something to make with, an instrument: wowapi ićage, a pen or pencil. i-ća'-ġe, v. of kage: ićaġe iću, to take up in a bucket, as water,-ićage iwaću.

i'-ća-ġe-zu-ya, v. to come up with and go along with a company,—ićaġeżuwićawaya, I came up and went with them.

i'-ća-ġe-zu-ya, adv. together with, in company. i-ća'-ġi, v. n. (i and kaġi) to be hindered by, op

posed by an obstacle,―imakaġi, inićaġi. i-ća'-ġo, n. (i and kago) a mark or line drawn. i-ća'-ġo, v. a. of kago; to make a mark, draw a line, sketch, iwakago, unkićaġopi. i-ća'-go-ya, v. a. to cause to mark,—ićaġowaya. i-ća'-ġo-ya, adv. marking, in the way of marking. i-ća'-hda, prep. (i and kahda) by the side of, near

to.

i-ća'-hi, v. a. (i and kahi) to mix, stir up together,

-iwakahi, iyakahi, uŋkićahipi. i-ća'-hi, v. n. to mix, mingle.

i-ća'-hi-hi, v. red. of ićahi; to mingle, mix together.

i-ća'-hi-hi, n. cement.

i-ća'-hi-hi-ya, adv. mixed up with, together with: i. q. opepeya.

i-ća'-hin-te, n. (i and kahinta) a rake, a broom. i-ća'-hi-ton, v. a. to mix together,-ićahiwaton, ićahiyaton, ićahiuntonpi. i-ća'-hi-ton, part. mixed.

i-ća'-hi-ya, v. a. to mix together, adulterate,ićahiwaya, ićahiunyanpi.

i-ća'-ho-mni, n. (i and kahomni) something that is turned or turns, a wheel.

i-ćah', cont. of ićaga; ićah aya, it keeps growing.

i-ća'-ham-ha-pe-dan, v. n. to rustle, as the grass in a gentle wind. See hamhapedan. i-ća'-ha-pe, n. (i and kahapa) something to drive with, a whip.

i-ćah'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to grow; to rear, raise, as a child or domestic animal,-ićaliwakiya. i-ćah'-ko-ke-dan, adj. See oićalikokedan. i-ća'-ho-ta, n. of éahota; drops of rain, flakes of snow, so called because falling like ashes. i-ća'-htag, cont. of ićalitaka.

i-ća'-ħtag-ya, v. a. to cause to touch,―ićaħtag

waya.

i-ća'-htag-ya, adv. touching, relating to, concerning.

i-ća'-htag-ya-ken, adv. relating to. i-ća'-ħta-ka, v. n. to touch, be near to,-imakahtaka, inićahtaka. i'-ća-ħta-ke, n. (i and kaltaka) a place where a river touches or runs near a hill; a place where the prairie comes down to a river or lake. i-ćah'-ya, v. a. to cause to grow, raise, as corn, etc.; to rear, to train up, as a child, etc.,―ićahwaya, ićahmayan.

i-ćah'-ya, adv. conformed to, made like. i-ća'-kan, n. (i and kakan) an adze. i-ća'-kaŋ, v. a. of kakan; to strike and cut a piece out of,-iwakakan, iyakakan, uŋkićakaŋpi. i-ća'-kis, cont. of ićakiźa; ićakiś waun, I am suffering for.

i-ća'-kis-ya, v. a. to cause to suffer for, to afflict, -ićakiśwaya.

i-ća'-kiś-ya, adv. in a suffering manner. i-ća'-ki-ża, v. n. to be in want of, lacking, suffering for,-imakakiża, inićakiża, uŋkićakiżapi : ićakiże śni, not in want of.

i-ća'-ki-że, n. (i and kakiża) affliction. See iwićakakiźe.

i-ća'-ki-ze-śni-yan, adv. not in want of, plentifully.

i-ćam', cont. of ićapa; ićam iću, to stick in and take out.

i-ća'-ma, adj. rough, as cloth or the beard; pricking, as iron filings. i-ća'-ma, v. n. to hurt or prick, as any thing in the eye taku iśta imakama, something is pricking in my eye.

i-ća'-ma-ma, v. red. of ićama; to prick: ićamama niun he, does it keep pricking you? i-ća’-mda-ska, v. n. to be flattened, as a bullet that is shot into wood.

