F. J. Petrocelli, Young Men's Sodality of Sacred Heart Italian Church, Cincinnati, O. W. D. Noon, president Providence College, Providence, R. I. Fred Picard, Providence, R. I. Miss Mayme Henry, Terre Haute, Ind. Hon. John E. Cox, judge, Supreme Court, Terre Haute, Ind. J. E. Harrigan, 3229 Eastern Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. Daniel F. Cohalan, Catholic Club of City of New York, New York, City. Thomas F. Kane, Slatersville, North Smithfield, R. I. John H. Burget, Terre Haute, Ind. Charles E. Barker, Lawrenceburg, Ind. Dennis J. Lucey, Y. M. I., San Francisco, Calif. St. Henry Aid Society, Perham, Minn. Leonard C. Hirsch, St. Mary's, Ohio. Martha M. Altmeyer, Blessed Virgin Sodality, St. Michael's Church, Wheeling, W. Va. William Keekenkamp, the Supreme Council, Western Catholic Union, National, of Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Kansas. Anton Kremer, Carthagena, Ohio. Gerard Harjens, Franklin, Ohio. Rt. Rev. Msgr. G. L. Hakmeier, Immaculate Conception Church, Lansing, Iowa. Mrs. Frances R. Gibney, St. Augustine's Parish, N. C. C. W., Union City, N. J. Homer Schluberger, St. Augustine Commandery 236, K. of St. J., Lanesville, Ind. T. J. Traynor, Enid, Okla. Walter J. Mersman, the Mersman Bros., Brants Co., Celina, Ohio. Rev. John P. Miller, Redemptorist Fathers, 145 South Millwood, Wichita, Kans. Joseph Trobec, Society of St. Andrew, Elk River, Minn. Joseph Hoying, Swanders, Ohio. George E. Feeney, Benevolent Pioneer Literary Association, Wilmington, Del. George F. Corcoran, Lawyer, York, Nebr. John Gill, 1920 Delaware Avenue, Norwood, Ohio. John J. Ahern, 47 Main Street, Natick, Mass. John A. Cron, 215 South Main Street, Celina, Ohio. Messrs J. A. and D. C. McKirnan, Celina, Ohio. E. J. Hierholzer, 622 North Main Street, Celina, Ohio. T. J. Whalen, 1 Middlesex Avenue, Natick, Mass. James G. Falls, Fayetteville, Ohio. Frank J. Pribyl, the Catholic Workman, Bison, Okla. Leo Kroeger, St. Henry's Branch 117, W. C. U., Aurora, Ill. J. D. Towne, Parent-Teacher Association of St. Agnes School and Dayton View Club, 1082 Salem Avenue, Dayton, Ohio. B. P. Kartheiser, St. John's Church, W. C. U., Aurora, Ill. Rev. William Schaefers, St. Joseph's Church, Beaver, Kans. Frank George, North Star, Ohio. Louis J. George, North Star, Ohio. Peter F. Cassidy, 2012 Breen Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. The citizens of the townships of Marion, Recovery and Gibson, Ohio. (No signature.) Rev. J. W. Schengber, St. Francis de Sales Church, Madison Road and Woodburn Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. Herman Otten, Cincinnati, Ohio. George J. Fischer, 510 West Greene Street, Piqua, Ohio. Rev. C. D. O'Rorke, St. Christopher's Church, Tiverton, R. I. William E. Frank, Columbus Council 120, Y. M. I., Altoona, Pa. Louis J. Koepnick, 326 Pontiac Street, Dayton, Ohio. A. L. Heinl, St. Martin's Benevolent Society, Wapakoneta, Ohio. Mrs. Eugene Scanlon, Catholic Daughters of America, Lead, S. Dak. Anna H. Eilers, St. Eustace Court 991, Catholic Daughters of America, Deadwood, S. Dak. Mrs. Dunlap, Cincinnati, Ohio. W. E. Carey, Burke Council, Young Men's Institute, 1215 McDonald Avenue, Richmond, Calif. Frank J. Stiens, secretary, Hamilton County Local Council, Catholic Knights of Ohio, 1755 Jester Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Knights of St. John, Supreme Commandery, National: Frank X. Schwab, Buffalo, N. Y. Joseph A. Czarnecki, H. N. S. Sweetest Heart of Mary Parish, Detroit, Mich. Knights of St. John, Mathias Schneider, Avon Lake, Ohio. Holy Name Society, St. Monica's Parish, Jamaica, N. Y. Sacred Heart Church, Rev. J. Baker, Remington, Ind. Rt. Rev. Msgr. John G. Heiring, Preparatory Seminary, Bixby, Okla. St. Martin's Council, N. C. C. M., Mr. Joseph H. Carroll, 1826 West Lexington Street, Baltimore, Md. Mr. Henry A. Brehm, Norman and Mayfield Avenues, Baltimore, Md. Rev. Anthony B. Stuber, St. Peter's Parish, 614 Cleveland Avenue NW., Canton, Ohio. Rev. Joseph Dick, Our Lady of Lourdes Parish, N. C. C. M., Otway, Ohio. Mr. John J. Wolfe, G. D., K. of C., 2593 Park Place, Elm Grove, Wheeling, W. Va. Mr. Thomas J. Sheridan, G. K., K. of C. 402, 217 North Fifth Street, Harrison, N. J. Rt. Rev. Vincent Wehrle, O. S. B., D. D., Bismarck, N. Dak. (on behalf of Catholics and their societies in his diocese). Rt. Rev. John J. Swint, D. D., bishop's residence, Wheeling, W. Va. Rev. F. W. Maley, St. Joseph's