dipped immediately after being cleansed, the surface must be oiled with linseed oil to preserve it until it is ready to be dipped; no casting to be dipped after rust has set in. The Contractor shall provide a covered tramway from the casting room to the dipping vat, so that no pipe shall be liable to become wet previous to its being coated.

(21.) The coal tar pitch to be made from coal tar, distilled until the naphtha is entirely removed and the material deodorized with a mixture of five or six (5 or 6) per cent of linseed oil. Pitch which becomes hard and brittle when cold will not answer for this use.

(22.) Pitch of the proper quality having been obtained, it must be carefully heated in a suitable vessel to a temperature of three hundred (300) degrees Fahrenheit, and must be maintained at not less than this temperature during the time of dipping and bathing. The material will thicken and deteriorate after a number of pipes have been dipped; fresh pitch must therefore be frequently added and occasionally the vessel must be entirely emptied of its old contents and refilled with fresh pitch as often as the Inspector of the Aqueduct Commissioners shall require.

(23.) Every casting must attain a temperature of three hundred (300) degrees Fahrenheit before being removed from the vessel of hot pitch. After having been in the bath for at least ten minutes, it may then be slowly removed, and laid on skids to drip. Any pipe or casting that is to be recoated shall first be thoroughly scraped and cleaned.

(24.) Inspection before Dipping.-No casting shall be dipped until the authorized Inspector has examined it as to cleaning and rust and subjected it thoroughly to the hammer proof. It may then be dipped, after which it will be passed to the hydraulic press to meet the required water proof. The proper coating must be tough and tenacious when cold on the castings, and not brittle or with any tendency to scale off.

(25.) Proof Hydraulic Press. The castings must be capable of sustaining a pressure in the hydraulic press of two hundred (200) pounds to a square inch. After having been dipped and put in the bath, they shall be carefully drained of the surplus pitch, and when dry, subjected to the above-mentioned water pressure, and, if required by the authorized Inspector, they shall be subjected to a careful hammer test, under this pressure. Any pipe or casting showing any defect, by leaking, sweating or otherwise, will be rejected. This proof will be made at the foundry, and at the expense of the Contractor.

(26.) Tools, etc.-All tools, machinery, materials and men necessary for the proper testing and inspection of pipes shall be furnished by and at the expense of the Contractor.

(27.) Weight to be Marked. The pipes and castings will be weighed after the application of the coal pitch coating, and also if desired by the Engineer after delivery; the weights must be distinctly marked on the pipes and castings in white paint. The Contractor shall provide proper sealed scales and weights for weighing the castings; which will be done at the expense of the Contractor, under the supervision of the authorized Inspectors.

(28.) Specimen Rods.-Specimen rods of the metal used, of a size and form suitable for a testing machine shall be prepared for the Engineer when required. These specimen rods shall be poured from the ladle at any time, either before or after the pipe has been poured as may be required, and shall present a true sample of the iron used for making the pipes. These specimens shall be prepared at the cost of the Contractor.

(29.) Pipes and Castings to be Moved for Inspection.-The Contractor shall move the pipes and castings, and place them in such position, either at the foundry or after their delivery, as shall be required for the convenience of inspection.

(30.) Power of Engineer.-The Engineer shall be at liberty at all times to inspect the material in the foundry or elsewhere, and the moulding, casting and coating thereof, and he may condemn any of the material or processes used in any state of the preparation or manufacture of the pipes and other castings; he may reject without proving any casting which is not in conformity with the specifications or with the drawings.

(31.) The Contractor shall notify in writing the Chief Engineer at least ten days previously to the beginning of the manufacture of the pipes or other castings of the time and place where the manufacture is to commence, in order that an authorized Inspector may be present to inspect it.

(32.) Pipes and Castings to be Delivered Sound and Perfect.-All the pipes and other castings contracted for must be delivered in all respects sound and conformable to the contract. The inspection will not relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations in this respect; and any defective pipe or other castings, which may have passed the inspection at the foundry or else where, will be at all times liable to rejection when discovered until the final adjustment and completion of the contract.