i-ća'-mna, v. n. to blow, bluster, storm, drive, as wind and snow: nina ićamna, it is very blusterous; to be torn by any thing and lose the contents, as a bag of corn carried along. See kamna, to rip. i-éan', adv. whilst, in the meantime, just then.

i-ćan'-wa-ste-ya, adv. gladly for. i-ćan'-a-ma-ni, n. a ladder. See ćaniyamanipi. i-ćan'-ćan, v. n. (i and ćaŋćan) to tremble for, shake on account of,-imaćaŋćan, inićaŋćaŋ. i'-ćan-haŋ, adv. leaning against. See íćiŋhan. i'-ćan-kćan, adv. making effort but not with

much determination: íéaŋkéan ećamon, I did it but not truly; opposed to áwićakahaŋ. i'-ćan-ksi, v. n. to be angry or irritated at or in consequence of,-ićanwaksi, íéanyaksi.

i'-can-ksi-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to be angry for,

i-ćant'-a-hde, v. a. to determine evil against one for some cause,―ićantawahde.

i-ćan'-te, adv. in or at the heart. Used as in the following compounds.

i-ćan'-te-ka-spe-ya, v. to gratify oneself by

avenging, make oneself cheerful by retaliating on some relative of the one who has done the injury, -ićan tekaspewaya.

i-ćan'-te-ki-ḍuŋ, v. n. to encourage oneself by reason of,―ićantewegun, ićanteyegun. i-ćan'-te-ki-ḍun-yan, adv. encouragingly. i-ćan'-te-si-ća, v. n. to be sad on account of. i-ćan'-te-si-ća-ya, adv. sadly on account of. i-ćan'-te-sin-ya, v. a. to render unhappy by. i-ćan'-te-tins, cont. of ićanteţinza. i-ćan'-te-tins-ya, v. a. to encourage one by reason of,-ićanteținswaya.

i-ćan'-te-tins-ya, adv. encouragingly. i-ćan'-te-tin-za, v. n. to be encouraged or sustained by,-ićantematinza.

i-ćan'-te-wa-ste, v. n. to be glad on account of, -ićantemawaste.

i-ćan'-te-wa-ste-ya, adv. gladly on account of. i-ćant'-i-ća-spe-ya, v. to avenge oneself and thus become pleased,-ićantićaspewaya. See ićantekaspeya.

i-ćant'-ka-spe-ya, v. i-ćant'-o-hna-ka, v. a.

Same as iéantekaspeya.
to place in the heart with

reference to something; to purpose to give to one, -ićantowahnaka.

i-éant'-o-ki-éuŋ, v. to strengthen or encourage

oneself by,-ićantowegun.

i-éant'-o-kpa-ni, v. to long for in reference to, -ićantowakpani.

i-ćant'-o-tpa-ni, v. Same as ićantokpani. i'-ća-pa, v. to open the mouth,-iwakapa. i-ća'-pa, v. to stick into, take a stitch,-ićawapa, ićayapa, ićaunpapi; to stab with; to stick in, as a thorn or stick: ćan ićamapa, a splinter sticks in

me.

i-ća'-pe, n. (i and ćapá) something that sticks in, a spear, a splinter; a stitch.

i-ća'-pe, n. (i and kapan) something to pound with.

i-ća'-psa-ke, n. (i and kapsaka) something used

in cutting off strings; pahin ićapsake, a porcupine-quill cutter, a small knife.

i-ća'-psin-te, n. (i and kapsinta) something to whip with, a whip.

i-ća'-psin-psin-ća, n. a species of swallow. i-ća'-psin-psin-ća-dan, n. the common swallow. i-ća'-pśun, n. (i and kapśun) any thing to pry out or pull up by the roots with.

i'-ća-pta, v. a. (i and kapta) to open the mouth at, scold,―iwakapta, iyakapta.

i-ća'-pta, v. n. of kapta; to break out, as the hold of meat in carrying it.

i-ća'-ptan-ptaŋ, v. n. of kaptanptan ; to turn over much, roll about.

i'-ća-pta-pta, v. red. of ićapta; to be angry at, to scold,-iwakaptapta.

