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7th 9. XI, JAN. 3, '91.]

delivereth him out of them, and gives inward piece and comfort to the soul for well-doing, and sorrow and trouble for evil-doing; to all which, as their manner is, they gave public assent, and to that of the light in the soul, they gave a double assent, and seemed much affected with the doctrine of truth; and also the benefit of the holy Scripture was largely opened to them."

New York, U.S.

J. J. LATTING.

PUNCH IN EGYPT.-The 'History' by the late J. Payne Collier and the illustrations by George Cruikshank have long been familiar to all readers, for 'N. & Q.' has had many references to the history of Punch and Judy. An Egyptian Punch and Judy may, however, be new to many readers, through the following extract from a portly volume of archæological and agricultural interest, Egypt after the War,' by Villiers Stuart of Dromana, M.P., London, John Murray, 1883, pp. 315,

316

"On landing at one of the sugar factories, we found that there was a fair going on under an avenue of tamarisks close by. The dealers sat under the trees with their wares before them, fruit and vegetables in one quarter, cotton and calicoes in another, native woollen stuffs, robes, rugs, cloth, &c., in a third; there was also a cattle-fair, sheep, buffaloes, camels, and donkeys. There were al fresco coffee-stalls and a booth, within which the sounds of very noisy music could be heard, the drum but predominating. We entered, and were much amused on finding that it was an Arab Punch and Judy show; Punch wore a turban and Judy a yashmak. The former perpetrated a series of enormities, and ended by tearing off Judy's veil during a family squabble; after this he became a perfect desperado, and on the Maniour (chief magistrate of the district), got up in the official tarboosh and blue frock coat, arriving, attended by a retinue of cawasses, armed with sticks, he knocked that redoubtable personage head over heels, amid the vociferous apPunch Pasha's plause of the assembled fellaheen. popularity was now at its height, and much sympathy was felt for him when his career terminated by his being hanged on the pole of a shadoof. It was really a very clever and lively performance. I turned to the Inspector of the Factory, who was with me, and said, I suppose they have borrowed this from Europe.' Borrowed it from Europe!' he exclaimed. 'Why it was performed in the East before Europe was thought of." So, then, -old Punch is, after all, but a degenerate version of an Egyptian play."

ESTE.

SERVIAN SCARECROWS.-Some years ago there was a bitter controversy whether certain English travellers of the highest character were, or were not, mistaken in their accounts of what they had seen on the banks of the river Save while steaming down it. It is not for me, or for others who were not on the spot, to decide such a question. But if an alternative be put before me, is it more satisfactory to think that two travellers might be mistaken or that unheard-of cruelty was practised by an ally? For the credit of human nature I should incline to the former, and I therefore welcome any testimony which tends to render it the more probable of the two. Hence I append the

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He following extract from 'The Wanderings of a War Artist,' Irving Montague, London, 1889.

states:

"I am certainly under the impression that, terrible as Turkish atrocities were much over-estimated; and that they no doubt were, in many cases the Bulgarian and more than once Englishmen high in office, who, in the best of faith, described themselves as eye-witnesses to those horrors, were really the victims of delusion. I speak of near the banks of the Save by those who took that route the gibbeted warnings to be seen at intervals in fields on their way to the front. Nothing could be more grim than those sights at a little distance. However, when on closer inspection they were discovered to be nothing more terrible than scarecrows, which are made considerbly more like the human form divine than those in this I may add from my own experience that even country, they lost their terrors."-P. 359. English-made scarecrows may for a while impose own parish some years ago I stopped, under the upon a beholder, for when walking through my belief that I saw a man standing in a field, perhaps fifty yards off, and could not for some seconds convince myself that it was not a living being. Had I been driving quickly by I should have gone away in that first belief, and have continued to hold it unquestionably against all gainsayers. But I should have been mistaken!

W. E. BUCKLEY.

SHAKSPEARE.—It may be interesting to many of the readers of 'N. & Q.' to know that a Shakespear took part in the battle of Waterloo. According to 'The Waterloo Roll-Call,' by Charles Dalton, F.R.G.S. (Clowes & Son, London, 1890), “Arthur Shakespear, a son of John Shakespear, by Mary Drummond," was a captain of the 10th (or the Prince of Wales's own Royal Regiment of Light Dragoons) Hussars, one of the three regiments of the 6th, or Major-General Sir Hussey Vivian's, Cavalry Brigade. Capt. Shakespear was placed on half-pay in October, 1818, and died in 1845. 6, Freegrove Road, N. left issue.