(33.) Delivery. The pipes and other castings, when satisfactory to the Engineer, are to be considered as "delivered" to the party of the first part whenever they have been deposited on the line of the work, in such places as shall be approved by the Chief Engineer. The delivery of the pipes and other castings upon the public streets may be stopped by the Engineer if he is of opinion that they interfere unnecessarily with the public traffic thereon, and he may designate other points of delivery.

(34) Special Castings.-All castings other than straight 48-inch pipe and under shall be denomi

nated special castings, such as branches, blow-offs, curved pipes, basin heads, boxes, manhole heads and floor plates, posts, beams, braces, steps, and any other castings ordered. Cast-iron shall be built in the masonry by the Contractor, and at the Contractor's expense, whenever ordered by the Engineer.

covers,

WROUGHT-IRON WORK.

(35.) Under this head are included all bolts and nuts, washers, sheet and bar iron, all rolled beams, together with all other wrought-iron that may be ordered for permanent use.

(36.) Quality and Strength.-All rolled beams, bars, plates, bolts, etc., must be straight and out of wind, free from flaws and other defects.

All wrought-iron must be tough, highly fibrous, and uniform in texture. In its manufacture no old scrap-iron is to be used. Test pieces selected at random by the Engineer or Inspector from any iron designated to be used for this work must show a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 50,000 pounds per square inch of original sectional area before fracture, and an elastic limit of not less than 25,000 pounds per square inch of same sectional area with an elongation before fracture of not less than 15 per centum, measured on a tested length of eight inches; with a reduction of area at the point of fracture of over 20 to 25 per centum. All nuts and bolts to have good, sound and well-fitted threads. If so ordered by the Engineer, the bolts shall be turned.

The price herein stipulated in clause, item, for wrought-iron covers the furnishing, finishing, fitting, placing and painting of the same, all in complete working order.

(37.) Painting.-The iron work shall be painted in the manner that may be directed by the Engineer.

STOP COCKS, ETC.

(38.) Stop Cocks, Hydrants, Blow-offs, Branches, Etc.-The sizes named for the stop cocks apply to the inside diameter of the water-way thereof.

The 48-inch stop cocks and the gearing are to be made according to the detail plans in the office of the Chief Engineer.

and

The flanges are to be bored as directed by the Engineer and according to templets approved by him. For a general contract drawing of the 48-inch stop cock, see Sheet No.

The 12-inch and 6-inch stop cocks are shown in a general way on contract drawing sheets Nos.

. All stop cocks are to have outside screws. The hydrants are to have a cast-iron case and are to be furnished with Johnson's waste valve, and are to correspond and conform to the sample at the pipe yard of the Department of Public Works, Twenty-fourth Street, East River. All cast-iron work in stop cocks and hydrants shall be of strong, tough iron, free from all imperfections and thoroughly cleaned inside and outside, and painted with one coat of red lead.

All composition work shall be made of a metal composed of six parts copper and one part tin and one-half zinc, unless otherwise directed. All wrought-iron work shall be made of best quality American refined iron.

All workmanship to be of the best, and the fitting to be perfect.

All lead to be soft refined lead.

(39.) Blow-offs.-Blow-off manholes shall be placed at the several low points on the line, and will consist of a piece of 48-inch pipe with a cap on the bottom (see Sheet No. —), into which the connecting pipes from the 48-inch pipe will discharge, and from which will be taken a pipe or masonry outlet, and connected with the sewer. Blow-offs are classed as special castings.

(40.) Branches, Etc.-Branches, curved pipe and other special castings shall be laid and set where directed by the Engineer, and will be estimated and paid for according to the number of feet they lay, except that branches will be estimated in addition from the centre of main pipe out.

Connection shall be made with pipes projecting out from the One Hundred and Thrity-fifth Street gate house, also with those near the proposed gate house at Central Park Reservoir; branches, curves and stop cocks are to be laid in One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, Manhattan Street, One Hundred and Tenth Street, Eighth Avenue and the Transverse Road and elsewhere, wherever directed by the Engineer.

EARTH AND ROCK EXCAVATION, EMBANKMENTS, ETC.

(41.) Earth Excavation.-Under the head of earth excavation will be included all excavation of earth, loose rock and other material which may be necessary for the pipes, chambers, sewers, basins, piers, culverts, and all other work of excavation connected with the work, except excavation of solid rock in place. Any masonry ordered to be removed shall be classified as earth excavation.

