Territory. In 1834 the section east of the Missouri and White Earth rivers absorbed by Michigan Territory. In 1854 another district became Kansas and Nebraska Territory. The balance finally disappeared into Indian Territory.

Nebraska. As a Territory, in 1861, Colorado and Dakota Territory taken from it. In 1863, a small section absorbed by Wyoming. After it became a State, a small area on the north, taken from Dakota, was added in 1882.

Nevada.

As a Territory it received in 1864 an addition from Utah. In 1866, two years after its admission as a State, a further addition made from Utah and Arizona.

New Mexico. In 1853 received the addition of the Gadsden purchase. In 1861 Colorado took the portion north of the thirty-seventh parallel. In 1863 Arizona taken, leaving its present area.

New York. Lost Vermont in 1791, and made some changes in the southeast. See Index, "Breaks and Recesses in State Lines," New York. North Dakota. See "South Dakota."

Ohio. Slightly increased on the northern boundary in 1836. See Index, "Breaks and Recesses in State Lines," Ohio.

Oklahoma. In 1892 the western half of Indian Territory and No Man's Land (q.v.) added.

Oregon. As a Territory, in 1853, reduced by Washington Territory, and the section north of parallel 46° and Columbia River. When the State was formed in 1859 the section east of Snake River and a meridian through the mouth of Owyhee River taken away.

South Dakota. As Dakota Territory, in 1863, it lost Idaho Territory. In 1882 a small area in the southeast transferred to Nebraska. In 1889 divided into the States of North and South Dakota.

Texas. In 1850 sold to the United States for $10,000,000 a section which forms part of New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, and "No Man's Land" (now Oklahoma).

Utah. As a Territory, in 1861, lost Colorado in the east and Nevada in the west, with a further surrender to Nevada in 1864 and 1866. In 1863 the Territory of Idaho took a section from the northeast, followed by an increase in 1868 to be added to Wyoming.

Virginia. In 1792 lost Kentucky, and in 1863 West Virginia. In 1866 two northern counties were taken and added to West Virginia.

Washington. As a Territory increased in 1859 by Oregon Territory, lying east of the present Washington State limits. In 1863 this added section transferred to Idaho Territory.

West Virginia. See " Virginia."

Wisconsin. As a Territory reduced in 1838 by Iowa Territory, and in 1846 by a further reduction in the northwest, which three years later became a part of Minnesota.

Except in slight boundary line changes, or as in the case of Maryland, the District of Columbia (q.v.) incursion, and Pennsylvania (Erie County) (see "Breaks and Recesses in State Lines"), there has been no change in the following of the original thirteen States: Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, North Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and South Carolina.

The following States have not been changed in area as States or Territories since they were so organized: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Montana, Tennessee, Wyoming.

COLONIAL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT.

All colonies at their organization received forms of constitutional government, their rights being specified in charters which stated the same privileges as if residents of England. Their governments were composed of a governor, a council, and a general assembly, the forms differing according to the circumstances of their settlement.

Provincial or Royal Rule. The King appointed the governor, deputy-governor, and council for the province, the governor possessing broad powers, having charge of the courts and military, also convened the assembly or lower house of the legislature; his council constituting the upper house. The assembly was elected by the people.

The Provincial or Royal Colonies were Virginia, New Hampshire, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, New Jersey, and Georgia.

Proprietary Rule. Similar to the provincial, except the person or proprietor to whom the colony had been granted, exercised the powers which the King himself exercised in provincial governments; the assembly elected by the people.

The Proprietary Colonies were Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

Charter Rule. To these the King granted charters which gave them substantially the right of local self-government, the governor, council, and assembly being chosen by the people.

The Charter Colonies were Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

It was signed on board the "Mayflower" in Cape Cod (Provincetown) Harbor, prior to landing, by the following forty-one subscribers, each one noting the number in his family, a total of one hundred and one persons:

John Carver, William Bradford, Edward Winslow, William Brewster, Isaac Allerton, Miles Standish, John Alden, Samuel Fuller, Christopher Martin, William Mullins, William White, Richard Warren, John Howland, Stephen Hopkins, Edward Tilley, John Tilley, Francis Cook, Thomas Rogers, Thomas Tinker, John Ridgedale, Edward Fuller, John Turner, Francis Eaton, James Chilton, John Crackstone, John Billington, Moses Fletcher, John Goodman, Degory Priest, Thomas Williams, Gilbert Winslow, Edward Margeson, Peter Brown, Richard Britteridge, George Soule, Richard Clarke, Richard Gardiner, John Allerton, Thomas English, Edward Doty, Edward Leister.

The above was the first instrument of civil government ever subscribed as the act of the whole people.

E

1643-1683. New England Confederation.

To bring the colonies in close relationship, securing by union better protection against the inroad made by the Indians, and other general welfare.

1754. Convention at Albany, New York.

A plan of Union presented by Benjamin Franklin, to provide for a confederation with an executive head. The plan rejected, as each colony desired to preserve its individuality..

1765. Convention at New York City.

An assertion of exclusive right to levy their own taxes.

This was the First Colonial Congress, nine colonies being represented. (See Index.)

1774. Convention at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

This was the First Continental Congress (see Index). It decided upon September 22. A non-importation and non-exportation agreement. October 14. A Declaration of Rights (see Index).

October 20. A memorial to the inhabitants of British America. October 21. An address to the people of Great Britain. October 26. A loyal address to the King.

1776. Congress of the Colonies at Philadelphia.

The Crown, being the Sovereign, claiming the supreme right to legislate on all subjects, asserting it in levying internal taxes, contrary to custom, for reasons as noted in the "Declaration of Rights" (q.v.), there was but one action left the colonies, to be independent of the Crown; and that was the adoption of the "Declaration of Independence" (q.v.).

1777. Congress of the Confederation of States.

The Declaration of Independence having been proclaimed, the plan of confederation and perpetual union between the States promulgated (q.v.). The union to be a league of friendship between sovereign States. A Congress in which the States should have equal voice, to whom was delegated most of the rights of sovereignty to manage the Union. It was without power to execute, having only advisory authority, the States being privileged to ignore suggestions.

1786. Convention at Annapolis, Maryland.

The Revolution having financially prostrated the country, some active measures being necessary in the matters of uniformity of duties, com