the coast, celebrated for its roses; this city was called by the Greeks Posidonia, in honour of Neptune. Belowis Helea or Velia, mentioned by Horacef. On the coast of the Tarentine bay was Metapontum, the celebrated school of Pythagoras, who died there B.C. 497.; below it, Heraclea, of which Zeuxis was a native, and Archias, Cicero's friend, was made a citizen; and Sybaris, or Thurium, so celebrated for the effeminacy of its inhabitants, that a Sybarite became a term of reproach for luxurious and dissolute persons. The principal rivers in Lucania are, the Silarus, or Silaro, which rises in the Apennines, and falls into the Mare Tyrrhenum, near Mount Alburnus and Pæstum, the banks of which were much infested by the gad-fly‡; the Aciris, or Agri, the Bradanus, or Bradano, and the Sybaris, rise in the Apennines, and flow into the Gulf of Tarentum. South of Lucania are the Bruttii.-Near the Mare Tyrrhenum, a little inland, is Consentia, now Consenza. Quite in the toe of Italy, on the strait which divides it from Sicily, is Rhegium, now Regio; and on the opposite coast of Italy, on the Ionian Sea, are the Locri Biferique rosaria Pæsti. Virg. Georg. IV. 119. + Quid sit hyms Veliæ quid cœlum, Vala, Salerni. Est lucos Silari circuin ilicibusque virentem Hor. Epist. I. 15. Virg. Georg. III. 146. Epi-Zephyrii, so called from promontory of Zephyrium, a little below it. Above Locri is Scylacium, now Squillaci, and above it, after the shore has bent to the East, is the promontory of Lacinium*, now called Capo della Colonna, from a column of a celebrated temple of Juno Lacinia still remaining. A little North is Croto, or Crotona, the birth place of the famous Olympic victor Milo, and once a flourishing city, and celebrated school of Pythagoreans. Above this is Petiliaf, built by Philoctetes, after his return from the Trojan war; and above it Roscianum, now Rosano. The principal Rivers of the Bruttii are, the Crathes, or Crati, which rises in the Apennines. not far from Consentia, and falls into the Tarentine bay, flowing by Sybaris; and the Nexthes, or Neto, which rises in the same vicinity, and falls into the sea near Petilia. The principal Roman Roads (Pl. XXI.) were the Via Appia from Rome to Brundusium; the Flaminia, from Rome to Arimium; the Aurelia, by the coast of Etruria, to Liguria and Gallia, near Nice; and the Claudia, which branched off from the Flaminia, at the Pons Milvius, near Rome, and proceeding through the more inland part of Etruria, joined the Via Aurelia at Lucca. *Hic sinus Herculei, si vera est fama, Tarenti, Cernitur, attollit se Diva Lacinia contra, Virg. Æn. III. 551. See also a beautiful story respecting the painting of Helen, by Zeuxis in this temple, related by Cicero, De Invent II. 1. † Parva Philoctetæ subnixa Petilia muro. Virg. Æn. III. 402. The roads of inferior note were, the Via Latinia, which had the Alban lake on the right, Tusculum on the left, and led to Mons Albanus, on the summit of which was the temple of Jupiter Latiaris, where the Latin tribes used to assemble on the Feriæ Latinæ, when sacrifices were offered by the Roman consuls. The triumphant Generals used also sometimes to lead their armies in solemn procession to this temple. Mons Algidus, sacred to Diana*, runs Eastward from this hill. The Labicana, to Præneste, passing through Labicum and having the Lake Regillus on the left. The Prænestina, to the same city, which passed through Gabii, having Collatia to the left. The Tiburtina or Valeria, which led through Tibur to the Adriatic. The Nomentana which passed over Mons Sacer to Nomentum and Cures, among the Sabini. The Salaria, which passed through Fidenæ, crossed the river Allia, and joined the Nomentana at Eretum, between Nomentum and Cures, and passed on to the Adratic, having, at some distance to the left, Capena, and the grove Feronia. The Cassia, which passed between the Flaminia and Claudia, over the little river Cremera, near Veii, and is now the principal road over the Campagna di Roma, to Rome. The Triumphalis, which joined the Claudia six miles from Rome. The Portuensis and Ostiensis, which led to the Portus Augusti on the North, and Ostia on the South side of the mouth of the Tiber. The Laurentina and Ardeatina led to Laurentum and Ardea, between the Via Ostiensis * Quæque Aventinum tenet Algidumque Quindecim Diana preces virorum Curet. Hor. Carm. Sec. 69. and Appia. Considerably to the left of the Via Ardeatina, near the Via Appia, was Lanuvium, and about half way between this and Rome was Boville, where Clodius was killed by the partisans of Milo, Jan. 20, A.U.C. 702. B.C. 52. The antients used to bury by the sides of their high roads*. *Hence Juvenal, Experiar quid concedatur in illos Sat. 1. ult. CHAPTER III. ITALIAN ISLANDS. A. G. Pl. VIII. XXI. It SICILIA was antiently called Sicania, from the Sicani, a people of Spain, who possessed the island till they were driven to its western corner by the Siculi, an Italian nation, the original inhabitants of Latium. was also called Trinacria, from having rpets axpaι three celebrated promontories (the island itself being of a triangular shape); Pelorum at the East, adjacent to Italy, Pachynum at the South, and Lilyboum at the West. It was colonized by the Greeks and Carthaginians, and came into the possession of the Romans in the second Punic war. The promontory of Pelorum is now Cape Faro. A little South of this was Messana, more antiently called also Zancle, from the curved form of its harbour, now Messina. Close to this, on the Sicilian shore, was Charybdis, and above it on the Italian shore, |