able in Manila are being sent. It is a popular fad to be photographed in uniform, with a rifle in a threatening position. Many of the men have grown military mustaches and goatees, and look like dashing soldiers, but they shave off the whiskers after being photographed.

In taking possession of the islands in Pacific and Asiatic waters the United States has acquired some new national airs and songs to add to its limited repertory. The Hawaiians have had a national hymn of their own, and in addition thereto must be counted the large number of native songs which are indigenous to the islands. The Filipinos have a national march, which was written by Antonio Comillas, and is the tune which the insurgents have used to inspire them in their battles against the Spanish rulers. The melody is as simple as that of "Yankee Doodle," but it has plenty of animation and swing, and the change of key in the refrain gives it variety. Probably it has served the Filipinos' purposes well enough, and if the islands are to be annexed will make another patriotic anthem for the United States.

The new march does not appear to have any racial character, but no one tune could even suggest all the various kinds of music which the Philippine peoples must possess. The specimens of native Asiatic music which were displayed at the World's Fair were not of a kind to tempt civilized composers as the raw material out of which to make national hymns. The "Philippine National March" is the tune only of the insurgents and of those of the Filipinos who have come under the influence of Spanish civilization far enough to have adopted the European system of notation. If the dominant and intelligent element in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao continues to grow and acquires control of the archipelago, however, the march may have to be accepted as the representative tune for all the islanders.

Some of the American soldiers at Manila, however, have not been content to pass their time listening to the music of other people. A "Souvenir Song Book," published in Manila, contains twenty-five original songs and poems written by members of the Eighth army corps. The authors are men of the regular and volunteer regiments of all branches of the service. The songs are strongly suggestive of the tedium of the soldier's life in far-away camps and of the straits to

SONGS OF THE
AMERICAN
SOLDIERS.

which he is reduced for amusement. It may be noted, also, as a unique characteristic of the American army that its men should have either the inclination or the ability to amuse themselves in just this way. The verses are often rough and imperfect, but they indicate a liberal acquaintance with the kind of verse which passes current in popular songs and no little knack of imitation. The compilation begins with a song by Charles C. Webster of the Astor battery, who has written new words to the popular college air of the "Prodigal Son." Here are some of the stanzas in which he describes the achievement of "Dewey, the King of the Sea":

The popularity of "A Hot Time in the Old Town To-Night" is attested by Burt D. Carrier of the Thirteenth Minnesota volunteers, who writes:

"Come along, get you ready, for we're going to the war,
But it's nothing new to Minnesota, for she's been there before.
We're going to lick the Spaniards, who are anxious for a fight,
But for some unknown reason they keep quite out of sight.

CHORUS.

"Please, oh please, Mr. Spaniard, do not run,

For now that we are started we are bound to have some fun,
And when we reach the Philippines we'll put you on the bum,
There'll be a hot time in Manila that night."

Sentiment and Parodies.

That the American Tommy Atkins has a sweetheart at home there are several songs to show. George W. Moulton of the First

South Dakota writes:

"I am lying in my tent, sweet Marie,

And my soul with rage is pent up in G,
For I know almighty well

You have caught another fel,

And your thoughts no longer dwell, love, with me.

"When we kissed a last good-by tearfully,
You but worked a girlish guy off on me.
Oh, you sweet, bewitching jade,

What a clever game you've played,

For your tears were ready made, sweet Marie.

"When I donned the soldier blue, sweet Marie,
Like a picnic woodtick you stuck to me,

And the smile you used to wear

Was as full of gleaming glare

As a sunbeam on a tear, sweet Marie.

"How your cunning head you'd lay, lovingly

On my bosom, while you'd say things to me.
There you'd rest in loving pose,

Right beneath my very nose,

Swiping buttons off my clothes, sweet Marie."

Some of the verses are frankly sentimental in a bluff, boyish way, like the poem by William II. Doyle of the First Montana regiment, who writes eloquently of "A Girl with Dark-Red Hair" who was left behind.

Others are merely versified "roasts" of the conditions inflicted upon a soldier by camp life. A member of the Utah battery dedicates a poem to "The Petrified Hardtack":

"There was hardtack from wars of the past generation,

Which remained unconsumed till this late Spanish war.
'Tis rumored that some, which defied mastication,
Were marked 'civil war,' or the stamp 'B. C.' bore.
What a triumph this is for the skill of the baker.
Indestructible product, defying time's tooth,

But it could not resist the assaults of our grinders-
The grinders we had in the days of our youth.

CHORUS.

"There was 1812 hardtack,

And '62 hardtack,

The old army hardtack we ate in our youth."

A few of the verses are concerned with descriptions of the soldier's heroic achievements, but as a general thing the army poets refuse to take themselves or their deeds seriously.

CHAPTER VIII.

A RAPID GLANCE AT THE ARCHIPELAGO.

Means of Travel in the Philippines-Primitive Methods of Communication-Native Sail Boats, Water Buffaloes and Coolies-Number and Size of Islands in the Archipelago-How the Seasons Are Divided-The Dreaded Typhoon-The Climate of Manila-How to Retain Health in the Philippines-Fever, Malaria and Other Diseases-Earthquakes and Volcanoes-Mountains and Lakes of the Archipelago-The Rivers and the Forests-Vegetables, Fruits and MineralsIndustries of the Natives.

M

OST travelers who have visited the Philippines and most authors who have written about them, have confined themselves in their own journeys and for their sources of information to parts of the islands that are quite as accessible as any Oriental city. Usually the traveler's limit has been a visit to Manila and a few trips into the interior of Luzon. If the tourist extends his journey to Iloilo and Cebu, with a few excursions into the country in the neighborhood of these cities, he departs with complacent satisfaction and the feeling that he has pretty well exhausted the sights of the archipelago. This, however, is far from the truth.

There are more than eighty distinct tribes of the natives who form、 the bulk of the eight million inhabitants of the island. They are scattered over hundreds of islands, large and small, and wide travel is necessary if one wishes really to know something of the country and its people. It is true in the Philippines, as in every other country, that the traveler who confines his observations to the cities and towns will fail to gain intimate information and knowledge of the essential characteristics of the whole people. In the Philippines, more than most other places, it is necessary to turn one's back upon the cities and towns and turning from the beaten path, push into the almost unexplored regions where the wild tribes are to be found. In the study of these primitive peoples and in the wonders of the tropical forests one