HENRY GERALD HOPE.

He

NEW YEAR'S CUSTOMS IN THE ISLE OF MAN. -The following, which appeared under this heading in the Manchester Courier of January 6, 1890, deserves a less ephemeral existence in N. & Q.':

"On New Year's Day in the Isle of Man an old custom is still partially observed called the Quaaltagh.' In almost every district throughout the island a party of young men go from house to house singing a rhyme in Again we assemble, a merry New Year To wish to each.one of the family here, the Manx language, which translated is as follows:Whether man, woman, or girl, or 'boy, That long life and happiness all may enjoy. May they of potatoes and herrings have plenty, With butter and cheese, and each other dainty, And may their sleep never, by night or by day, Disturbed be by even the tooth of a flea, Until at the Quaaltagh again we appear, To wish you, as now, all a Happy New Year. When these lines are repeated at the door the whole

party are invited into the house to partake of the best the family can afford. On these occasions a person of dark complexion always enters first, as a light-haired male or female is deemed unlucky to be a first foot, or 'Quaaltagh,' on New Year's morning. The actors in the Quaaltagh do not assume fantastic habiliments, like the mummers of England or the Guiscards of Scotland, nor do they, like the performers of the ancient mysteries, appear ever to have been attended by minstrels playing on different kinds of musical instruments. It was formerly considered a most grievous affair were the person who first swept a floor on New Year's morning to brush the dust to the door, instead of beginning at the door and sweeping the dust to the hearth, as the good fortune of the family individually would thereby be considered to be swept from the house for that year. On New Year's Eve, in many of the upland cottages, it is still customary for the housewife, after raking the fire for the night, and before stepping into bed, to spread the ashes smoothly over the floor with the tongs, in the hope of finding on it, next morning, the print of a foot. Should the toe of this print point towards the door, then, it is believed, a member of the family will die in the course of that year; but should the toe point in the contrary direction, then it is as firmly believed that the family will be augmented within that period."

Manchester.

J. B. S.

THE THREE KINGS OF COLOGNE.-The 'Bristol Guide,' by Joseph Mathews, published by J. Mathews, 29, Bath Street, Bristol, 1825, p. 149, states that

"Foster's Chapel, dedicated to the three Kings of Cologn [sic] was founded by John Foster in 1504, who had been mayor in 1481, and is situated in Steep Street, St. Michael's, the rector of which parish is paid by the chamberlain of Bristol, for reading prayers, and a monthly sermon to be preached in this chapel."

H. DE B. H.

LAZY LAWRENCE. For some time I had my doubts as to whether this phrase were due to alliteration--as I thought the more likely-or whether it took its rise from some county Lawrence noted for his laziness. However, a similar, and probably prior, saying in Breton's 'Olde Madcappes new Galli-mawfry,' 1602, decides the question in favour of alliteration. On signature D we have:

And lazy Lobkin, like an idle lowte,

Was made no better then a washing blocke.
BR. NICHOLSON.

MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS.-There was recently some discussion in the columns of 'N. & Q.' touching the date of Queen Mary's death. To those readers who were interested in the subject the following quotation may be acceptable. The extract is taken from a small work, Mariæ Stuartæ, Viventis, ac Morientis, Acta,' by J. Bisselus, Solisbaci, 1725:

"Anni Octogesimi Septimi Diem, rex posuit, Sextum Idus Februarii; Julianis e Fastis, Octavum Februarii. qui tamen, e Gregorianis numeratus; erat, & est hodie, Februarii decimus-octavus: seu, Duodecimus, ante Kalendas Martias. Cæterum ex Annis Vitæ Stuartææ,

quos ponit ipse Quadraginta Sex, primus, ac postremus, exiguam duntaxat suí particulam obtinuerunt, annus videlicet primus, Decembrem mensem; quantus a die septime excurrit, in diem trigesimum primum. Annus vero postremus, Januarium, ac Februarii dies octodecim. Medii vero, inter primum & ultimum, anni; pleni sunt, & completi, quadraginta quatuor. Id supputatio facile evincet, ducentibus nobis calculum ab anno 1542, cujus septimo Decembris Stuarta nata est; usq ad annum 1587. cujus 18. Februarii est extincta. Vixit igitur, ad summam exactam perducendo Chronologiam ejus, Annos consummatos, Quadraginta quatuor, Mensesque duos, & dies Undecim." J. YOUNG.

