author-" her much spiritual Father, Pastor, and Brother, in the Fellowship of the Gospel, and Preacher of the Word at Margarets New Fish-street -has this passage on p. 31 of the third edition of his book, printed in London in 1661: endeared Friend, ment, which has no inscription and stands in the grounds of the Thevally Palace, was erected. The church registers give no clue, but the burial register at Alleppey, which is 50 miles by water from Quilon, notes the deaths of two children of Capt. Robert Gordon, Bombay Engineers, in 1823 and 1825. This officer, who was a son of the Rev. Ludovick Gordon, minister of Drainie, and grandfather of Mr. Charles Stewart Loch of the Charity Organisation Society, died at Bombay in 1834. J. M. BULLOCH. 118, Pall Mall, S.W. "There are three Heavens ; the first is Cœlum Aerium, the Aiery Heaven, where the Fowls of Heaven do flye; the second is Caelum Astriferum, where the stars of Heaven are; and the third is Calum Beatorum, the Heaven of the Blessed, where God appears in eminency, and where Christ shines in glory." In his long discourse of 222 pages the preacher frequently gives references in the margin to various Fathers for his quotations, but there is none in this place. I should be pleased to learn from whom he has taken the Latin words in the above passage. JOHN T. CURRY. DOG'S MONUMENT AT QUILON.-Can any reader tell me who was the hero of the following interesting dog story, narrated by Sir William Butler (Autobiography,' p. 48) apropos of his visit to Quilon on the Malabar Coast in May, 1863 ? "A mile before making the landing-place, we came on one of the many mimic promontories rising from the water which has a stone monument built upon it. It has a history. Many years ago a certain Col. Gordon was resident at Quilon. He was the owner of a large Newfoundland dog. One morning Gordon was bathing in the lake off this promontory; the dog lay by his master's clothes on the shore. Suddenly he began to bark in a most violent manner. Gordon, unable to see any cause for the animal's excitement, continued to swim in the deep water. The dog became more violently excited, running down to the water's edge at one particular point. Looking in the direction to which the animal's attention was drawn, the swimmer thought that he could perceive a circular ripple moving the otherwise smooth surface of the lake. Making for the shore, he soon perceived that the ripple was caused by some large body moving stealthily under the water. He guessed at once the whole situation a very large crocodile was swimming well below the surface, and making in his direction. The huge reptile was between him and the shore. The dog knew it all. Suddenly he ceased barking, plunged into the water, and headed in an oblique line so as to intercept the moving ripple. All at once he disappeared from the surface, dragged down by the huge beast beneath. When the dog found : BRISBANE FAMILY.-I am compiling a genealogy of those branches of this family that descend from the issue of John Brisbane of Bishoptoun by his second wife, Margaret (or Elizabeth ?), daughter of John Hamilton of Broomhill in Lanarkshire. William Frazer in his 'Genealogical Table of the Families of Brisbane of Bishoptoun and Brisbane,' &c., published at Edinburgh in 1840, mentions only one son, the Rev. William Brisbane, Minister of Erskine, who was ordained in 1603 and died circa 1642, in all of whose descendants I am especially interested, and I shall be glad of information concerning their line of descent. The South Carolina family of Brisbane, it is believed, belong to this branch. In a memorial of the family drawn up on the 16th of August, 1748, by George Crawford, Esq., Historiographer and Antiquarian," at Glasgow, he says:— 66 "There came of the family of Brisbane of that were younger Bishopton many cadets brothers of the house of Brisbane, as the Brisbanes of Barnhill and Silverland, shire of Renfrew ...The Brisbanes of Roslyn [Rossland ?] in the sonship, who were descended of Mathew Brisbane, eldest son of John Brisbane of Bishopton in King James VI.'s time by his second Table' gives Elizalady, Margaret [Frazer's beth], daughter and one of the three coheiresses the Hamilton, &c. ....Of Mr. William Brisbane, parson of Erskine, of whom descended Dr. Mathew Another son Brisbane, physician in Glasgow. already partly that all his efforts to alarm his master were useless, he determined to give his own life to save the man's, and so Col. Gordon built the monument on the rock above the scene, and planted the casarina tree to shadow it."; 1. Mr. O. S. Barrow, Lay Trustee