(42.) Rock Excavation.-Under the head of rock excavation will only be included the excavation of solid rock which may be necessary for the work under these specifications. All boulders measuring less than one-half a cubic yard in volume shall be classed as earth excavation.

(43.) Disposition of Materials.-The material excavated from the trench and other excavations shall be placed in such a position as not to impede the travel on the railroads or unnecessarily impede the general travel of the streets and avenues through which the trenches are to be excavated, leaving one side of the trench entirely clear, unless otherwise permitted, so as to facilitate the rolling of the pipes over or in the same, and the laying of the pipes.

(44.) All materials excavated from the trenches, if not used in the work, shall be carted away from the work and disposed of by the Contractor, at his cost and expense.

(45.) Pipe, and Other Trenches, and Pits.-The excavations for the pipe trenches shall be two feet wider than the inside diameter of the exterior pipes, and to such depth as the Engineer shall direct. The excavation for the gate chamber piers, culverts, sewers, basins, blow-offs, etc., shall be of such size and depth as the Engineer shall direct. Allowances will be made for slopes in earth or rock excavation where slopes are deemed necessary by the Engineer. All excavations are to be so conducted, as not to interfere unnecessarily with the public traffic.

(46.) If, during the progress of any excavation on the line of this contract, water shall be encountered, it shall be the duty of the Contractor, at his own cost and expense, to provide such machinery, pumps, labor, timber and other materials as shall be necessary to maintain such excavation and to keep it free from water.

(47.) Sheet Plank to be Removed.-All the sheet plank and timber used during the progress of the work to support the sides of the trenches shall be removed as the filling proceeds, except where otherwise ordered by the Engineer.

(48.) Refilling and Embankments.—Under the head of refilling and embankments is to be included all filling of trenches and other excavations, all grading, and the making of all embankments necessary under and over the pipes, or wherever ordered by the Engineer; the materials for refilling and embankments shall be of a quality satisfactory to him; and if the material from the cuts along the line are not sufficient, other materials must be furnished by the Contractor at his own expense.

In the filling and refilling of trenches and other excavations, and in the making of embankments, the materials must be put in horizontal layers not exceeding six inches in thickness, thoroughly compacted by carts, wagons, heavy grooved rollers or rammers, and they must be amply watered as may be ordered, and must be free from stones.

(49.) Should it be decided to construct any embankments or parts of embankments, or do any refilling with loose rock from the excavation or from the present embankments, such materials shall be deposited in such layers and compacted by such means as the Engineer shall direct; it shall be paid for as "refilling and embankments," and measured according to the lines given by the Engineer.

(50.) The trenches after being filled must be allowed to settle as long a time as the Engineer shall direct before the pavement and flagging are relaid.

(51.) Clearing up.-After the pipes have been laid, the trenches filled, the embankments made and the roadways put in order, the refuse and surplus materials which may have been left shall be removed from the line of the work and disposed of by the Contractor at his cost and expense.

(52.) All blasting shall be conducted in conformity with the ordinances of the Corporation of the City of New York directing the manner of blasting and the precautions to be taken therein.

Where a line of the present water pipes intersects the line of trench, the rock necessary to be excavated for a width of five feet in the clear on each side and under such pipe or main shall be in all cases removed without blasting, and the pipes or mains shall in all cases be protected, at the expense of the Contractor, from any injury from blasting in the vicinity, the cost of the same to be included in the price of rock excavation.

In case the trench shall run parallel with, across or near enough to a water main or gas pipe, or water or gas service pipe, to endanger its safety, it shall be protected, as the Engineer may direct, by the Contractor, and at his cost and expense, during the whole of the time the trench may be open and unpaved.

(53.) Sodding and Soiling. Wherever it is deemed necessary, in Central Park or at any other point, to protect the embankment over the pipes, the top and slopes of same shall be sodded.

The whole surface of the ground to be sodded is to be levelled off, all gullies filled up, and covered with good loam to an average depth of four inches above the present surface, so as to make a true and even bearing for the sods to rest on.