i-ća'-pte, n. (i and kapta) something to dip out with, a ladle. See also wićapte. i-ća'-saŋ, n. (i and kasaŋ) a razor. i-ća'-saŋ, v. n. to become used to, as to eating or doing any thing,—imakasan, inićasan. i-ća'-sde-će, n. (i and kasdeća) something to split with, a wedge.

i-ća'-ski-ća, v. n. to be pressed down,-imakaskića, inićaskića.

i-ća'-ski-će, n. (i and kaskića) a press.

i-ća'-s'a-ka, v. n. not to penetrate, as an axe that is dull.

i-ća'-sda, n. (i and kaśda) something to mow

with peźi ićaśda, a scythe.

i-ća'-se, n. (i and kase) something rubbing against, a hindrance.

i-ća'-śe-ya, v. a. to make a hindrance of, hinder by means of,-ićaśewaya.

i-ća'-śke, n. (i and kaśka) something to tie or bind around with, a girdle, sash.

i-ća'-śki-ća, v. n. to cut a small gash, be gashed,

-imakaśkića, inićaśkića.

i-ća'-ski-će, n. (i and kaśkića) something to pound with, a beetle.

i-ća'-śki-ta, v. n. to cut a little gash in.

i-ća'-spe, n. (i and kaspa) an instrument for cut

ting off pieces: mazićaśpe, a cold chisel. i-ća'-śpu, n. (i and kaspu) something to knock off with. i-ća'-ta, v. kata iheya. i-ća'-tka-tan-han, adv. to the left hand of,— mićatkatan han.

ićata iheya, to crowd together. See

i-ća'-tku-tan-haŋ, adv. to or at the back part of the tent from one.

i-ća'-zo, v. a. to draw a mark or line; to take credit,―iwakazo, iyakazo, uŋkićazopi. See also

ikićazo.

i-ća'-zo, n. a mark, line drawn.

i-ća'-zo-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to take things on credit, give credit to,-ićazowakiya, ićazoyakiya, ićazoun kiyapi, ićazomakiya, ićazoćićiya. i-ća'-zo-pi, n. credits.

i-ća'-ża, v. a. to think there is much or many;

to do a thing much, as to give away much,-iwaćaża, unkićaźapi.

i-ća'-za-pi, n. very much, i. q. ota hinća.
i-ća'-że, adv. of caże; in the name of.
i-ća'-że-ka, n. a liar, i. q. itonpiśni.
i-ća'-że-yan, adv. cont. of ićaźeyata;
name of.

in the

i-ća'-ze-ya-ta, adv. in the name of, in speaking the name of.

i'-će-han, adv. leaning against: ićehan naźin, to

stand leaning against.

i-će'-kin, v. a. to envy any one,—ićewakiŋ, ićeyakin, ićeunkinpi, ićećićin, ićemakin. i-će'-kin-yan, adv. enviously. i-će'-ki-ya, v. a. to pray to one for something,ićewakiya, ićeyakiya, ićeunkiyapi, ićećićiya: Woniya Wakan ićeyakiya he, dost thou pray for the Holy Spirit?

i-će'-pa, adj. fat on or by, fat by reason of,-imaćepa.

i-će'-win, v. n. to give away much,-ićewawin. i-će'-win, adv. much, very much ićewin wića

waku, I have given them very much. i-će'-winh, adv. Same as ićewin.

i-će'-win-win, adv. red. of ićewin; much, lavishly.

i-će'-win-yan, adv. lavishly, bountifully.

i'-ći, a prefix. Prefixed to verbs, it usually signifies together as koyaka, to put on, íćikoyaka, to fasten together; waŋyaka, to see, íćiwanyaka, to look at together, compare. Prefixed to prepositions and adverbs, it conveys the idea of space or time intervening between the objects: as ićikiyedan, near to each other, ićitehan, far apart. i-ći', a prefix to cardinal numbers which makes of them ordinals: as yamni, three, ićiyamni, the third.

i'-éi-ća-hi, v. n. to mingle together, mix. i'-ći-ća-hi-ya, v. a. to mix together, mingle, stir

up together,―ićićahiwaya, ićićahiunyanpi. i'-ći-ća-hi-ya, adv. mingled. i'-ći-ća-hi-ya-pi, part. mixed together. i'-ći-ća-hi-ħa, adj.

ićićahiha, a chain.

