sir Hugh Pollard, three of those who stand charged in parliament for being prvy to the design of bringing up the army; and, amongst others, the lord Digby, a person accused in parliament of high treason; who, when he began to be questioned, fled out of the kingdom; and advised his majesty, by letters, to that course which he hath since pursued, of withdrawing himself from his parliament to a place of strength: and that then he intended to come to him, and in the mean time would de him service abroad.-Divers other large pre

beyond the seas, and shortly expected; besides great numbers of gentlemen, horses, and arms drawing from all parts of the kingdom and all the gentlemen in Yorkshire required to bring in their horses for his majesty service; sundry commissions are granted

are already appointed. Upon Monday mor ing the 4th of July, his maj. came to Bever ley with an army of a considerable number horse and foot, some regiments of the Traines Bands being likewise commanded to be raised Amongst the soldiers in this army there re divers Papists, and other persons of despert fortune and condition, ready to execute violence, rapine, and oppression.-Some troops of hose are sent into Lincolnshire, to the great terror the well-affected people; who are therely forced either to forsake their dwellings or keep them with armed men: they begin t ready to take away men's horses by force, and commit other acts of hostility; and have civilly used the gentlemen sent from the par ment with a Letter to his majesty. Provisiona are restrained from coming to Hull, and a

more mischievous effect of wicked counsel, or dangerous preparatives to future confusions, than the bereaving the state of the service of so noble and virtuous a person as he is.-The consideration whereof enforceth both houses to declare, That they cannot think the kingdom in safety, nor themselves to have discharged the trust that lies upon them, till they have done their uttermost, by all fit ways, to procure that office to be restored; whereby the command of the ships, which are the walls of the kingdom, may again be settled in the charge of that noble lord. In the midst of these un-parations of warlike provisions are made just and destructive courses, to blind the eyes of the multitude, and disguise their malicious and cruel intentions under the semblance of peace and justice, they have drawn his maj. to make divers solemn Protestations, with fearful imprecations upon himself, and invocations of God's holy name, That he intendeth no-raising horses, and divers officers of the army thing but the welfare of his people; the maintenance of Religion and the Laws of the kingdom; and, for his own security, only to raise a Guard for his person: and that he did, from his soul, abhor the thought of making war against the parliament, or to put the kingdom into a combustion: But having, under this colour, kept about him divers soldiers and officers and gathered some strength, the intentions do now appear with a more open face, by these his majesty's ensuing actions and proceedings; which the lords and commons have thought good to publish, that all the subjects of the Kingdom may understand what dangers and miseries are coming upon them, if not timely prevented. A Garrison of soldiers is, by his majesty's order put into Newcastle, under the command of the earl of Newcastle; who should have formely scized upon Hull, if, by the wis-majesty is shortly expected to come thither dom of the parliament, he had not been prevented. The Papists in Cheshire have lately in a very peremptory manner, and in his majesty's name, demanded their arms, taken from them by direction of both houses of parliament, to be again restored to them.-The carl Rivers, late-assured, they intend to leave the town in is ly a notorious professed Papist, and still suspect to be a Papist, although he now comes to church as many other dangerous Papists do, on purpose, as is conceived, to make themselves capable of employment, is put into the Commission of Array, being against law and the liberty of the subject; which he hath exccuted with rigour, and hath committed divers persons to prison for refusing to submit thereunto, contrary to law and the Petition of Right.-The mouth of the river Tyne is fortified, whereby the whole trade of Newcastle for coal, or other wise, will be subject to be interrupted whensoever his maj. shall please; and the city of London, and many other parts of the kingdom, exceedingly burdened and distressed. Å ship Laden with cannon for battery, and other lesser ordnance, powder, and ammunition is eome into the river Humber, which also hath brought divers commanders from foreign parts; and in this ship, we are credibly informed, were Mr. Henry Wilmot, sir John Berkley, and

with his army; nowithstanding the place is
the custody of the parliament, as hath bee
often declared to his majesty by both houses
and kept by them for his service and the peac
of the kingdom, whereof as soon as they

state it was.-The War being thus began in
his majesty, the lords and commons in pa
ment hold themselves bound in conscience &
raise forces for the preservation of the peace
the kingdom, and protection of the subject 2
their persons and estates according to
the defence and security of parliament, and w
all those who have been employed by them
any public service for these ends; and, through
God's blessing, to disappoint the designs and
expectations of those who have drawn his
to these courses and counsels, in favour of s
Papists at home, the rebels in Ireland, aud
the foreign enemies of our religion and peace.
In the opposing of all which they desire the co
currence of the well-disposed subjects of the
kingdom; and shall manifest, by their couse
and endeavours, that they are carried by no
spects but of the public good, which they will
ways prefer before their own lives and fortunes
and shall ever be most earnest, in their counse
and endeavours, to prevent a Civil War, and

