c. Terminations in ice, in, ity, ility, itive, ible, in which i should have the obscure sound of i in sin. Thus prov'ince, not prov'unce, or prov'ence; ter'ri-ble, not terʼru-ble, or ter're-ble, &c. d. Terminations in ol, or, ory. Thus or'a-tor, not or'a-tur; for, not fur. e. Do not sound the e in the terminations ness, est, and less, like i or u. sun'less, not sun'liss, nor sun'luss; sick'ness, not sick'niss, or sick'nuss, &c. Thus f. The vowel a should generally have the obscure sound of a in fut. Thus ă-bed', not a-bed'; că-nal', not că-nal'. g. The vowel o should generally have the obscure sound of o in not. Thus con-vey', not cun-vey'; cor-rect', not cur-rect'. 2 In some words a vowel in an unaccented syllable should have the full sound. Thus in'no-vate, not in'no-vet; a-men', not ah-men'; al' a. The vowel a. ways, not al'wuz. b. The vowel e. c. The vowel i. d. The vowel o. Thus sim'i-le, not sim'i-ly; div'i-dend, not div'i dund. Thus i-de'a, not a-de'a; pri-me'val, not prim-e'val. Thus mot'to, not mot too; do-main', not du-main'; o-bey', not u-bey'; pro-fane', not pré-fane'; mel'o-dy, not mel'u-dy; to-bac'co, not tubac'car. e. The vowel u. Thus mon'u-ment, not mon'uh-munt; a'gue, not a'ger; occu-py, not oc'cup-py. 3 Avoid dropping the sounds of unaccented vowels. a. Of the vowel a. Thus grad'u-al, not grad'ule; met'al, not met'l; par-ticu-lar, not p'tic'alar; fa'tal, not fat'l; sep'a-rate, not sep'rate. b. Of the vowel e. Thus lit'e-ra-ry, not lit'rary; sev'er-al, not sev'ral; ev'er-y, not ev'ry; in'ter-est-ing, not int'resting; per-haps', not p'raps; be-lieve', not b'lieve; tol'er-a-ble, not tol'rable; tot'ter-ing, not tot'tring; sov'er-eign, not sov'rin; po'em, not pome. c. Of the vowel i. Thus Lat'in, not Lat'n; pu'pil, not pup'l; moun'tain, not mount'n; te'di-ous, not te'jus; cu'ri-ous, not cu-rous; civ'il, not civ'l. d. Of the vowel o. Thus rec-ol-lect', not rec'lect; his'to-ry, not hist'ry; mem'o-ry, not mem❜ry. e. Of the vowel u. Thus sup-pose', not s'pose; par-tic'u-lar, not partic'lar; aw'ful, not awf'l; sin'gu-lar, not sing'lar; ac'cu-rate, not ac'rate. 4 a. In the following words ending in ele should be suppressed: - shekel (shek'), weasel, ousel, navel, ravel, snivel, drivel, shrivel, shovel, grovel, hazel. b. In most other words ending in el the e has an obscure sound; as nov'el, not nov'l; par'cel, not pars'l; grav'el, not grav'l; squirrel, not squirr`l. c. In the following words ending in en e should have an obscure sound: sud'den (not suddn), kitch'en, hy'phen, chick'en, asp'en, mar'ten, pat'ten, leav'en, slov'en, mit'ten; and words in which en is preceded by l, m, n, or r; as wom'en, lin'en, wool'en, bar'ren (not barr'n). d. In most other words ending in en, the e is suppressed: as open (op'n); heaven (hev'n); eleven (e-lev'n). Also swollen (swol'n). 5 a. Avoid giving the long sound of i, as in fine, to unaccented syllables ending in ile, ine, ice, ide, ime. ite, which should have the short sound of i, as in pin. Thus, volatile, not volatile; engine, not engine; maratime, not maratime, &c. b. Some words with these terminations should have the long sound of i, the most important of which are the following:-exile (not exil), senile, edile, finite, feline, saline, contrite, gentile, sacrifice (sacrifize), cockatrice, nouns ending in ide, as suicide, reconcile, camomile, infantile, pantomime, columbine, carabine, concubine, muscadine, crystalline, asinine, saturnine, serpentine, turpentine, porcupine, countermine expedite, recondite, theodolite, cosmopolite, chrysolyte, aconite, parasite, appetite, tripartite, anchorite, satellite, pastime. 6 Avoid giving to and ow the sound of ur, as in potatur for po-ta-to; borrer for bor-row; windur for win-dow; taller for tal-low. 7 Unaccented a final should have an obscure sound of ah; thus, comma should be pronounced commah; America, Americah. Avoid giving to this letter the sound of ur, or of y final, or of e, or of a in fate, as in commur, or commy, or commay, for comma. 8 Avoid giving to i final the sound of ah: Mis-sou'ri, not Mis-sou'rah. 9 Do not suppress the sound of r, as waw for war; bust for burst; lawd for lord; lib'uh-ty for lib'er-ty; noth-en for north'ern; on'wad for on'ward; Feb'ua-ry for Feb'ru-a-ry. 10 Avoid giving the sound of r where it does not belong, as in lor for law; larf for laugh; dror'ing for drawing. 11 When r precedes a vowel avoid sounding r after the vowel, as in hunderd for hundred, childern for children. Apron (apurn), iron (iurn), and their derivatives are exceptions. 12 Do not sound ing like in; as meet'in for meet'ing; sing-in for singing; rob'in for robbing. 13 Do not give to the dipthong oi the sound of i, as in jist for joist, pison for poison. 14 Give the sound of th as in thin to truths, wreaths, sheaths, swaths, and youths. But baths, laths, oaths, paths, cloths, moths, mouths. (which in the singular have the sound of th in thin,) should have the sound of th in this. 15 Give the sound of th in this to th in with, beneath, underneath, booth, thither. 