make such arrangements as he deemed fit as to the manner and circumstances of the interment, providing only that the sum of five hundred pounds was not exceeded. They were also not to be permitted "to "attend the corpse out of town, since it was resolved it "should be privately carried to Windsor without pomp "or noise." The body was accordingly conveyed to Windsor, and placed in the room that had been the King's bedchamber. The next day the coffin was borne on the shoulders of the Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford, and the Earls of Southampton and Lindsay. The Bishop of London had accompanied them to perform the service; but when the Lords desired he might be buried according to the form of the Common Book of Prayer, the Governor of the Castle (Colonel Whitchcot) positively refused his consent, and remained deaf to all persuasions and entreaties.

The church had been so much changed and the inscriptions so altered and defaced that it was difficult to find the place where the royal family were usually interred. At length a vault was pointed out in which Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour were buried, “and "there the King's body was laid, without any words or "other ceremonies but the sighs and tears of the few "beholders." There were no wands of office to be broken over his coffin, no pompous ceremonial to do honour to his state, but he received the homage of a few who mourned in spirit, and tears of manly affection and sorrow watered his grave that better but more prosperous Sovereigns have failed to obtain. The loyal

1

Hist. of the Rebellion, vol. vi. p. 243.

principles of these faithful few would have taught them to respect the dignity of the Crown, but it was the misfortunes of Charles that had endeared him to their feelings and enshrined him in their hearts. The black velvet pall that had covered the coffin was thrown over it, the earth was filled in, and thus closed the sad scene, leaving the mourners with the dreary sense that with him were likewise buried all hopes of present service to their King or country.

The baseness of Courts, the flattery of dependents, and the intrigues of courtiers have been the favourite objects for invective at all times and by various writers. Satire would be pointless unless sharpened by truth, and doubtless, therefore, such invectives are too often well deserved; but as every virtue has its shadow, so has every vice some gleam of light to relieve, perhaps to show, its darkness; and to those who sicken at the thought of fawning adulation, and turn with disgust from the hollow intrigues and false professions of interested courtiers, it is a relief to repose on that brighter view of human nature, where it may be seen that favours have been remembered with gratitude, that attachment has been strengthened by misfortune, and that respect has been testified in adversity. The satirist may find ample food for his pen in days of glittering prosperity at Court, but the moralist will turn for comfort to the recollection of those who, serving to the end a failing cause and captive King, sought at their own risk, as a boon from their enemies, the permission to honour him in death by bearing his body to the grave.

Nor, at the moment when sympathy and admiration are enlisted on the side of suffering and fidelity, should Englishmen forget that, even at the time when their countrymen had been led to commit an act which few at the present day would defend, or still less wish to see repeated, they exhibited some remarkable proofs of the sobriety and moderation which belong to the national character. It may be observed that, unlike the sanguinary revolutionists of other states and other times, they added no circumstances of ferocity or wanton insult to that which, in their stern fanaticism, they deemed necessary or expedient. The King was to be executed, not murdered his life was to be forfeited, but his remains were respected; his children were bereaved, but neither persecuted nor ill-used; and however hard and destitute of sympathy may have been the conduct of those few who saw in the fall of the King but the stepping-stone to their own elevation, it was at least a tribute to the habits and feelings of the nation when Parliament voted a sum of money for the respectful interment of the King whom they had beheaded; when permission was granted to his chosen friends and most powerful adherents to attend the funeral; and when even orders were given to hang the Duke of Gloucester's apartments with black as a fitting token of mourning for his father.'

The conduct exhibited on this occasion by those who had usurped all power might have served as an example to the Royalists at the Restoration, and should have taught them to respect the harmless remains of those whom they deemed unpunished murderers and traitors.

CHAPTER XVII.

History of the Icon Basilike, as given by Mrs. Gauden-Correspondence of Dr. Gauden and Lord Clarendon on the same subject-The manuscript is said to have been first shown to Lord Capell, and afterwards carried to the King at Newport by Lord Hertford-Silence of Lord Clarendon as to the authorship of the Icon-The King knew nothing of its publication.

IN following the series of events from the imprisonment of the King at the Isle of Wight until his burial at Windsor, an incident has been passed over, relating to that well-known work the Icon Basilike,' which is assigned to the time of the King's residence at Newport, and in which Lord Hertford is said to have borne a part. If, as was generally believed until the Revolution of 1688, and as is still maintained by some royalist writers, the Icon is the work of Charles himself, the anecdote is false; but if, as can scarcely be doubted, the Icon was the work of another hand, the anecdote may be considered as resting on credible authority.

The fact, that at the time of the Restoration the authorship was claimed by Dr. Gauden, is now notorious; and the account given by Mrs. Gauden' of the

Mrs. Gauden's narrative:-" My husband understanding the great "value and esteem which the generality of the people had of Cromwell "and of divers others in the army, occasioned by the high opinion which they had of their parts and piety, he being also well assured that one of "the main designs of those wicked politicians was to eclipse his Majesty

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transaction is fully supported by the manner in which his claims were received and admitted at the time they

"that then was as much as might be, and to give a false representation of "him to the world, he then, that so he might do his Majesty right, did pen that book which goes by the name of the King's Book" (here three lines are crossed out) "he did believe his great worth, extraordinary “merits, and admirable endowments did deserve; and when my husband "had written it he showed it to my Lord Capell, who did very highly approve of it there was then also an epistle before it as from one that by an extraordinary chance and Providence did light upon those papers, "which he, knowing to be his Majesty's, thought not fit to conceal, and the "title which he gave it then was Suspiria Regalia.' Now, though my "Lord Capell did think it would have done very well to have had it printed, yet he said it was not fit to do it without his Majesty's approba“tion; and to come to speak to his Majesty in private was then impos"sible in regard of the strict guard which they then kept about him. "Now immediately after this there was a treaty with his Majesty at the "Isle of Wight, whereupon my husband went to my Lord Marquis of "Hertford that then was, and to him delivered that manuscript; and he "delivered it to his Majesty at the Isle of Wight: he likewise told his Majesty who the author was. Now when my Lord Marquis did return 'my husband went to my Lord again, who told him that his Majesty,

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having had some of those Essays read to him by Bishop Dupper, did exceedingly approve of them. But,' says his Majesty,

put out in another name?'

'No,' says Bishop Dupper,

could it not be

"that the world should take it to be your Majesty's;' whereupon his Majesty did seem to desire time to consider of it; and this, says my "Lord, is all the account that I can give of it, for what is become of "the manuscript I know not, and what now will become of his Majesty "God knows. Whereupon my husband told my Lord Marquis that in "his opinion there was no way so probable to save his Majesty's life as "by endeavouring to move the hearts and affections of the people as much

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as might be towards him, and that he was also of the opinion that that "book would be very effectual for that purpose; then my Lord bid my "husband to do what he would in regard the case was so desperate: so "then immediately my husband did resolve to print it with all the speed "that might be, for he had a copy by him of that which he had sent to "the King, and that which he printed was just the same; only he then "added the Essay upon denying his Majesty the attendance of his "Chaplains, and the Meditation upon Death, after the votes of nonaddress, and his Majesty's close imprisonment in Carisbrook Castle. "Now the instrument which my husband employed to get it printed was one Mr. Simons, a divine, which person had also been a very great suf

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