army, hath been very rare, before this time, in | this assembly; and it seems to me to set us at the pit's brink, ready to plunge ourselves into an ocean of troubles and miseries; and, if that could be, into more than a Civil War brings with it. Give me leave, sir, to consider this unhappy subject, in the beginning, progress, and issue of it. Cæsar tells us, and he knew as much of Civil War as any man before him, that it cannot be begun sine malis artibus. Surely, sir, our enemies of the Popish church have left no evil arts unessayed to bring us to our present posture, and will yet leave none unattempted to make our breaches wider; well knowing that nothing will more advance their empire than our divisions. Our misery, whom they account heretics, is their joy, our distractions will be their glory, and all evil arts and ways to bring calamities upon us, they will esteem meritorious. But, sir, I look upon another beginning of our Civil War. God blessed us with a long and flourishing peace, and we turned his grace into wantonness, and peace would not satisfy us without luxury, nor our plenty without debauchery; instead of sobriety and thankfulness for our mercies, we provoked the Giver of them by our sins and wickedness, to punish us, as we may fear, by a Civil War, to make us executioners of Divine vengeance upon ourselves. It is strange to note how we have insensibly slid into this beginning of a Civil War, by one unexpected accident after another, as waves of the sea, which hath brought us thus far, and we scarce know how; but, from paper combats, by Declarations,. Remonstrances, Protestations, Votes, Messages, Answers, and Replies, we are now come to the question of raising Forces, and naming a General and Officers of an Army. But what, sir, may be the progress hereof, the poet tells you :

War, is the rage of fire and sword; and, which is worse, of brutish men.-What the issue of it will be, no man alive can tell: probably few of us now here may live to see the end of it. It hath been said, That he that draws his sword against his prince, must throw away the scabbard. Those differences are scarce to be reconciled. These commotions are like the deep seas, which being once stirred, are not soon appeased.-I wish the observation of the duke de Rohan, in his Interest of Christen domn,' may prove a caution, not a prophecy; he saith of England, 'That it is a great creature, which cannot be destroyed but by its own hand:' and there is not a more likely hand than that of Civil War to do it. The issue of all war is like a cast at dice, none can tell upon what square the Alea Belli will light; the best issue that can be expected of a cinl war, is, ubi victor flet, & victus perit.' Which of these will be our portion is uncertain, and the choice should be avoided.-Yet, sir, when I have said this, I am not for a tame resigna tion of our Religion, Lives, and Liberties into the hands of our adversaries, who seek to devour us; nor do I think it inconsistent with your great wisdom, to prepare for a just and necessary defence of them. It was truly observed by a noble gentleman, That, if our ene mies find us provided to resist their attempts upon us, it will be the likeliest way to bring them to an accord with us: and, upon this ground, I am for the question. But I humbly move you to consider, Whether it be not yet too soon to come to it? We have tried by proposals of peace to his majesty, and they have been rejected let us try yet again, and appoint a committee who may review our former Prepositions. And where they find the matter them (as our affairs now are) fit to be altered, that they present the alterations to the house. and their opinions; and that, as far as may stand with the security of us and our cause, we In sua victrici conversum viscera dextra: may yield our endeavours to prevent the miseWe must surrender up our laws, liberties,|ries which look black upon us, and to settle a properties, and lives, into the hands of insolent mercenaries, whose rage and violence will command us and all we have. Reason, honour, and justice will leave our land; the ignoble will rule the noble; baseness will be preferred before virtue, and profaneness before piety. Of a potent people we shall make ourselves weak, and be the instruments of our own ruin; Perditio tua ex te' will be said to us: we shall burn our own houses, lay waste our own fields, pillage our own goods, open our own veins, and eat our own bowels. You will hear other sounds besides those of drums and trumpets; the clattering of armour, the roaring of guns, the groans of wounded and dying men, the shrieks of deflowered women, the cries of widows and orphans; and all on your account, which makes it the more to be lamented.--Pardon, * From the original edition printed at Lon sir, the warmth of my expression on this argu-don, July 17, 1642, for R. Thrale. This ment; it is to prevent a flame which I see Speech was so agreeable to the king, that it kindled in the midst of us, that may consume was reprinted at York, by Stephen Bulkley, us to ashes. The sum of the progress of Civil and published there the week following.

Jusq; datum sceleri canimus, populumq; potentem

good accommodation; so that there may be ne strife between us and those of the other party 'for we are brethren,'

Sir Benj. Rudyard, on the same occasion,* spoke thus: Mr. Speaker; In the way we are, we have gone as far as words can carry us: we have voted our own rights and the king's duty. No doubt there is a relative duty between king and subjects, obedience from subject to a king, protection from a king to his people. The present unhappy distance be tween his maj. and the parliament, makes the whole kingdom stand amazed, in a fearful expectation of dismal calamities to fall upon It deeply and conscionably concerns this house, to compose and settle these threatening rain

success, God knows when, and God knows what. Every man here is bound, in conscience, to employ his utmost endeavours to prevent the effusion of blood: blood is a crying sin, it pollutes a land; let us save our liberties and our estates, but so as we may save our souls too. Now I have clearly delivered my own conscience, I leave every man freely to his.'