EDMOND HOYLE. (See 7th S. vii. 481.)—The following Hoyle notes may interest your readers: in Dublin, entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a Richard, son of John Hoyle, gentleman, born Pensioner November 13, 1696, aged fifteen next birthday.

John Hoyle, son of Francis Hoyle, merchant, born in county of Dublin, entered Trinity College as a Fellow Commoner July 16, 1698, aged sixteen next birthday.

Anne, daughter of John and Martha Hoyle, was buried at St. Michenes August 16, 1697.

Y. S. M.

ABRAHAM RUDHALL, BELL-FOUNDER.-Among the Somerset and Gloucestershire MS. collections (mostly relating to the manor of Kingsweston, the chief property of the Southwell family in England), being the miscellaneous papers of Sir Robert Southwell and his son, the Right Hon. Edw. Southwell, Secretary of State for Ireland, contained in two volumes, folio, russia, gilt edges, which were offered for sale at eighteen guineas by was the following large broadside, printed at OxThomas Thorpe, of London, bookseller, in 1834, ford by Leonard Lutfield, 1715:

Peals, cast since 1684,* by Abr. Rudhall, of the City of A Catalogue of Peals of Bells, and of Bells in and for Gloucester, Bell Founder, with the names of Benefactors.†

From it we learn (inter alia) that for London Rudhall cast for St. Bride's, Fleet Street, ten bells; St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, eight; and St. Sepulchre's, three.

And in some MS. memoranda of a journey, by the said Edward Southwell, from Kingsweston, Gloucester, to Wenlock, Salop, October, 1715, contained, with various diaries and notes of other journals by the same, 1684-1716, in another folio volume, half-russia, offered for sale at two guineas also in 1834 by Thorpe, is noted the following:

hands, a foundry which had been in active operation for more than three hundred years previously, and was held by his descendants down to 1830, when it was fused into the foundry at Whitechapel.

*When the Gloucester foundry came into A. R.'s

† Among whom is "Browne Willis, Esq., a great Benefactor to Church and Bells."

In 1710, and two more in 1718.

"Glocester: at night had Mr. Rudholl, the bellfounder. A foundation ringer is one that rings at sight: not many of them. He has prick'd a ream of changes, the bobs and common hunt. 77. per cwt. his metal. Tinglass necessary to make sharp trebles. He casts to half a note, which is mended by the hammer. He takes the notes of them all by a blow pipe."

Probably at this interview the copy of the very scarce broadside above mentioned was given by Rudball to Southwell, it having been printed the W. I. R. V.

same year.

TO RENEGE.

"The reporters seem to have made a desperate stumble over a word used by Mr. Parnell in his speech at the meeting of the Irish party on Monday. The member for Cork spoke of the late Isaac Butt as having formerly ' reneged' him. The Times spells the word correctly, but places it between inverted commas, as though it were an unwelcome little stranger. The Telegraph has renaiged'; the Standard 'renagued'; the Daily News 'renaigred'; and the Post 'reneagued.'

"Of course renege' is a legitimate Shaksperian word of Latin derivation, meaning to deny, disown, or renounce. See' Antony and Cleopatra, Act I. scene i. :His captain's heart

Which in the scuffles of great fights hath burst The buckles on his breast reneges all temper. The reporter in the Morning Post may, however, defend his orthography on the ground that Charles Knight's Shakespeare has reneagued.""-G. A. S., in Sunday Times for Dec. 7, 1890.

L. L. K.

PARALLEL PASSAGES IN BUCKINGHAM AND COWPER.-The appended passages occur in two very different classes of composition. One is from a comedy written by the profligate George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham; the other forms the third verse of the pious Cowper's well-known hymn, beginning,—

God moves in a mysterious way. The physician in Buckingham's comedy says:"All these threatning storms, which, like impregnate clouds, hover o'er our heads, will......melt into fruitful showers of blessings on the people."-"The Rehearsal,' Act II. sc. i.

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the Bracelet de Turquoise,' by A. Theuriet (Paris, 1890). The first passage is p. 86, where a young married lady and a gentleman, who did not know each other previously, find themselves alone in a public conveyance, and the lady's reflections are:

"Décidément le voisin avait le tour d'esprit original et puisqu' il aimait a fleureter, elle ne voyait pas d'inconvénients à lui donner gaiement la réplique." In the course of the same evening it is said of the same lady that

"sa tendresse expansive [towards her husband] était doublée par......et peut-être aussi par un secret remords d'avoir fleureté plus que de raison avec le voyageur du coupé" (p. 94).