of the English Church at Quilon, tells me that he has often made inquiries by whom the monu of David marriage was same of Mathew Brisbane of Roslyn was Sir John Brisbane, Advocate in the Royal Navy in the reign of Charles II., grandfather to the present [1748] Lord Napier; and of another son of Mathew Brisbane, the first Laird of Roslyn, Mr. James Brisbane, James Brisbane, came minister at Kilmalcolm, afterwards at Sterling, and other gentlemen of the surname of Brisbane," &c. I have transcribed the foregoing from a manuscript copy of the memorial, and it may possibly be worded differently from the original. It shows, however, that there was at least one other son of John Brisbane of Bishopton, Mathew, who left descendants. Any information concerning the above branches of the family of Brisbane, as also the origin and meaning of the surname, will be appreciated. Please reply direct. E. HAVILAND HILLMAN, F.S.G. c/o Anglo-South American Bank, Old Broad Street, E.C. Replies. GUILDS OF WEAVERS AND (11 S. iv. 8.) THE clothiers were the descendants of the weavers. There DR. BARNARD, PROVOST OF ETON.-To first; then guilds or crafts of drapers and were guilds of weavers what family did Capt. George Barnard of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, grandfather of Edward Barnard, Provost of Eton 1765-81, belong? Capt. Barnard married a lady named Martha (maiden surname unknown), and died in Flanders in 1693. It has been suggested that he was George Barnard, appointed as wagon-master to the Artillery Train for Ireland by the Duke of Schomberg, where he served 1689 to 1690. tailors; and later there were clothiers. The precise differences between these industries, as far as can now be known, are dealt with in W. J. Ashley's Early History of the Woollen Industry (American Economic Association), Baltimore, 1887. This work in a revised and fuller form is embodied in his Economic History,' London, 1893, vol. i. part ii., together with far more valuable and critical material than is found in any other book upon the subject of the cloth and woollen industries. The Rev. George Barnard, father of the Provost, was curate in charge of Harpenden, Herts, 1716-46, and Vicar of Luton 1745-60. His wife's name was Dorothy (maiden sur-chester, York, Huntingdon, and Nottingham There were guilds of weavers at Winname unknown). I am anxious to ascertain as early as the twelfth century. In 1351, the surnames of both Dorothy and Martha. at a time of some grievance among them, Dr. Edward Barnard's arms (Arg., on bend az. three escallops of the field) appear in The Encyclopædia Britannica,' vol. viii., 1797, but I have not been able to connect him with any of the families of Barnard or Bernard who now bear the same coat of H. C. BARNARD. arms. Bury Orchard, Wells, Somerset. PITT'S BUILDINGS: WRIGHT'S BUILDINGS. -Could any of your readers kindly assist me to identify the houses known in 1793 as Pitt's Buildings and Wright's Buildings, Kensington? Pitt's Buildings are mentioned by Faulkner, but not identified by Loftie. Do the houses still exist, or what streets have been built on their site ? MARY TERESA FORTESCUE. 66 66 the poor weavers of London" represented to Edward III. that Henry II. had given them a charter with a monopoly of their craft. Following the weavers came the drapers in the second half of the fourteenth century. The term draper" was first used for any one working or dealing in cloth, and the drapers became rivals of the weavers in the sale of cloth. The drapers obtained a charter about 1364, and in 1384 they purchased a hall, and thus obtained an administrative centre. This hall was in St. Swithin's Lane, just off Cannon Street, which was then the centre of the weavers in London. The difference between drapers and tailors in the fifteenth century is not easy to define. The tailors of London secured a grant of incorporation in 1408, and the drapers in 1438. We find the tailors of Southampton acting as a corporate body against aliens in 1474. The drapers and the tailors shared the right of search at St. Bartholomew's Fair, testing the cloth sold by "the drapers' ell" and by "the merchant tailors' silver yard." In the fifteenth century the cloth industry spread from the towns to the country, and a new class of men, called clothiers, arose. These clothiers were unlike those who had gone before them, for they controlled every stage of the business, from the buying of the wool to the turning out of the finished article (Ashley, p. 228). In the six teenth century there was some friction between weavers and clothiers, and in the Weavers' Act