The Lord Mayor's Answer to his 2nd Impeachment.] This day the Lord Mayor was brought to the bar as a delinquent, the commons being present; where, kneeling till he was bid to rise, the Speaker asked him, if he had brought his Answer to the commons additional Impeachment against him; which he delivered in, and it was read in hæc verba : The Humble ANSWER of Sir RICHARD GurNEY, Knt. and Bart. Lord Mayor of the City of London, to a Second Impeachment exhibited against him to the right hon. the Lords in Parliament, by the hon. the house of Commons.

ing distractions.—Mr. Speaker, I am touched, (tain misery, and must attend an uncertain I am pierced, with an apprehension of the honour of the house, and success of this parliament. The best way to give a stop to these desperate imminent mischiefs, is to make a fair way for the king's return hither; it will likewise give best satisfaction to the people, and will be our best justification.-Mr. Speaker, that we may the better consider the condition we are now in, let us set ourselves 3 years back. If any man then could have credibly told us, that, within 3 years, the queen shall be gone out of England into the Low Countries, for any cause whatsoever; the king shall remove from his parliament, from London to York, declaring himself not to be safe here; that there shall be a total Rebellion in Ireland; such discords and distempers both in church and state here, as now we find! Certainly we should have trembled at the thought of it; wherefore it is fit we should be sensible now we are in it. On the other side; if any man then could have credibly told us, that, within 3 years, ye shall have a Parliament, it would have been good news; that Ship-Money shall "The defendant, saving to himself all benebe taken away by an act of parliament, the fit of exception to the said Impeachment, as to reasons and grounds of it so rooted out, as that all and every the wicked and malicious advisneither it, nor any thing like it, can ever growing, countenancing, persuasions, solicitations, up again; that Monopolies, the High Commission-Court, the Star-Chamber, the Bishops Votes, shall be taken away; the Council-Table regulated and restrained; the Forests bounded and limited; that ye shall have a Triennial Parliament; nay more than that, a perpetual Parliament, which none shall have power to dissolve without yourselves, we should have thought this a dream of happiness! Yet, now we are in the real possession of it, we do not enjoy it, although his maj. hath promised and published he will make all this good to us. We stand chiefly upon further security; where- The Earl of Holland's Account of his preas the very having of these things is a conve-senting the Parliament's Petition to the King, nient fair security, mutually securing one ano- for Peace.] July 20. A Letter to the Speaker ther. There is more security offered, even in of the house of lords, from the earl of Holland, this last Answer of the king's, by removing the one of their Committee sent down into the personal votes of Popish Lords, by the better North, to deliver their last Petition to the king, education of Papists children, and by supply- was read as follows: ing the defects of the laws against Recusants; My lord; Our admittance to his maj. was besides what else may be enlarged and im- very quick, for that very night we arrived here, proved by a select committee of both houses after his supper, though he came home late named for that purpose. Wherefore, sir, let from Lincoln, he commanded us to attend us beware we do not contend for such a ha- him; where we found him accompanied by zardous unsafe security, as may endanger the many officers, but few lords; for most of them loss of what we have already. Let us not were absent, they say here, to put in execution think we have nothing, because we have not the Commission of Array, in those shires whithall we desire; and though we had, yet we can- er the king's Commission had directed them. not make a mathematical security; all human-After we had read your Petition, his majesCaution is susceptible of corruption and failing; God's Providence will not be bound, success must be his: he that observes the wind and rain, shall neither sow nor reap; if he do nothing till he can secure the weather, he will have but an ill harvest.-Mr. Speaker, it now behoves us to call up all the wisdom we have about us, for we are at the very brink of combustion and confusion: if blood begins once to touch blood, we shall presently fall into a cer

and practices mentioned; and as to the illegal Imprisonment of John Carter, Wm. Gouch, aud Rd. Arnold, or any other Apprentices within the city of London; as also to the charge of Breach of his Oath, and neglect of the duty of his place; and to all and every, or any other offences, practices, contempts, and misdemeanors, by the said Impeachment laid to this defendant, he saith, That he is not of them, or any of them, guilty in such manner and form as the same are in and by the said Impeachment charged."