16 16. Ulong and ew, except when preceded by r, should have the sound of yoo; thus, unit is pronounced yoonit, ewer is pronounced yooer. Avoid giving to such words merely the sound of oo; as in toon for tune, assoom for assume, dooty for duty, noo for new, soot for suit, particoolar for particular. Exception, min'ute (sixtieth part of an hour) is pronounced min ́it. 17 Avoid corrupting the sound of the termination ure, so as to suppress the sound of y, which should be heard in it, as in creatur for creature, (creat'yoor). 18 Do not give to d the sound of j, or to t the sound of ch, in such words as creature, so as to say creachur for creat'ure, Injun for Ind′ian (ind-yan), verjur for verdure. But sol'dier is pronounced sole ́jur. 19 Avoid giving to su the sound of shoo, as in as-shoom' for as-sume' (as-syoom), shoot for suit (syoot, or seoot). Except in the following words:- censure, tonsure, sensual, fissure, scissure, pressure, compressure, impressure, sugar, sumach, sure, assure, insure, and their compounds. 20 Au, when followed by n, should generally have the sound of a in past, u being silent; thus, in daunt au should be sounded as in aunt. Avoid giving to au in such cases the sound of aw, as in hawnt for haunt, jaundice for jaundice. Paunch is pronounced panch or pawnch. 21 Do not sound t in often, soften, hasten, chasten, fasten, glisten, listen, moisten, christen, castle, and other words ending in stle. Thus, off'n, not often; cass'l, not castle. 22 Give to long e, when followed by r, its full sound, as in me; not the sound of short e, as in met, or of short u. Thus, cheerful, not cherful, nor churful; hear, not hyur. Give to e in such cases the full sound of ee (e long). 23 Avoid sounding shr like sr; thus shrink, not srink; shrill, not srill. 24 In the following words give n the sound of ng: Thus, ban'quet is pronounced bang-quet, man'go mang-go. Avoid giving the sound of n to ng in length, strength, and their compounds, making lenth, strenth, &c. 26 Avoid placing the accent on the wrong syllable. The following lists contain words that are often improperly accented. a. Words of two syllables, accented on the second: c. Words of three syllables, accented on the second : ad-ja'cent, con-tem'plate, as-pi'rant, com-pla'cent, Ix-i'on, Phil-is'tine, A-ri'on, pro-mul'gate, a-sy'lum, dis-trib'ute, il-lus'trate, pre-ce'dent, bi-tu'men, de-mon'strate, in-cul'cate, pre-ce'dence, co-quet'ry, de-co'rous, in-qui'ry, ple-be'ian, con-do'lence, dis-fran'chise, ly-ce'um, pan-the'on, Cri-me'a, ex-tir'pate, mu-se'um, so-no'rous, com-pos'ite, e-ner'vate, man-da'mus, va-ga'ry, con-trib'ute, ex-pur'gate, mis-con'strue, vo-mi'to. The noun precedent is accented on the first, (pres'e-dent); the adjective on the second, (pre-ce'dent). d. Words of three syllables, accented on the first : f. Words of four syllables, accented on the third : hy-me-ne'al, em-py-re'an, Eu-ro-pe'an, hy-dro-path'ic, con-ser-va'tor, g. Words of four syllables, accented on the second: Ag-grand'ize-ment, co-ad'ju-tant, ad-ver'tise-ment, al-lop'a-thy, in-con'gru-ous, mel-lif❜lu-ous, dis-fran'chise-ment, il-lus'tra-tive, su-per'flu-ous. 27 Avoid making an improper division of the syllables; thus, sac-rament not sa-crament; de-ci'sive, not de-cis'ive. The following list comprises the principal words in regard to which this fault is committed: a. Words in which a consonant which should close a syllable is improperly thrown forward to the beginning of the next syllable; thus des-ignate, not de-signate. em-endation, SEFE des-ignate, on-erous, det-estation, det-onation, dip-lomatic, duc-at, par-ent, proc-ess, prov-ost, syn-od, tyr-anny. b. Words in which a consonant is improperly made to close a syllable instead of being thrown forward to the next syllable, thus stra-tum, not strat-um. X followed by an accented syllable beginning with a vowel or h has generally the sound of gz; as in example, pronounced egz-ample; exhaust pronounced egzhaust. To this there are some exceptions, as taxation. In exemplary, x has the sound of gz, though in an accented syllable. 29 Speak the words distinctly. Thus, do not say ax, instead of acts; six, instead of sixth, &c. Particularly, give and its full sound. Do not run words together, so as to make two or more sound like one. Thus do not say he ni instead of he and I; pisun nuts instead of pies and nuts. 30 In the effort to speak distinctly, do not become stiff and formal, giving as great stress to an unaccented as to an accented syllable. 31 The indefinite article a should have the obscure sound of a in åt, not that of a in ale. The article the before a consonant has the obscure sound of e; before a vowel or silent h it has the long sound of e as in thee. Thus, the bird; thē arm; the wing; the egg; the small boy; the oaken bucket. |