In the first example the word was used of a gentleman; in the second, of a lady. It occurs again p. 213, and is again used of a lady. I have asked a French friend about this verb, and he declares it to be quite new to him.

Now, why did M. Theuriet use this verb? Had he met with it in some old French writer; or did he make it up for himself out of the frequently used 66 conter fleurette to say soft nothings"? It is not likely that he should have concocted it out of flirter (borrowed from our to flirt, and now very common in French), though he himself uses this in the same book (p. 176), and flirtation* somewhere else, for the i in flirter is, I believe, always pronounced in France as a y in myrte, and not like our i in to flirt. But whatever led him to use the word, I sincerely hope it will take, for there is no notion of deceit or fraud in it, as Prof. Skeat tells us that there is in our flirt; far from that, it expresses all that is pretty and innocent in flirtation. Besides, the French word flirter is not pretty, and in this respect also fleureter (which is, moreover, of purely home growth) has a great advantage over it.

In conclusion, as all etymologists seem to be agreed that there is no grammatical connexion between fleureter and to flirt, which is looked upon as purely English, and as I myself cannot discover any reason for supposing that there is any such connexion-seeing that the older meanings of to flirt (often written furt) cannot have been derived from fleureter-I will say nothing upon that point. But the question does arise, whether the present meaning of to flirt, which does not, at most, seem to be more than two or three centuries old and has no great resemblance to the older meanings of the word, may not have been derived, at least in part, from the very similar verb fleureter, which seems to have been used in the sense of talking frivolously and lightly so far back as the fifteenth

century.

Sydenham Hill.

F. CHANCE.

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consisting of Prologues, Epilogues, Songs, Epitaphs, Epigrams, &c. (never Printed before), with a New Farce, called Newmarket; or, The Humours of the Turf." Halifax, Printed for the Author, 1763, 12mo. The second edition of his 'Newmarket,' a comedy, in two acts and in prose, was published at Coventry in 1774, 12mo. DANIEL HIPWELL. 34, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell.

'HOLY MIRROR.'-'Holy Mirror; or, the Gospel according to Jerome Xavier, S.J., Mr. Rogers has an article on this subject in the Asiatic Quarterly Review for July. Compare article on Publius Lentulus in Robert Taylor's 'Diegesis,' p. 359 of the sixth edition, published by Truelove. J. J. FAHIE. Shiraz, Persia.

Queries.

We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct.

THE FIRST DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH.-It is certain that the Duke of Marlborough returned to England soon after the taking of Kinsale in 1690, and it is asserted that he stayed in London only a very short time, and went back to Ireland for the winter. 1. Is there proof-and if there is, what is it, and where is it to be found-that he ever did go back to Ireland? 2. If he did return to Ireand, what did he do there, and where did he command? I shall feel extremely obliged for any information on the subject.

C. C. W.

[Mr. Leslie Stephen, in the Dictionary of National Biography,' simply says, "Marlborough was sent back to Ireland, where he held a command during the winter."] BOW STREET RUNNERS: DETECTIVES.-Can any one inform me at what date and through what cause the Bow Street runner became obsolete? Also, does any one know when the term detective came into common use? TRAMPULETTI.

RULE OF THE FOOTPATH.-From Boswell's Life of Johnson,' vol. i. p. 87 (fifth edition), it appears that the rule for foot-passengers in London a hundred years ago was "keep to the right," and the rule has been observed to the present day, though there is no police regulation to that effect. Can any reader of N. & Q.' give a reference to any recorded authority on the subject in Dr. Johnson's time? FOOT-PASSENger.

[A similar question was asked 3rd S. ix. 296, and remains unanswered. It extracted much information as to the practice in various countries, the justification of the custom, and mnemonic verses, which is embodied in N. & Q.,' and needs not be repeated.]

NATIONAL FLAG OF SCOTLAND.-Can you inform me what was the national flag of Scotland,

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"In the north of England the common people still make a sort of little images at Christmas, which they call Yule Doos-this in modern language would be Christmas gods-a custom no doubt derived from their pagan ancestors: in them it is no idolatry, as they attach no meaning to it whatever, and only do it because it always has been done."

Thus wrote Caroline Fry in 'The Listener' (vol. i. p. 62, seventh edition) in 1836. Are these Yule Doos, Doughs, or Dows (see Branch, vol. i. p. 526), still made in the form of "little images"; and, if so, where? H. G. GRIFFINHOOFE.