of 1555 the preamble sets forth: "Forasmuch as the weavers of this realm have complained that the rich and wealthy clothiers do in many ways oppress them," &c. A guild or fellowship of the clothworkers of Newbury existed in the reign of Henry VIII.; and in 1601 certain privileges already held were confirmed to this guild by a charter of Queen Elizabeth. Mr. Walter Money contributed to the Journal of the British Archæological Association, New Series, vol. ii., 1896, pp. 263-7, many interesting details of this guild, which still exists. Thomas Baskerville, in describing a journey from Abingdon to Southampton about the time of Charles I., says of Newbury folk: They are a very sociable people, and to increase trade do keep great feasts, each several company, they and their wives, feasting together, especially the clothiers and hatters. For coming one day through the town, and staying at 'The Globe Inn to dine one of the companies, they and their wives, after they had heard a sermon at church, were met at The Globe' with the town music, who, playing merrily before them, the men in their best clothes followed them, and after them the women in very good order, two and two, neatly trimmed and finely dressed, all in steeple-crowned hats, which was a pleasant sight to behold." Several families in Newbury bear such names as Weaver, Tucker, Dyer, and Shearman; and there is still standing in the town the Cloth Hall. The Guild possesses some items of corporate insignia, including the beadle's silver-mounted staff of office, and a belt with the arms of the Newbury weavers engraved on a silver shield, worn by the beadle at the annual festival. There are other facts given in Mr. Money's valuable paper which appear to answer very directly the REV. J. W. OSMAN'S question. Mr. A. F. Pollard's article in the 'D.N.B.' upon John Winchcombe (Jack of Newbury), and Thomas Deloney's Pleasant History of John Winchcomb, in his Younger Yeares called Jack of Newberie, the Famous and Worthy Clothier of England,' should be seen. Leland refers to one Stump of Malmesbury," who as a great clothier occupied "the whole lodgings of the Abbey," and "intendeth to make a street or two for clothiers in the back vacant grounds of the Abbey." The bibliography of the subject includes first in importance W. J. Ashley's Economic History, vol. i. part ii. chap. ii., on the Crafts (Guilds), and chap. iii., The Woollen Charters (The) and Letters Patent granted by the Kings and Queens of England to the ClothTranscribed from the originals in the possession of the Comworkers' Company (1480-1688). pany. London, 1881. 4to. Ordinances of the Clothworkers, Fullers, and Shearmen ; with a general account of their charters and constitution from Edward IV. to Elizabeth. n.d. 4to. Ordinances (The) of the Clothworkers' Company, together with those of the Ancient Guilds or Fraternities of the Fullers and Shearmen of the City of London (1480-1639). Transcribed from the originals in the possession of the Company. London, 1881. 4to. Towse, W. B. Selections from the Rules and Orders of the Court of the Clothworkers' Company, together with the ordinances or by-laws sanctioned by the judges in the year 1639. (London) 1840. 8vo. The Royal Commission on Livery Companies, 1884, supplements Herbert's book very well. Outside London the only considerable company which has had its history printed is the Merchant Taylors of Bristol, written by Mr. F. F. Fox (fifty copies privately printed, Bristol, 1880). The book is illustrated, and includes a picture of the Merchant Taylors' Hall at Bristol. Two years earlier (1878) Mr. Fox published a paper on The History of the Guilds of Bristol' which is printed in the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archæological Society's Proceedings, vol. iii., pp. 90-98. In 1889 Mr. Fox issued Account of the Weavers of Bristol which was also privately issued in Bristol and limited to fifty copies. There is a sheet in the B. M. dated 1630, "To all the clothiers of England-The state of the difference between the clothiers and the City of London." A. L. HUMPHREYS. 187, Piccadilly, W. < An KEATS, HAMPSTEAD, AND SIR C. W. DILKE (11 S. iii. 145, 176, 196).