that is to say, "You remain men in shape and fashion, but become devils in life and condition."

If some do not well understand what is "an Englishman Italianated," I will plainly tell him: "He that by living and travelling in Italy, bringeth home into England the religion, the learning, the policy, the experience, the manners of Italy." That is to say, for religion, papistry, or worse; for learning, less commonly than they carried out with them; for policy, a factious heart, a discoursing head, a mind to meddle in all men's matters; for experience, plenty of new mischiefs never known in England before; for manners, variety of vanities, and change of filthy living.'

From the writings and other memorials of Ascham it appears, that he was of an amiable temper; of great kindness to his friends, and exemplary gratitude toward his benefactors; disposed to freedom of inquiry in religion, but too intent on other pursuits to exercise much zeal upon this object; respectable as a man, but chiefly to be honoured as a scholar, who deserved from his contemporaries more liberal rewards than he received, and who rendered essential service to posterity by promoting correct taste and sound learning.

"His works are, perhaps, less read than their merit deserves. In respect of his literary habits, it has been observed, that "he lost no time in the perusal of mean or unprofitable books;" a rule, well worthy of the attention of every student who reads in order to acquire knowledge. Dr. Johnson observes, that he "entered Cambridge at a time when the last great revolution of the intellectual world was filling

every academical mind with ardour or anxiety. The destruction of the Constantinopolitan empire had driven the Greeks, with their language, into the interior parts of Europe. The art of printing had made books easily attainable, and Greek now began to be taught in England. The doctrines of Luther had already filled all the nations of the Romish communion with controversy and dissension. Those, who were zealous for the new learning, were often no great friends to the old religion; and Ascham, as he became a Grecian, became a Protestant. The Reformation was not yet begun; disaffection to Popery was considered as a crime justly punished by exclusion from favour and preferment, and was not yet openly professed, though superstition was gradually losing it's hold upon the public. The study of Greek was reputable enough, and Ascham pursued it with diligence and success equally conspicuous."

436

JOHN JEWEL,

BISHOP OF SALISBURY.*

[1522-1571.]

THIS eminent champion of the Protestant cause, the descendent of an ancient family in Devonshire, was born at the village of Buden in that county, in 1522. At the age of seven, he was instructed in the rudiments of grammar by his maternal uncle Mr. John Bellamy, Rector of Hamton. He was afterward sent to school at Branton, and thence removed successively to South-Molton, and to Barnstaple. Before he was fourteen he was placed at Merton College, Oxford, under the tuition of Peter Burrey, a man of inconsiderable learning, and no great friend to the Reformation. But he was subsequently committed to the care of Mr. John Parkhurst, a fellow of the same College,† under whom he was initiated in the principles of Protestantism, and made a rapid progress in his academical studies.

In 1539, he removed to Corpus Christi College, of

* AUTHORITIES. Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses, and the History and Antiquities of Oxford, Humphrey and Featley's Life of Jewel, and British Biography.

↑ Afterward Bishop of Norwich.

which he was elected a scholar and in the year following he was admitted to the degree of B. A., after which he applied himself with uncommon assiduity to theological learning; accustoming himself to rise at four in the morning, and to continue at his books till ten at night with a devotedness, which made it necessary to remind him of the hours of refreshment. By this indefatigable industry he acquired an amazing fund of knowledge, but it was at the expense of his health; for, in consequence of a neglected cold, he contracted a lameness which became incurable.

Thus qualified, Jewel commenced tutor, and by his influence and instructions greatly promoted the cause of the Reformation. He was, likewise, chosen Professor of Rhetoric in his College,* which office he held with distinguished honour seven years. His lectures indeed were so much admired, that the fame of them brought from his country-retirement his old preceptor Parkhurst, who not only bestowed the highest encomiums on his abilities, but also took upon himself the expenses of his degree of M.A. In his moral

* "What Tully spoke of Pompey's noble exploits in war, that they could not be matched by the valiant acts of all the Roman commanders in one year, nor in all years by the prowess of one commander;' so it may be truly said of Jewel, Hooker, and Rainolds (all Devonshire men) that they could not be parallelled by the students of all counties brought up in one college, nor the students in all colleges born in one county.' The two former mainly opposed the enemies of the doctrine, the third, of the discipline of the church of England, with like happy success; and they were all three in several kinds very eminent, if not equal, As Jewel's fame grew from the Rhetoric Lecture, which he read with singular applause, and Hooker's from the Logic, so Rainolds' from the Greek, in C. C. Coll." (Wood's Ath. Oxon. I. 339.)

character, he was the example of his College; insomuch that the Dean, a rigid Papist, used to say to him, "I should love thee, Jewel, if thou wert not a Zuinglian. In thy faith, I hold thee to be an heretic; but, surely, in thy life thou art an angel.”

On the accession of Edward VI., Jewel threw off the veil of secrecy, made a public declaration of his religious opinions, and entered into a strict friendship with Peter Martyr, who then occupied the divinitychair. In 1550, he took the degree of B. D., upon which occasion he preached an excellent Latin sermon. About this time, likewise, he was presented to the rectory of Sunning-Well in Berkshire; and, though his lameness made the exercise painful to him, he walked constantly to his church every other Sunday to preach and to catechise.

The result of this his indefatigable zeal during the reign of Edward was, a virulent prosecution com→ menced against him by the Papists as soon as Mary ascended the throne. It was begun by the fellows of his own College, who expelled him for heresy, even before any public orders had been issued for restoring the old religion. The University however, at the same time, from their high opinion of his literary abilities, employed him to compose the congratulatory address upon the accession of the new Sovereign, and appointed him their Orator. This honour indeed, it has been suggested, was intended to ensnare him; by rendering him odious to his own party, if he accepted, or by provoking the Papists, if he refused it. But, in that case, they completely missed their object; for the address was drawn up by him with such dexterity, in a form at once so respectful and so guarded, that it met with the full approbation of the Vice-chancellor