Church, Lynn, Mass. Ed. S. Gorman, jr., C. O. F., St. Aloysius Court, 27, 822 North Avers Avenue, Chicago, Ill. E. A. Holtz, secretary K. of St. George, Branch No. 96, Hastings, Pa. Rev. D. A. W. Schweitzer, C. P. P. S., St. Bernard's Parish, Burkettsville, Ohio. Rev. Joseph A. Powers, St. Ann's rectory, 323 South Fifteenth Street, Sebring, Ohio. Rev. Henry Eilermann, St. John Church, Harrison, Ohio. Daniel F. Cohalan, Catholic Club of City of New York, 43 Cedar Street, New York City. Rt. Rev. John J. Mitty, D. D., 931 East South Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah. Frederick E. Flattery, 1219 First National Bank Building, Detroit, Mich. Frank T. Rutherford, 200-204 Rowlands Building, Columbus, Ohio. Henry P. Sullivan, Drapeau-McPhetres Post No. 180, American Legion, 16 River Street, Danversport, Mass. Rev. Charles M. Diener, St. Clare's Council, N. C. C. M., 1443 Gedar Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Joseph M. Tally, 160 Vinton Street, Providence, R. I. (on behalf of 100,000 Catholics of diocese). Mr. Edward P. Flederbach, 283 Terrace Street, Honesdale, Pa., K. of St. George No. 42 (325 members). K. of C. Toledo Council No. 386, Mr. Fred D. Sulier, 1605 Jefferson Avenue, Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Charles Korz, Catholic Central Verein of America, P. O. box 152, Butler, N. J. American Catholic Union, National, John J. Coyle, the Parkway at Sixteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Federation of College Catholic Clubs, National, Thomas H. Readyoff, 8747 Ninety-eighth Street, Woodhaven, Long Island, N. Y. Rev. A. L. Melvin, Our Lady of Lake Huron, Harbor Beach, Mich. Xavier Alumni Sodality, Joseph T. McMahon, registrar, New York City. Mr. E. A. Cunningham, G. K., East St. Louis Council 592, K. of C., East St. Louis, Ill. Supreme Council, K. of C., Mr. Martin H. Carmody, supreme knight, New, Haven, Conn., national. K. of St. George Supreme Council, Mr. Joseph H. Reiman, 5211 Friendship Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. H. N. S. Sweetest Heart of Mary Parish, Joseph A. Czarnecki, Detroit, Mich. Rt. Rev. Msgr. John G. Heiring, Preparatory Seminary, R. F. D. 2, Bixby, Okla.. Rev. J. Baker, Sacred Heart Church, Remington, Ind. St. Monica's Holy Name Society, Jamaica, N. Y. K.. of St. John St. Mary's Commandery No. 185, Mathias Schneider, Avon Lake, Lorain County, Ohio. St. John the Baptist Parish, Rev. Francis P. Faust, pastor, New Haven, Ind. The CHAIRMAN. Proceed. Mr. DOLLE. While I am on that I would like to file, not for copying into the record, but to list them there, the original letters and petitions and telegrams which have come to me in the last four or five days, and as others come in to me before the bill is finally submitted, I would like to list them also. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the list may be put in the record. (The list referred to is as follows:) St. Monica's Holy Name Society, Jamaica, N. Y. Rev. J. Baker, Remington, Ind. Hamilton County Local Council, Catholic Knights of Ohio; Frank J. Stiens, secretary. Lewiston (Idaho) Knights of Columbus. Pittsburgh (Pa.), Knights of St. George; Joseph H. Reiman, supreme president. East St. Louis Council 592, K. of C.; E. A. Cunningham, Grand Knight. Thomas H. Ready, national secretary Federation College Catholic Clubs. Rev. A. L. Melvin, superintendent of Our Lady of Lake Huron School, Harbor Beach, Mich. Xavier Alumni Sodality; Joseph T. McMahon, registrar. Daniel F. Cohalan, 43 Cedar Street, New York City. Knights of St. John, St. George Commandery No. 152; John Blanken, secretary. National Council of Catholic Men of St. Clare Parish; John F. Stiegler, recording secretary, College Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio. Henry A. Brehm, Baltimore, Md. St. Peter's parishioners; Rev. Anthony B. Stuber, pastor, 614 Cleveland Avenue NW., Canton, Ohio. National Council of Catholic Men, Society of Our Lady of Lourdes Parish, Otway, Ohio; Rev. Joseph Dick; George Walsh, president; Joseph Walsh, vice president. St. Ann Parish, National Council of Catholic Men, Youngstown, Ohio; Paul Dougherty, secretary.. St. Cloud (Minn.) Court No. 404, C. O. F.; Christ Schmitt, C. R. Holy Name Society, Sweetest Heart of Mary Parish, Detroit, Mich.; Joseph A. Czarnecki, secretary. Columbia Council, No. 2593, K. of C.; John J. Wolfe, grand knight; Park Place, Elm