Both acting together neutralize the result; the arytenoidei are pulled down and out, off the cricoid cartilage. This is the condition of the vocal cords in quiet breathing. The larynx viewed from its pharyngeal opening. The back wall of the pharynx has been divided and its edges (11) turned back. 1. Body of hyoid; 2. Its small, and 3. Its great horns; 4. Upper and lower horns of thyroid cartilage; 5. Mucous membrane of front of pharynx, covering the back of the cricoid cartilage; 6. Upper end of gullet; 7. Windpipe, lying in front of the gullet; 8. Eminence caused by cartilage of Santorini, 9. Eminence caused by cartilage of Wrisberg, both lie in 10. The arytenoepiglottidean fold of mucous membrane, surrounding the opening (aditus laryngis) from pharynx to larynx. a. Projecting tip of epiglottis; c. The glottis, the lines leading from the letter point to the free vibrating edges of the vocal cords. b'. The ventricles of the larynx; their upper edges, marking them off from the eminences b, are the false vocal cords. A, image of the larynx in vocalization; B, image of the larynx in respiration; 3, 3, thyroid cartilage; 4, epiglottis; 5, 5, vocal cords; 7, 7, ventricular bands. During speech the movement of the larynx as a whole is frequently made up and down, varying the length of the vocal column, somewhat on the principle of the trombone. SECTION OF THE MOUTH AND THROAT. T, the tongue; V, vocal passage; H, hard palate; S, soft palate; A, air passage; B, uvula; E, epiglottis; O, Oesophagus; N, trachea; C, vocal cord; L, larynx. The larynx is attached to the hyoid (tongue) bone and, of course, is moved somewhat by the action of the tongue. It is also moved up and down by the extrinsic muscles of the larynx. It is lowest in position in "oo" and highest in "ee"; it goes down during inspiration, and also as the pitch of the voice goes down in the scale. It rises during expiration and in high pitch. |