ty told us, It was a business of great importance, and required time to advise of his Answer; yet then he remarked, with some sharpness, on some parts of the Petition, which I shall give my lords an account of in person.I believe we may be dispatched to-day, or, at furthest, to-morrow; for his maj. goes to Nottingham and Leicester, to call those counties together, and to assure them to him; as, he believes, he has already done those where his

presence hath been. His forces appear not to be so great as they are; for it is said here, and I believe with some truth, that he may, when he pleases, call a very considerable num-, ber together, that are ready, upon the least command, to move towards him: but this is declined on two respects; the one, until he hath received a direct Answer concerning Hull; the other, to ease his charge for the present. There are several troops of horse that have been raised by noblemen and gentlemen, which are quartered in this county.-These generals are only proper to be delivered unto you at this present; when I attend you, which shall be with all the diligence I may, my lords shall have a very particular account of the knowledge and duty of Your, &c. HOLLAND. Beverley, July 18, 1642."

The Parliament's Petition to the King, for Peace.] The Parliament's Petition to the King for Peace, was as follows:

To the King's Most Excellent Majesty; The Humble PETITION of the LORDS and COMMONS assembled in Parliament. "May it please your majesty; Although we, your majesty's most humble and faithful subjects, the lords and commons in parliament assembled, have been very unhappy in many former Petitions and Supplications to your majesty; wherein we have represented our most dutiful affections in advising and desiring those things which we held most necessary for the preservation of God's true religion, your majesty's safety and honour, and the peace of the kingdom; and, with much sorrow, do perceive, that your majesty, incensed by many false calumnies and slanders, doth continue to raise forces against us and your other loyal and peaceable subjects; to make great preparations for war, both in this kingdom and also from beyond the seas; by arms and violence, to over-rule the judgment and advice of your Great Council; and, by force, to deterinine the questions there depending, concerning the government and liberty of the kingdom; yet such is our earnest desire of discharging our duty to your maj. and the kingdom, to preserve the peace thereof, and to prevent the miseries of Civil War amongst your subjects, that (notwithstanding we hold ourselves bound to use all the means and power, which, by the Jaws and constitutions of this kingdom, we are trusted with, for the defence and protection thereof, and of the subjects, from force and violence) we do, in this our humble and loyal Petition, prostrate ourselves at your majesty's feet; beseeching your majesty that you will be pleased to forbear and remove all preparations and actions of war, particularly the Forces from about Hull, from Newcastle, Tinmouth, Lincoln, and Lincolnshire, and all other places; and that your maj. will recall the Commissions of Array, which are illegal; dismiss the troops and extraordinary Guards, by you raised; that you maj. will come nearer to your parliament, and hearken to their faithful advice and hum

ble Petitions, which shall only tend to the defence and advancement of religion, your own royal honour and safety, the preservation of our laws and liberties: and we have been, and shall ever be, careful to prevent and punish all tumults and seditious actions, speeches, and writings, which may give your maj, just cause of distaste or apprehension of danger; from which public aims and resolutions no sinister or private respect shall ever make us to decline; that your maj. will leave delinquents to the due course of justice; and that nothing done or spoken in parliament, or by any person in pursuance of the command and direc tion of both houses be questioned any where but in parliament.-And we, for our parts, shall be ready to lay down all those preparations which we have been forced to make for our defence. And for the town of Hull, and the Ordinance concerning the Militia; as we have, in both these particulars, only sought the the defence of the parliament from force and preservation of the peace of the kingdom, and violence; so we shall most willingly leave the town of Hull in the state it was before sir J. Hotham drew any forces into it, delivering your maj.'s Magazine into the Tower of London, and supplying whatsoever bath been disposed of by us for the service of the kingdom. We shall be ready to settle the Militia by a Bill, in such a way as shall be honourable and safe for your majesty, most agreeable to the duty of parliament, and effectual for the good of the kingdom; that the strength thereof be not employed against itself, and that which ought to be for our security applied to our destruction: and that the parliament, and those who profess and desire still to preserve the Protestant religion, both in this realm and in Ireland, may not be left naked and inde fensibic to the mischievous designs and cruel attempts of those who are the professed and confederated enemies thereof, in your majes ty's dominions and other neighbouring na tions: to which if your majesty's courses and counsels shall, from henceforth, concur, we doubt not but we shall quickly make it ap pear to the world, by the most eminent effects of love and duty, that your majesty's personal safety, your royal honour and greatness, are much dearer to us than our own lives and fortunes; which we do most heartily dedi cate, and shall most willingly employ for the support and maintenance thereof."

The King's Answer.] As soon as this Petition was read by the earl of Holland, the king told the Committee, "The reproaches cast upon him by it, were not answerable to the expres sions his lordship had made; and that he was sorry that they thought the exposing him and his honour to so much scandal, was the way to procure or preserve the peace of the kingdom; that they should speedily receive his Answer; by which the world would easily discern who desired peace most." And, accordingly, the second day, his majesty delivered them, in public, his Answer to their Petition; which