connected, in links: maza

i'-ći-ća-śka, v. to bind together. See ićiyakaśka. i'-ći-ća-win, adv. back again by the same way: ićićawin hda, to go home by the same way that one came; anog ićićawin, back and forth. i'-ći-ća-win-win, adv. red. of ićićawin. i'-ći-ća-win-yan, adv. back by the same way. i'-ći-ću-ya, adv. passing by each other partly, as two things placed thus ; said of twins, if one is a boy and the other a girl.

i'-ći-hde-śka, adj. speckled, as corn of different colors.

i'-ći-hde-śka-śka, adj. red. of íćihdeśka. i'-ći-he-han-han-yan, adv. red. of ićihehanyan. i'-ći-he-han-yan, adv. thus far apart. i-ći'-hni, v. a. to beat or maltreat, as a man his wife.

i'-ći-hnu-ni, v. to be mixed up, so as not to be distinguished.

i'-éi-hnu-ni-ya, v. a. to cause not to be distinguished,-ićihnuniwaya.

i'-éi-hnu-ni-yan, adv. mingled, mixed up. i'-ći-ki-ki-ye-dan, adv. red. of ićikiyedan. i'-ći-ki-ye-daŋ, adv. near to each other. i'-ći-ko-yag, cont. of ićikoyaka; íćikoyag iyeya. i'-ći-ko-yag-ya, v. a. to fasten one to another,— íćikoyagwaya.

i'-ći-ko-ya-ka, v. n. to be fastened one to another. i-ći'-ma, adv. ever, again; with śni, never; htanihan ićima, the day before yesterday; heyakećinhan ićima, the day after to-morrow; ptiŋhan ićima, the fall before last.

i-ći'-ma-na, adv.

ever; śni always follows, making never ićimana ećamoŋ kte śni, I will never do it.

i'-ći-ma-ni, v. n. to travel, go on a journey without one's family,-ićimawani, ićimayani, íćimaunnipi.

i'-ći-ma-ni-pi, n. travelling.

i-ći'-na-pćin-wan-ka, adj. the ninth. This form is not much used. See inapćin wanka. i-ći'-non-pa, adj. the second.

i-ćin' v. to desire one thing for another; to desire more of, in addition to,―iwaćiŋ. i'-ćin-han, adv. leaning against. i-ćin'-in, v. of kinin;

iwakinin.

to throw at, strike with,—

i-ćin'-yan, v. a. to cause to desire,-ićin waya. i'-ćin-yan, adv. leaning against: ićinyan mayanka, it is leaning against me. i'-ći-pa-si-sa, v. a. of pasisa; to stick in one and another, sew together; to sew across,-ićiwapasisa.

i'-ći-paś, cont. of ićipaźa; back by the same way: ićipas hdiću, he started back by the same way. i'-ći-pas-ya, adv. backwards and forwards, doubled on.

i'-ći-pa-we-ġa, v. n. of paweġa ; to cross, lie

across.

i'-ći-pa-weh, cont. of ićipaweġa ; crosswise: íćipaweh okatan, to nail on crosswise, as our Saviour when crucified; to crucify. i'-ći-pa-weh-we-ġa, v. red. of íćipaweġa. i'-ći-pa-weh-ya, adv. crosswise, across. i'-ći-pa-ża, adv. back by the same way, doubled back on, on the same track back.

i'-ći-pu-kpe-ya, adv. scattered, mixed up. i'-ći-pu-tpe-ya, adv. mixed up, scattered about. i'-ći-sku-ya, adj. alike sour or sweet: kići ići

skuya, alike sweet with.

i-ći'-sa-hdo-ġan, adj. the eighth.

i-ći'-sa-kdo-ġan, adj. (Ihank.) the eighth.

i-ći'-sa-ko-win, adj. the seventh.

i-ći'-sa-kpe, adj. the sixth.

i'-ći-ta-ki-hna, adv. in rows, in layers, one on

mdustan, I have but just finished it; ićitan se

ehan wai, I barely arrived at the place.

i'-ći-tan-in-śni, v. n. it is not manifest between two or more which is the one. i'-ći-te-han, adv. far apart. i'-ći-te-han-haŋ, adv. red. of íćitehan.

i'-ći-te-han-han-yan, adv. red. of ićitehanyan. i'-ći-te-han-yan, adv. far apart.

i'-ći-tko-kim, adv. meeting face to face, opposite each other.