CONTENTS OF Gottenburg-Trolhättan-Wennersburg-Heat of the Climate Commerce, &c. - Helsinburg - Lund- Ystadt-Rostock-Mecklenburg Schwerin-Govern- ment-State of Peasantry-Mecklenburg Strelitz- Berlin-Arts and Manufactures-Prospect of Hostili- ties-Distress of Prussia-Opening of the Campaign- Affair of Gros-beeren-Alarm at Berlin-Conduct of the Inhabitants-Moreau-King of Prussia-Victory Criminal Execution-Swedish Character-Election of Bernadotte---Politics---Treaty of Kiel---Fête at Court-- Vision of Charles XI.-Constitution of Sweden-Phe- nomena attending the severe Cold-Upsala University -Clergy, &c.-Swedenborg-Mine of Dannemora— Forges, &c.-Grisleham-Passage over the Gulf of Aland Islands-Abo-Present State of Finland-Svea- borg-Wiborg-Petersburg - Original Intention of Peter I.-Consequences of the System he adopted— State of Society-Nobles-Slaves-Tribunals of Jus- tice-Emancipation-Education-Charitable Founda- tions-Court-Theatres, &c.-Government—Public Feeling with regard to present Politics-Trade— Manufactories Employment of Foreigners - The Mint Paper Money-Its Depreciation-The pro- bable Cause-Commerce-Siberia-Embassy to China Academy of Sciences-Casan Church-Religion— Sectarists - Superstition - Religious Ceremonies on Easter Eve-News of the Capture of Paris - Te Deum, Illumination, &c.-The Emperor-The fugitive Princes of Georgia-Severe Cold-Neva breaks up- Ice of the Ladoga descends-Return of warm Weather JOURNAL. SECTION I. PART OF SWEDEN AND THE NORTH OF GERMANY. Gottenburg-Trolhättan-Wennersburg-Heat of the Climate-Commerce, &c. - Helsinburg-LundYstadt-Rostock-Mecklenburg Schwerin-Government-State of Peasantry-Mecklenburg Strelitz— Berlin-Arts and Manufactures-Prospect of Hostilities-Distress of Prussia-Opening of the Campaign —Affair of Gros-beeren-Alarm at Berlin-Conduct of the Inhabitants-Moreau-King of Prussia-Victory of Juterbock-Politics, &c.-Journey to Stralsund-English Troops-Trade, &c.-Mineralogical Notices. IT was in the summer of 1813, while the rigorous enforcement of the French decrees precluded all hope of approaching the continent from any other quarter, that we set sail from England, and after a tedious voyage of fourteen days came to anchor in the port of Gottenburg. VOL. I. B As our haven, this spot had a double claim to interest; but neither was it in itself devoid of interest or beauty; the romantic aspect of the country around, the splendor of the town, the infinite variety of foreign shipping, and the numerous bustling groups that thronged the quays, all attracted our attention, while we saw or thought we saw a thousand novelties on every side. Our first night on shore passed with more than ordinary pleasure; and we awoke in the morning to the lively airs of a military band of music that pays the compliment of welcome to every new arrival. But already possessing the usual impatience of travellers, we took the earliest opportunity of making use of our liberty: our förebud (foreboder) therefore, for such is the custom, was despatched in advance; and two pair of horses, in the Swedish fashion, being yoked abreast to the carriage, we set out, before the oppressive heat of the day had well commenced, on an excursion to Trolhättan and its neighbourhood. Our mode of conveyance, in appearance so triumphal, was afforded at the moderate expense of 12 skillings bco. (9d.) each horse per mile, or in other words, for seven of our measure; while with regard to extra expenses, four or five skillings to the postillion and hostler at the end of the stage, as snaps or drink money, was held a liberal gratuity. The roads were excellent; the rate of posting from seven to ten English miles within the hour: and in addition to these advantages, the regulation of the dag-boke (daybook), where, at each stage, the traveller is required to enter his name, as well as the complaints he may be desirous of preferring against the post-master, is a sufficient check upon his conduct, to secure even a stranger against any attempt at imposition. As to provisions, rye cakes, milk, and fruit, were all that were to be had on |