The sods to be of good quality of earth covered with heavy grass, sound and healthy, and not less than one foot square, and generally of a uniform thickness of three inches (which sizes may be altered by the Engineer during the progress of the work); to be cut with a bevel on all sides, so that when laid they will lap at the edges; to be properly set, so as to have a full bearing on their whole lower surface; to be padded down firm with a spade or wooden bat made suitable for the purpose; each sod is to be pinned with one wooden pin in each sod, not less than fifteen inches long, so as to be secured to the ground beneath it. No lean, poor or broken sods will be allowed in the work, but on the outside edges of the bank

sods may be cut to such size and shape as will make a proper finish to the same. The sodding that shall have been laid shall be well and carefully sprinkled with water as often as the Engineer shall deem necessary for the benefit of the work during its progress.

All soil wherever ordered shall be removed, stored and replaced on the finished work; one price only. (clause, item ) will be paid for the removal, storing and replacing of the soil, and it will be measured in spoil bank.

LAYING PIPE, ETC.

(54.) All the places where the pipes are to be laid are to be prepared with great care.

(55.) Piers.-Where necessary, concrete foundations and rubble-stone masonry piers shall be built under the pipes as the Engineer shall direct.

(56.) Timbers.-Where the ground is filled in, and on soft embankments, good sound hemlock timbers twelve inches square and at least twenty-four feet long shall be laid lengthwise of the pipe and under the same, and then filled in with broken stone; on top of these timbers crosswise timbers of good sound hemlock, six inches by twelve inches, shall be placed, on which the pipe is to be laid and levelled up by means of hemlock wedges. The number of lengthwise timbers and length of cross timbers shall be as the Engineer shall direct.

The 12 inches by 12 inches hemlock timbers, and all blocks and wedges ordered under pipe and all sheet piling ordered to be left in place, shall be paid for as hemlock timber put in the work. Between the hemlock timbering the filling must be done with broken stone placed by hand and compacted with rammers. Said filling to be paid for at the price herein stipulated for rubble-stone masonry laid dry.

(57.) Lowering Pipe.-After the trenches shall have been excavated or the embankment built up to the required grade the pipes shall be rolled in or over the trenches or on the embankment on skids, and then by means of a derrick and rigging shall be carefully raised off the skids and placed in their proper positions. The Contractor is expressly prohibited from laying any pipe branches or special castings, or laying any masonry except under the direct supervision of an authorized Inspector.

(58.) Blocks and Wedges.-Each pipe over six inches inside diameter shall be placed on two blocks and four wedges of hemlock timber, the wedges to rest on the blocks and the pipes on the wedges. The blocks and wedges shall be of sound hemlock timber. Forty-eight-inch pipe shall be laid on blocks four feet long, twelve inches wide and six inches thick, with wedges eighteen inches long, six inches wide, four inches thick on one end, and one-half inch thick on the other. Twenty-inch and twelve-inch pipes shall be laid on blocks two feet long, eight inches wide and four inches thick, with wedges twelve inches long, four inches wide, three inches thick on one end and one-half inch thick on the other.

(59.) Joints.-The joints of the forty-eight inch pipe shall be made four inches in depth with lead; all others three inches.

(60.) Joints.-The spigot end of the pipes shall be inserted into the hub within from one-fourth to one-eighth of an inch of the full depth of the hub, and the space around the pipe shall be equalized so as to give as nearly as possible an equal space for the packing. The space between the pipe and the hub shall be packed with clean, sound hemp packing yarn, free from tar, far enough to leave the proper space for lead. The remaining space shall then be filled by running it full of lead at one operation, with a bead outside the face of the hub large enough to allow for caulking, so that when the joint is properly caulked the bead will be flush with the hub of the pipe; after the joint shall have been run with lead it shall be caulked by means of proper tools so as to make a water-tight joint.

(61.) Lead.-The lead to be used shall be of the best quality of pure, soft lead, and in every respect suitable for the purpose.

(62.) Cutting Pipe.-Whenever any pipe requires cutting, the same shall be done by the Contractors without extra charge.

(63.) Price for Laying.-The price herein stipulated for laying cast-iron pipes includes the placing of the same in the trench, the placing of the blocks and wedges, the making of the joints, furnishing the lead and all other materials necessary for the same, and putting the pipes in complete working order.