Grove, Wheeling, W. Va. Kearney Council, No. 402, K. of C., Newark, N. J.; Thomas J. Sheridan, grand knight, 217 North Fifth Street, Harrison, Ń. J. St. Martin's Council, National Council of Catholic Men, Baltimore, Md.; Joseph H. Carroll, president; S. U. Dowling, secretary; Fulton Avenue and Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md. Rev. W. P. Lennartz, C. S. C., pastor St. Joseph's Church, South Bend, Ind. St. Joseph's Parish, Lynn, Mass.; F. W. Maley, I. P. P. Catholic Order of Foresters, St. Aloysius Court No. 27, Chicago, Ill.; Edward S. Gorman, jr., R. S., 822 North Avers Avenue, Chicago, Ill. St. Bernard's Branch No. 96, Knights of St. George, Hastings, Pa.; E. A. Haltz, secretary. St. Bernard's Parish Council, Burkettsville, Ohio; Rev. D. A. W. Schweitzer, pastor. St. Ann's Rectory, 323 South Fifteenth Street, Sebring, Ohio. St. John Church National Council of Catholic Men; Rev. Henry Eilermann, pastor. Frank T. Rutherford, broker, Columbus, Ohio. St. Clare Council, Cincinnati, Ohio; Rev. Charles M. Diener, 1443 Cedar Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. Joseph M. Tally, president National Council of Catholic Men, Diocese of Providence, R. I.; Rev. Bishop William A. Hickey, D. D. I. Branch 42, Knights of St. George; Edward P. Flederbach, 283 Terrace Street, Honesdale, Pa. Knights of Columbus, Toledo Council No. 386, Fred D. Sulier, financial secretary, 1605 Jefferson Avenue, Toledo, Ohio. Henry P. Sullivan, ex-commander, Drapeau-McPheters Post No. 180, American Legion. St. George's Court, Catholic Order of Foresters, Mr. Peter Zubolizky, C., R. Lansing, Iowa. The First Brigade of Ohio, Knights of St. John, E. G. Wolters, assistant adjutant general, 1890 West Fifth-seventh Street, Cleveland, Ohio. Holy Name Society, Ervin Stein, secretary, Spearville, Kans. Knights of St. George, branch 30, St. Alphonsus Parish, Leo J. Bischof, secretary, 1842 Eighteenth Street, Wheeling, W. Va. Kentucky State Council, Knights of Columbus. George A. Burkley, secretary, 305 Columbia Building, Louisville, Ky. Fourth Degree Assembly, Knights of Columbus, La Rabida Assembly, George Ciciva, 178 Yonkers Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y. St. Peter's Benevolent Society, John Neuner, secretary, 273 Lily Avenue, San Francisco, Calif. Catholic Order of Foresters, St. Rose of Lima Court 526, Henri Houle, recording secretary, Littleton, N. H. Knights of Columbus, Lake County Council No. 2417 Ernest A. Fetsch, Lakeview, Oreg. Mr. DOLLE. I would like now to read into the record a telegram from the Right Rev. Bishop Vincent Wehrle, O. S. B., D. D., the Catholic bishop of Bismarck, N. Dak. He wires as follows: Bismarck diocese Catholics and their societies strongly object Curtis-Reed educational bills. Reasons: Office of sceretary of education is something abnormal among other secretaries of Cabinet, weakens State rights, favors educational bureaucracy, is strictly unnecessary, needlessly increases army of United States officials, and consequently higher taxation. Here is another one from the Right Rev. John J. Mitty, D. D., bishop of Salt Lake City, Utah, who wires as follows: In the name of the Catholic men of Utah and Nevada I authorize you to oppose the Curtis-Reed educational bill because of the eight objections stated in your letter of April 19, I will later state these objections to you as what we regard as the outstanding reasons for our opposition to this bill. Also I have the following letter from the bishop of Wheeling, W. Va., Rev. John J. Swint, dated April 24, 1928: DEAR MR. DOLLE. We have now had, it seems to me, ample time to consider maturely and from every angle the question of a Federal department of education. I am more convinced than ever that such a department is not necessary and that it is fraught with very serious dangers. As an American citizen I most strongly protest against its establishment. Many reasons might be given. I confine myself to two. 1. Everyone, friend or foe of the bill proposing the department, knows perfectly well that such a department will never stop at being merely an agency for educational studies and surveys, but that in course of time it will mean Federal domination and control of public education. 