-The Borough of Hampstead has now come into possession of the valuable testamentary gift made by the late Sir Charles Dilke, which finds permanent, appropriate shelter at the Central Library in the Finchley Road. The Libraries Committee is to be congratulated upon the method of arrangement adopted for displaying the various mementoes of the poet to the best advantage; also upon the choice of the inscription upon the "home" of this prized collection As, however, his statement regarding Hogg "The Dilke Bequest of Keats' Relics and Cunningham has been accorded the is admirably concise and indicative. The value of substantial evidence, it should have present writer, when recently inspecting the consideration. Maginn was avowedly treasures, was sorry to note the paucity of familiar with all the lyrics in the Remains visitors; but that is a neglect which cannot of Nithsdale and Galloway Song,' and also certainly long prevail. The Hampstead and with a body of "Jacobite relics," which he Highgate Express gives the following as says Cunningham gave or lent to Hogg a list of the items :before the time of the Cromek venture. The Letters written by Keats; letters received second products, he avers, are superior to by him from Leigh Hunt; a trinket containing the first: "they are," in his own words, a lock of his hair; his notebook when a medical" simply chefs d'œuvre, and are almost, but student; books owned by him (some with marginal notes); love-letters to Fanny Brawne; not entirely, equalled by the Jacobite relics." various sketches and portraits of Keats, a plaster He thus distinguishes and dismask, and a bust of the poet." criminates, making it clear that the two sets of lyrics are separate and unrelated. Were it not so, we should be entitled to charge the critic with comparing and contrasting certain poetical compositions with themselves. Therefore we are justified in concluding that there is nothing in the one group which is repeated in the other. This postulates the exclusion of The Wee Wee German Lairdie' from the "relics" given or lent to Hogg, and disposes of the argument from Maginn's statement for Cunningham's authorship of that song. The latter two are not as yet, apparently, in position. 66 Junior Athenæum Club. CECIL CLARKE. MISTRESS KATHERINE ASHLEY OR ASTLEY (11 S. iii. 447; iv. 13).—MR. BAYLEY'S reply will not, I fear, help in elucidating the identity of this lady. My query was, How could Katherine Champernowne have married Sir John Astley when at the time referred to she was the wife of another? Sir John's second wife, Margaret, called daughter of Thomas, Lord Grey, brother of Henry, Lord Grey,' is certainly inaccurately described. There was neither a Thomas nor a Henry Lord Grey at that period who could have held this relationship to her. The lady intended is Margaret, daughter of Lord Thomas Grey, second son of the second Marquis of Dorset, and brother to the unfortunate Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk. Lord Thomas was beheaded 27 April, 1555, for being concerned in the Wyatt insurrection. His wife's name seems to be unknown, and it was probably this circumstance that led Sir Egerton Brydges in his Peerage' (sub Earl of Stamford) to express a doubt of Lord Thomas leaving a daughter. Her epitaph at Maidstonewhere she died in 1601-styles her "daughter of Thomas Grey, branched out of the right honourable house of the Greys, Dukes of Suffolk, Marquises of Dorset, &c." Margaret Astley was executrix to her husband, and proved his will in 1596. W. D. PINK, BURNS AND 'THE WEE WEE GERMAN LAIRDIE' (11 S. iii. 286, 354, 430; iv. 14). -A few final words may, perhaps, be permitted on this topic. In the first place, Maginn is a very slender authority on anything connected with Scotland, which he once banned as a "beggarly" region inhabited by "loons with bottomless breeks." Secondly, it is the case that, when a lad of eighteen, Cunningham had an interview with Hogg on Queensberry Hill, and read or recited to him some of his experiments in verse. Hogg reports the incident, and adds that the friendship thus begun was diligently fostered by himself. 66 From that day forward," he observes, "I failed not to improve my acquaintance with the Cunninghams. I visited them several times at Dalswinton, and never missed an opportunity of meeting with Allan." There is no allusion in this or other authentic reports to such literary deception as that given from tradition at the last reference. At the same time, this floating story of Cunningham's trickery receives colour from what is definitely known regarding his actual proceedings. Even if the legend, however, is to be assumed as chronicling a fact, it remains to be proved that The Wee Wee German Lairdie' was the lyric with which the eclectic aspirant abused the good nature of his friend. Yet this is now called 66 Cunningham's song. which imposed upon Hogg." Wherein is the warrant for the large assumption? Finally, there is still Hogg's "older collection," which included The Wee Wee German Lairdie,' and which, it is now evident, was not the cluster of "Jacobite relics mentioned by Maginn. Though this anthology may never be seen again, there is no reason to doubt that it once existed, and that it contained the lyric under discussion, which was familiar to Hogg as a traditional song and "a great favourite all over Scotland.' Till Hogg's statements can be explained away, it will be impossible to assign the authorship of The Wee Wee German Lairdie' to Allan Cunningham or any other writer. THOMAS BAYNE. [We cannot insert more on this subject.] GOWER FAMILY OF WORCESTERSHIRE (11 S. ii. 249, 417, 452; iii. 472).