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WORKS ON ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM.

ELECTRICITY TREATED EXPERIMENTALLY. For

the use of Schools and Students. By LINNAEUS CUMMING, M.A. late Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. With 242 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d. EXERCISES in ELECTRICAL and MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, with Answers. By R. E. DAY. 12mo. 3s. 6d.

The ART of ELECTRO-METALLURGY, including all known Processes of Electro-Deposition. By G. GORE, LL.D. F.R.S. With 56 Woodcuts. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.

ELECTRICITY and MAGNETISM. By FLEEMING ENKIN,

F.R.SS.L.&E. M.I.C.E. With 177 Illustrations. Fcp. 8vo! 3s. 6d.

ELECTRICITY for PUBLIC SCHOOLS and COLLEGES. By W. LARDEN, M.A. With 215 Illustrations and a Series of Examination Papers with Answers. Crown 8vo. 6s.

MAGNETISM and ELECTRICITY. By A. W. POYSER, B.A.

With 235 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.

ADVANCED ELECTRICITY and MAGNETISM.

By

A. W. POYSER, M.A. With 317 Illustrations. Crowu 8vo. 48. 6d. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING for ELECTRIC LIGHT ARTISANS and STUDENTS. (Embracing those branches prescribed in the Syllabus issued by the City and Guilds Technical Institute.) By W. SLINGO and A. BROOKER. With 307 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d. POTENTIAL, and its APPLICATION to the EXPLANATION of ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA. Popularly Treated. By Dr. TUMLIRZ, Lecturer in the German University of Prague. Translated by D. ROBERTSON, M.A. LL.B. B.Sc. With 108 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

LESSONS in ELECTRICITY at the ROYAL INSTITUTION, 1875-76. By JOHN TYNDALL, D.C.L. With 58 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. NOTES of a COURSE of SEVEN LECTURES on ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA and THEORIES, delivered at the Royal Institution. By JOHN TYNDALL, D.C.L. Crown 8vo. 1s. 6d.

RESEARCHES on

DIAMAGNETISM and MAGNE

CRYSTALLIC ACTION. By JOHN TYNDALL, D.C.L.
numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 12s.

With 8 Plates and

Α HANDBOOK of PRACTICAL TELEGRAPHY.

R. S. CULLEY, M.I.C.E. With 135 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. 8vo. 16s.

By

TELEGRAPHY. By W. H. PREECE, F.R.S. M.I.C.E. &c.

Electrician and Divisional Engineer, Post Office Telegraphs; and Sir J. SIVEWRIGHT, M.A. K.C.M.G. General Manager South African Telegraphs. With 255 Woodcuts. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.

MANUAL of TELEGRAPHY. By W. WILLIAMS, Superin

tendent Indian Government Telegraphs. With 93 Woodcuts. 8vo. 10s. Bu.

TELEPHONE LINES AND THEIR PROPERTIES. By WILLIAM JOHN HOPKINS, Professor of Physics in the Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and Industry, Philadelphia. Crown 8vo. 6s.

London: LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.

New York: 15 East 16th Street.

FRAGMENTS of SCIENCE: a Series of Detached Essays'

Addresses, and Reviews. 2 vols. crown 8vo. price 16s.

VOL. I.

The Constitution of Nature-Radiation-On Radiant Heat in Relation to the Colour and Chemical Constitution of Bodies-New Chemical Reactions produced by Light-On Dust and Disease-Voyage to Aigeria to observe the Eclipse-Niagara-The Parallel Roads of Glen Roy-Alpine Sculpture-Recent Experiments on Fog-Signals-On the Study of Physics On Crystalline and Slaty Cleavage -On Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Forces-Physical Basis of Solar Chemistry Elementary Magnetism-On ForceContributions to Molecular Physics-Life and Letters of FARADAY-The Copley Medalist of 1870--The Copley Medalist of 1871-Death by Lightning-Science and the Spirits.

VOL. II.

Reflections on Prayer and Natural Law-Miracles and Special Providences-On Prayer as a Form of Physical Energy--Vitality Matter and Force Scientific Materialism An Address to Students-Scientific Use of the Imagination-The Belfast AddressApology for the Belfast Address-The Rev. JAMES MARTINEAU and the Belfast Address— Fermentation, and its Bearings on Surgery and Medicine Spontaneous GenerationScience and Man-Professor VIRCHOW and Evolution-The Electric Light. NEW FRAGMENTS. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.

CONTENTS: The Sabbath-Goethe's 'Farbeniehre-Atoms, Molecules and Ether Waves-Count Rumford-Louis Pasteur, his Life and Labours-The Rainbow and its Congeners-Address delivered at the Birkbeck Institution on October 22, 1884-Thomas Young-Life in the Alps-About Common Water-Personal Recollections of Thomas Carlyle-On Unveiling the Statue of Thomas Carlyle-On the Origin, Propagation, and Prevention of Phthisis-Old Alpine Jottings-A Morning on Alp Lusgen. LECTURES on SOUND. With Frontispiece of Fog-Syren,

and 203 other Woodcuts and Diagrams in the Text. Crown 8vo. price 10s. od. HEAT, a MODE of MOTION. With 125 Woodcuts and Diagrams. Crown 8vo. price 12s.

LECTURES on LIGHT DELIVERED in the UNITED STATES in 1872 and 1873. With Portrait, Lithographic Plate, and 59 Diagrams. Crown 8vo. price 7s. 6d.

ESSAYS on the FLOATING MATTER of the AIR in

RELATION to PUTREFACTION and INFECTION. With 24 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. price 7s. 6d. RESEARCHES

on

DIAMAGNETISM

and MAGNE

CRYSTALLIC ACTION; including the Question of Diamagnetic Polarity. Crown 8vo. price 12s. NOTES of a COURSE of NINE LECTURES on LIGHT, delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1869. Crown 8vo. price 1s. 6d. NOTES of a COURSE of SEVEN LECTURES on ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA and THEORIES, delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1870. Crown 8vo. price 1s. 6d.

LESSONS in ELECTRICITY at the ROYAL INSTITUTION, 1875-1876. With 58 Woodcuts and Diagrams. Crown 8vo. price 2s. 6d. ADDRESS DELIVERED before the BRITISH ASSOCIATION ASSEMBLED at BELFAST, 1874. With Additions. 8vo. price 4s. 6d.

London: LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.

New York: 15 East 16th Street.

FOR

PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

BY

W. LARDEN, M.A.

AUTHOR OF A SCHOOL COURSE IN HEAT,' IN USE AT RUGBY, CLIFTON,
CHELTENHAM, bedford, BIRMINGHAM, KING'S COLLEGE LONDON,
AND IN OTHER SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

NEW EDITION

LONDON

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.

AND NEW YORK: 15 EAST 16th STREET

1893

All rights reserved

HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY

FROM THE LIBRARY OF WILLIAM ROBINSON LAMAR SEPT. 22, 1930

PREFACE

10

THE SECOND EDITION.

In this edition many misprints have been corrected, several sections have been revised and improved, and some additions made on the subject of modern measuring instruments.

In answer to certain criticisms the author would add, firstly, that the book is not intended to be a practical companion to the laboratory, but rather to indicate the amount of theory that it is advisable to master before entering upon technical work; secondly, that it is assumed that the student can see and examine the instruments referred to, the descriptions being intended merely to enable the learner to understand at once the principle of each instrument that comes under his notice.

The writer wishes to acknowledge his obligations to Dr. A. H. Fison for help most kindly given with respect to corrections and additions for this edition.

August 1888.

W. L.

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