Bear patiently with my new terms. I use them only by compulsion. I am chiefly anxious that my opinion may be clearly understood; and that my errors (if they are such) may plainly appear without any obscurity or ambiguity of expression: by which means even my errors may be useful.

We had formerly in English only the simple verb adjective: and the past tense adjective. In addition to these two, we have now the convenience of four others. Which I must call

The potential mood active, adjective; The potential mood passive, adjective; The official mood passive, adjective; And The future tense active, adjective. Still have patience with me; and, I trust, I shall finally make myself clearly understood.

And first for our simple verb adjective. It was formerly known in our language by the termination -and. It is now known by the termination -ing.

As the noun adjective always signifies ALL that the unadjectived noun signifies, and no more (except the circumstance of adjection:) so must the verb adjective signify ALL that the unadjectived verb significs, and no more (except the circumstance of adjection.) But it has been usual to suppose that with the indicative mood (as it is called) is conjoined also the signification of the present time, and therefore to call it the indicative mood, present tense. And if it were so, then indeed the word we are now considering, besides the signification of the verb, must likewise adsignify some manner and the present time: for it would then be the present tense

adjective, as well as the indicative mood adjective. But I deny it to be either. I deny that the present time (or any time) or any manner, is sig. fied by that which is called (improperly) the indicative mood present tense. And therefore its proper name is merely the verb......indicative, if you plea e: i. e. indicative merely of being a verb.

And in this opinion (viz. that there is no adsignification of manner or time in that which is called the indicative mood: and no adsignification of time in that which is called the present participle) I am neither new nor singular: for Sanctius both asserted and proved it by numerous instances in the Latin. Such as,

"Et abfui proficiscens in Græciam." Cic.

"Sed postquam amans accessit pretium pollicens." Terent. "Ultro ad eam venies indicans te amare." Terent.

"Tum ayri inter se dimicant indurantes attritu arborum costas.”

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"Truth is always one and the same from the beginning of the world to the end of it.”

Neither time nor manner is signified by the indicative in these sentences.

Again,...........“ The rising sun always gladdens the

"earth."

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"Do justice, justice being at all times, mercy." My argument is of no age nor country, truth being always the same, from the beginning of "the world to the end of it."

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and being (though called present particiis evidently here no adsignification of time. r saw plainly the same. He says..... non fuit necessarius: unus enim tantum for ob veritatem, indicativus. Cæteri autem moditatem potius."

ven Perizonius and others who maintain a opinion, are compelled to acknowledge, Indicativus adhibetur ad indicandam simr rem ipsam."

>rum autem participiorum magis promiscuus ando est usus; tum quia nomina sunt, et adhibentur sine ullo temporis respectu aut natione; quando scil. ejus distinctio non iritur."

Iæc ipsa autem res, h. e. adsignificatio temis, ne quis præcipuam putet, sæpissime eritur neglecta, immo plane extincta."

Animadvertendum est, uno in commate sæpe versa notari tempora, atque adeo præsens verè iricipium posse accedere omnibus omnino peodis, in quibus etiam de præterita et futura re gitur. QUIA"....(Having by compulsion adtted the fact, now come the shallow and uffling pretences) "QUIA in præterita illa re, quum gesta est, præsens fuit: et in futura, item præsens erit."

“Recurrendum denique ad illud etiam,....præsens haberi pro extremo præteriti temporis puncto, "et primo futuri."

"Advenientes dicuntur, non illi tantum qui in "itinere sunt, sed et qui jam pervenerunt in locum

adjective, as well as the indicative mood adjective. But I deny it to be either. I deny that the present time (or any time) or any manner, is sig. fied by that which is called (improperly) the indicative mood present tense. And therefore its proper name is merely the verb......indicative, if you plea. e: i. e. indicative merely of being a verb.

And in this opinion (viz. that there is no adsignification of manner or time in that which is called the indicative mood: and no adsignification of time in that which is called the present participle) I am neither new nor singular: for Sanctius both asserted and proved it by numerous instances in the Latin. Such as,

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"Et abfui proficiscens in Græciam.”

Cic.

"Sed postquam amans accessit pretium pollicens." Terent. "Ultro ad eam venies indicans te amare." Terent.

"Tum ayri inter se dimicant indurantes attritu arborum costas."

"Turnum fugientem hæc terra videbit." Virg.

In the same manner we say,

"The sun rises every day in the year."

"Justice is at all times mercy."

Plin.

"Truth is always one and the same from the beginning of the world to the end of it."

Neither time nor manner is signified by the indicative in these sentences.

Again,..........." The rising sun always gladdens the "earth."

"Do justice, justice being at all times, mercy.' "My argument is of no age nor country, truth "being always the same, from the beginning of the world to the end of it."

In rising and being (though called present participles) there is evidently here no adsignification of time. Seliger saw plainly the same. He says.....

"Modus non fuit necessarius: unus enim tantum

exigitur ob veritatem, indicativus. Cæteri autem "ob commoditatem potius."

And even Perizonius and others who maintain a contrary opinion, are compelled to acknowledge, that...." Indicativus adhibetur ad indicandam simpliciter rem ipsam."

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"Horum autem participiorum magis promiscuus aliquando est usus; tum quia nomina sunt, et sæpe adhibentur sine ullo temporis respectu aut designatione; quando scil. ejus distinctio non requiritur."

"Hæc ipsa autem res, h. e. adsignificatio temporis, ne quis præcipuam putet, sæpissime "reperitur neglecta, immo plane extincta."

"Animadvertendum est, uno in commate sæpe "diversa notari tempora, atque adeo præsens verè paricipium posse accedere omnibus omnino periodis, in quibus etiam de præterita et futura re agitur. QUIA"....(Having by compulsion admitted the fact, now come the shallow and shuffling pretences) QUIA in præterita illa re, "quum gesta est, præsens fuit: et in futura, item præsens erit."

"Recurrendum denique ad illud etiam,....præ"sens haberi pro extremo præteriti temporis puncto, "et primo futuri."

"Advenientes dicuntur, non illi tantum qui in “itinere sunt, sed et qui jam pervenerunt in locum