-As the lineage of William Gower, M.P. for Ludlow, has been queried, it is as well to give the following information concerning what Grazebrook in his Heraldry of Worcestershire' terms "a right ancient family." The descent from Richard Gower of Whittington, co. Worc. (temp. Ed. I.), to William Gower of Boughton St. John, co. Worc. (son of Henry Gower of Boughton St. John by his wife Barbara Littleton), who married Eleanor, daughter of John Folliott of Pirton, and died 1601, is in Visitation of Worcestershire of 1569' (Harl. Soc.). The second son of William Gower, i.e., George Gower of Colemers, Co. Worc., succeeded to the Boughton St. John property on the death of his elder brother John Gower in 1625, and was father to Abel Gower, M.A. Oxon., Fellow and Proctor of Oriel College, who was born 1567; married at St. Bartholomew-the-Less, London, 1 June, 1614, Ann Withers : and died 1632 (will proved P.C.C. 1632). Abel Gower's elder son, Abel Gower of Boughton St. John (born 1620 and died 1671: will proved P.C.C. 1671), had by Mary his wife two sons, who are both mentioned in his will: (1) Robert and (2) William, M.P. for Ludlow. (Particulars of William Gower and his descendants are supplied in Burke's Landed Gentry' under 'Gower of Glandovan '). The elder son, Robert Gower of Boughton St. John and of Buttonbridge Hall, co. Salop (born 1645), married in 1671 Katherine, daughter of Sir William Lacon Childe of Kinlet, co. Salop, and died 1690 (will proved P.C.C. 1690). His eldest son, Abel Gower of Boughton St. John (born 1672), married in 1692 Mary, daughter of Alnut of (?) Penshurst, Kent, and died 1710, leaving two sons: Abel Eustace Gower (born 1707, died 1711) and William Gower (born 1701), who married in 1729 Ann, daughter of Edward Thorp of Chiddingstone, Kent, and died 2 November, 1788. William Gower between 1724 and 1728 considerably encumbered his estate, and by indentures of lease and release dated 16 and 17 October, 1729, disposed of Boughton St. John to one Joseph Weston, thus parting with a property which had been in the family for many generations. William Gower had several children, the eldest of whom, Edward Gower of Chiddingstone, was born 1744, married Jane Honeywood of Ashford, Kent, and was father to Edward Gower, whose descendants are given in Mr. Crisp's Visitation of England and Wales,* vol. xv. p. 38. I have related the devolution of the Boughton St. John property to show that Nash (History of Worc.') was wrong in stating that it "descended to the Ingrams in the female line." Nash was evidently confusing Boughton St. John with the adjoining estate of Earl's Court, which did so descend. H. A. BULLEY. The difference of opinion as to whether the cross in the Gower arms is flory or patonce may be accounted for by Mr. Barron's explanation that both these terms are given in Tudor and modern heraldry to variants of the mediæval cross paty: The true cross paty, when encountered by the armorist in its plump shape (fashion of 1300), is ticketed cross patoncée; but when the fashion of 1450 thins its arms it straightway_becomes a cross flory" (Ancestor, i. 51). The term paty or paté," Mr. Barron points out, is applied in modern heraldry only to the old cross formy. G. H. WHITE. St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk. 66 LUSH AND LUSHINGTON SURNAMES (11 S. iii. 490). The name Lushington occurs frequently in the parish registers of this neighbourhood, but in its earlier form is, I think, without the h. In Testamenta Cantiana,' p. 157, Thos. Lustenton of Stonden, 1495, desires in his will to be buried in the churchyard of Hawkinge, near Folkestone. In Saltwood register, under 1579, is the record of the marriage of Alice Lussenton; and at Cheriton is that of Robertus Lussington. About the middle of the next century the spelling changes to Lushington. R. J. FYNMORE. Long, Personal and Family Names, 1883, says : "Lusher (le usher) and Lush. Lushington, the town of the son of Lush." W. B. GERISH. |