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46, Shooter's Hill Road, Blackheath. TENNYSON: THE PRINCESS.'-Can any one explain for me the reference in the lines,

Lands in which at the altar the poor bride Gives her harsh groom for bridal-gift a scourge. I am told that this was a custom in Russia in the seventeenth century, but can find no first-hand notice of it. The lines occur in v. 367, 368.

P. M. W. CAPT. CAROLINE SCOTT.-Scottish Notes and Queries accuses Capt. Caroline Scott of cruelty after Culloden. Who was this officer with a feminine name HENRY F. PONSONBY.

?

'ABÉCÉDAIRE.'-I have an undated book, published in Paris, entitled 'Abécédaire des Petits Gourmands,' by Madame Dufrenoy, with twentysix illustrations after designs by MM. Devilly

and Leloi, "peintres à la Manufacture Royale de Porcelaine [Sèvres]." The designs are extremely pretty; but they are spoilt by being lithographed in an offensively smudgy manner. Have other editions of this book ever appeared in which justice has been done to the designs; and has the book ever been described in 'N. & Q.' or elsewhere? ANDREW W. TUER.

The Leadenhall Press, E. C.

GENEALOGY.-Could any reader of N. & Q.' give either the genealogy of, or any information about, Thomas Tod, who lived in the county of Edinburgh or Haddingtonshire, and who, in about the year 1695, married Janet Stuart ? E. MURRAY TOD.

22, Clarence Square, Cheltenham.

SHELP.-Can any one tell me the meaning of this word? I do not find it in any of my wordbooks. In 'Lex Londinensis,' 1680, there are minute directions, issued in 1630, for regulating the fishery of the river Thames.

Trinckes were small boats, used in netting, and a limited number of them were allowed to be moored in the stream, and only at certain places. "At Woolwich shelp two; at Dagnam [Dagenham] shelp six"; and so on.

Can "shelp" be a misprint for shelf? Hardly possible, I think; for the word occurs four times in the same form.

J. DIXON.

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ROMINAGROBIS.-Sir Horace Walpole writes to Sir Horace Mann, in 1763, “The King of Prussia, who has one life more than Rominagrobis the monarch of the cats had, lights upon all his legs." What is the allusion? HERBERT MAXWELL.

OLD ETON SCHOOL LISTS.-I am in search of certain old MS. lists or rolls of Eton boys of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, once in the possession of Stephen Apthorp, assistant master. Down to some time between the years 1837 and 1847 these rolls were in the possession of the Rev. Edward Jones, Rector of Milton Keynes, Bucks. Mr. Jones's son has informed me that some time between these two dates his father went to Eton to dine, and took the rolls with him, and presented them, he believes, either to the provost or head master. The rolls cannot be found at Eton, and the representatives of Provost Hodgson and Dr.

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MERCERS AS A COMPANY.-In the Athenæum review of Mr. A. E. Gibbs's Corporation Records of St. Albans' it is observed :

"All crafts within the borough were classed under four companies, each with a warden-the mercers, the innholders, the victuallers, and the shoemakers. But of these the last two disappeared in time, with the result that the mercers included, inter alios, vintners, apothecaries, coopers, glaziers, &c., while among the innholders were tanners, musicians, ropers, and smiths." I should be glad to know if this division of traders into companies was as plainly marked elsewhere. In the earliest Launceston parish register (15591670) there are entries concerning "Mr. John Badcock, Mercer," and "Mr. Robt. Pearse, mercer," the prefix being very uncommon, and elsewhere applied to a trader only, I think, in the case of "Mr. George Knill, vintner." Of other traders, John Cadbury, blacksmith; John Abbot, "shopkeeper"; William Cornish, innholder; Robert Jenkin, "malster " (sic); Henry Harnes, weaver ; Benjamin Burgess, brasier; Sampson Goatch, glover; Christopher Thomson, innholder; John Ball, "marchiant" (sic); John Pears, "smyth"; John Kingdon, cutler; and William Barnerd, shoemaker, all appear without the "Mr." Did that prefix customarily designate such superior tradesmen as mercers? ALFRED F. ROBBINS.

PRE-REFORMATION RECTORS OF RIBCHESTer, co. LANCASTER.-Information is sought as to any details concerning the early rectors of Ribchester. The list, as given by Baines (new edition) and Whitaker (fourth edition), as well as in the History of Ribchester' (published in 1890), is neither complete nor accurate. Mr. C. T. Boothman, of

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