2. No one who knows the workings of a Federal department will think that the small appropriation now asked for will not increase immensely as the years go on, thus adding very materially to the already heavy school taxes. I might add that the only real argument in favor of the department, i. e., giving prestige to education, is answered by saying that education is too important a matter to commit to the policies or dictation of a Federal department. The CHAIRMAN. Proceed. Mr. DOLLE. I will try to state as briefly as I can what we regard as the serious objections to this legislation. The proponents of this bill on other occasions have stated with considerable emphasis that there has been a failure of education in this country. Such a statement would not seem to be supported by the Federal Bureau of Education. Two years ago Mr. John J. Tigert, United States Commissioner of Education, presented an article in the American Review of Reviews, in the nature of a statistical review covering the advance of education in the first 20 years of the present century. I will insert that in the record, and you will notice he shows education is amply provided for, giving the number employed in it, and the amount of money spent upon it. It seems to us that this completely refutes any statements regarding illiteracy in this country due to lack of educational facilities, and that in that respect the statements of the proponents of the bill that additional stimulation would be necessary are not justified. (The article referred to is as follows): TWENTY-FIVE MILLION YOUNG AMERICANS GO TO SCHOOL (By John J. Tigert, United States Commissioner of Education) The great advance along all lines of human endeavor in the United States, at the close of the first quarter of the twentieth century, is particularly reflected in the progress made in education. A statistical comparison between the educational situation at the end of the nineteenth century and the educational status at the present time reveals the following significant facts: The total population of the United States in 1900 was 75,602,515, with an estimated school population of 21,404,422. In 1924 the total population amounted to 112,078,611, with an estimated school population of 29,345,911. The percentage of the total population enrolled in public schools in 1900 was 20.5. In 1924 it was 21.7. In 1900 the percentage of school population enrolled in public schools was 72.4; in 1924 it was 82.8. In the year 1900 the United States had enrolled in its public schools 15,503,110 children, of whom 14,983,859 were in the elementary schools, and 519,251 in high schools. We were expending for public education at that period the sum of $214,964,618 divided as follows: For capital outlay, $35,450,820; salaries of school employees, $137,687,746; other purposes, $41,826,052. In 1924 the number of pupils enrolled in the public schools of the country reached 24,288,808, of whom 20,898,930 were in the elementary schools and 3,389,878 in secondary schools. We were expending for public education in the United States in 1924 the sum of $1,820,743,936, divided as follows: For capital outlay, $388,469,143; salaries of school employees, $978,064,705; other purposes, $454,210,088. The average annual salary of all teachers in 1900 was $3.5; in 1924 it was $1,227. To accommodate the great army of school children, 263,280 schoolhouses were required in 1924. The total number of teachers employed in public schools, elementary and secondary, in 1920 was 423,062; in 1924 the number was 761,308. The value of all school property amounted to $550,069,217 in 1900, and $3,744,780,000 in 1924. In 1900 the percentage of pupils in high schools was 3.3; in 1924 the percentage was 14. The universities, colleges, and professional schools present the following interesting statistics: The total number of teachers in 1900 was 22,134; in 1924 it was 56,279. In 1900 the number of male students was 162,899; female, 61,385; making a total of 224,423. In 1924 the number of male students was 457,701; female students 268,423; total 726,124. In 1900, 1 out of every 186 persons in the United States was a college graduate. In 1925, 1 out of every 89 is a college graduate. The foregoing statistics show that educational progress compared with the growth of population is keeping abreast of the times, and that the rising generation of citizens is being generously cared for. I present these statistics to you in order to show that the condition of public education in this country, while it may not be as satisfactory as it is hoped it will ultimately become, is by no means in such a con |