(64.) Taking up and Relaying Water Mains.-When it becomes necessary to take up any of the water mains now laid in the streets and avenues to be excavated for this work, they shall be taken up and relaid as hereinbefore directed in clause F, section 3, and the price to be allowed to the Contractor for the said taking up and relaying of such pipes shall be the same as herein stipulated for laying new pipe of the same size.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR 48-INCH STOP COCKS AND GEARING.

F. (1.) Plan.-The plan referred to in these specifications is hereto attached and forms part of these specifications, entitled, "The Aqueduct Commission, 48-inch Stop-Cock Valves, Sheet No. —," * and signed by the Chief Engineer, and dated January 3, 1888.

It shows the work, and its general character.

During the progress of the work such working plans will be furnished from time to time by the Engineer as he may deem necessary.

(2.) Work to be Done.-The work to be done consists of furnishing, manufacturing, fitting, facing, painting, shipping, delivering and placing ten (10) forty-eight-inch stop-cock valves and gearing at the Gate House at 135th Street and Convent Avenue, Section No. 15, and four (4) forty-eight-inch stopcock valves and gearing at the blow-off at shaft No. 25, Section No. 12, and one (1) forty-eight-inch stopcock valve and gearing at the new Croton Gate House, Section No. 1, in their several places or compartments, properly bolted, braced and secured, and in complete working order.

(3.) The stop-cock valves are to be delivered, put in place, the adjoining pipe connected by lead joints, properly made and the fringes bolted. They are to be properly fastened and braced to the adjoining walls, and put in complete working order, acceptable to the Chief Engineer.

(4.) Size.-The size of the stop cock named is to be the inside diameter of the water-way thereof. (5.) Sample Showing Quality of Workmanship and Materials.—In addition to the drawings a sample stop-cock valve may be seen by application to the Chief Engineer, and all the valves must be equal to it in the quality of workmanship and the materials used.

(6.) Quality of Materials.-All cast-iron in the stop-cock valves shall be of strong, tough iron, free from all impurities and imperfections, and thoroughly cleaned inside and outside and painted with two coats of red lead and linseed oil, or as the Chief Engineer may direct. All composition work shall be made of a metal composed of six parts copper, one part tin and one-half part zinc, or as the Chief Engineer may direct. All wrought-iron work shall be made of the best quality American refined iron. All lead shall be soft refined lead, or as the Chief Engineer may direct.

(7.) Engineer to Explain Specifications.-The plans and specifications are intended to be explanatory of each other, but should any discrepancy appear, or any misunderstanding arise as to the import of anything contained in either, the explanation of the Engineer shall be final and binding on the Contractor; and all directions and explanations required, alluded to, or necessary to complete any of the provisions of these specifications, and give them due effect, will be given by the Engineer.

(8.) Force to be Employed.-The work shall be commenced and carried on in such order and at such times and with such force as may from time to time be directed by the Engineer.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR 2' X 5' SLUICE GATES.

(1.) Plans or Drawings.—The plans or drawings referred to in these specifications are six (6) in number, entitled "The Aqueduct Commission, Contract Drawings, for twenty-two 2' X 5' Sluice Gates for the 135th Street and Central Park Gate Houses," Sheets Nos. --- ,t signed by the Chief Engineer, and dated April 10, 1889.

They show the character and details of the work to be done. From time to time during the progress of the work, such other working rawings as may be found necessary will be furnished by the Engineer.

All work shall be made in accordance with the drawings, and the directions given from time to time by the Engineer, as the work progresses.

(2.) Dimensions to be Verified.-The Contractor must verify to his own satisfaction the correctness of all dimensions given on the drawings, as well as the dimensions of the sluiceways or openings through the walls of the gate chambers.

(3.) Quality of Materials and Workmanship.-All the materials and workmanship for the work herein specified must be of the first quality of their kind.

(4.) Inspection.-The quality of the materials, the process of manufacture, and the workmanship will at all times be subject to examination or inspection by the Engineer or his Inspector; and shall be subject to rejection, by order of the Engineer, if, in his opinion, it be not of the quality called for. The Contractor, at his own expense, shall furnish the Engineer or Inspector with men, and every facility for moving or handling the various parts of the work, as may be required for convenience of proper inspection.

(5.) Tests.-Such tests as the Engineer may require shall be made at the Contractor's expense, and test pieces of all metals used must be furnished to the Engineer on his requisition, of the size and form that he may order.