to the Court of Burgundy, to persuade the Duke and Duchess to withdraw their countenance from Perkin Warbeck. In 1502 he was made Master of the Rolls (in which he continued nine years) and Bishop of London. In 1504 he was made Lord Keeper; two years afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor. On the accession of Henry VIII. he continued Chancellor, and was placed at the head of the Council. He opposed the marriage of Henry with Catherine of Arragon; his influence was undermined by the power of Wolsey, and, after a series of affronts, he was induced to resign the Great Seal, and on the 22nd of December, 1515, it was bestowed on Wolsey. In 1518 Warham complained to the King of Wolsey, who continued his overbearing conduct towards him in his jurisdiction as Archbishop. The complaint aggravated Wolsey's enmity, but Warham lived to see the downfall of his enemy. Warham, though adverse to the marriage of Henry with his brother's widow, was equally adverse to the divorce. He lived at a distance from Court, and avowed himself an adherent of the papal power. In 1532 he died at St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, and was privately buried in a chapel of that cathedral. He was fond of literary pursuits, was a patron of learning, and the friend of Erasmus.

Character of Warham by Erasmus.

I have the most tender recollection of a man worthy to be held in perpetual honour-William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of all England. He was a theologian in reality as well as by title, and profoundly versed both in the civil and canon law. He early gained reputation by his skilful conduct of foreign embassies intrusted to him, and, on account of his consummate prudence, he was much beloved and esteemed by King Henry VII. Thus he rose to be Archbishop of Canterbury. Bearing this burden-itself very weighty-one heavier still was imposed upon him he was forced to accept the office of Chancellor. . . . For many years Warham executed the duties of this office so admirably

that you would have supposed he was born with a genius. for it, and that he devoted to it the whole of his time and thoughts; but all the while he was so constantly watchful and attentive with respect to religion and all that concerned his ecclesiastical functions that you would have supposed he had no secular cares. He found leisure for the strict performance of his private devotions, to celebrate mass almost daily, to hear prayers read several times a day, to decide causes in his Court, to receive foreign ministers, to attend cabinets, to adjust all disputes which arose in the Church, to give dinners to his friends, whom he often entertained in parties of two hundred, and, along with all this, for reading all the interesting publications which appeared. . . . . His only relaxation was pleasant reading, or discoursing with a man of learning. Although he had bishops, dukes, and earls at his table, his dinners never lasted above an hour. He appeared in splendid robes becoming his station, but his tastes were exceedingly simple. . . . So cheerful was his countenance and so festive his talk, that he enlivened and charmed all who were present. The hour generally devoted to supper he was accustomed to fill up with prayers or reading, or with telling witty stories, of which he had great store, or freely exchanging jests with his friends, but ever without ill-nature or any breach of decorum. So this illustrious man made the day-the shortness of which many allege as a pretext for their idleness— long enough for all the various public and private duties he had to perform.-Campbell's 'Lives of the Lord Chancellors,' vol. i. pp. 433-4.

No. 2.

PORTRAITS OF THE ELECTOR FREDERICK AND THE REFORMERS.

(Copy from Lucas Cranach.)

Full length; standing figures, about two-thirds the size of life. On the head of the Duke is a flat black cap; he wears a low vest, showing a white shirt to the throat, gold fringe at the knees, and a cloak from his shoulder embroidered with blue and gold; round his neck

a double gold chain. At his right are Luther and Carlstadt; to his left are Zwingle, Melanchthon, Ecolampadius, and Calvin. Ten heads, besides the Elector.

Original Inscription on the Picture.

N. A. Hertzog Jeorg Frederich

in Saxen.

1. Lutherus.

2. Carelstat.

3. Zvinglius.

4. Philippus Melancton.

5. Oecolompadius.

6. Jo. Calvinus.

Later Inscription on the Picture.

Duke of Saxony with the Reformers.

In the collection at Combe Abbey (the seat of the Earl of Craven) is a cabinet picture, size 1 foot 3 inches by 2 feet 4 inches, by Lucas Cranach, formerly in the possession of the Queen of Bohemia. The figures are identical with those in the picture above, but with a landscape in the background, and a cherub at the foot of the picture looking upwards. Louis Cranach signed himself in various ways, as follows :—

On the ground of the picture at Combe is to be seen

La

He was the favourite painter of the Protestant Duke of Saxony; and his portraits, both of him and of the Reformers, are frequently repeated. Correct lists of prints and woodcuts from his compositions are published in a German work by Heller (Bamberg, 1844), but there is no mention of any print from this picture; this may possibly be accounted for by its having been painted for the King of Bohemia's father, and never having been out of his possession till given or bequeathed by the

Queen of Bohemia to Lord Craven. Whether the copy in the Grove Collection is taken from this smaller one, with variations, or more probably-from some other original of its own size elsewhere, is not known. There are very likely duplicate copies, but Dr. Waagen could remember none in any foreign or English public collection that had fallen under his notice.

DUKE OF SAXONY AND REFORMERS.

Martin Luther, born 10th of November, 1483, at Eisleben, in Saxony; died 17th of February, 1546, in the sixty-third year of his age.

John Calvin, born at Noyon, in Picardy, 10th of July, 1509; died 24th of May, 1564, in the fifty-sixth year of his age.

Philip Melanchthon, born at Bretheim, in the palatinate of the Rhine, on the 16th of February, 1495; died 19th of April, 1560, in the sixty-fourth year of his age.

Ulrich Zwinglius, born 1484, at Wildhaus, in the Togenbourg; killed at the battle of Cappel, on the 11th of October, 1531, in the forty-eighth year of his age.

John Ecolampadius, born at Weinsberg, in Franconia, in 1482; died of the plague December 1st, 1531, in the fiftieth year of his age.

Andrew Bodensheim, born at Carlstadt, in Franconia; Dean of the University of Wittemberg in 1512; died at Basle 25th December, 1541.

Frederick Elector of Saxony, born 1463, a friend to Luther and the Reformation; he died 1526.

No. 3.

PHILIP DE VILLIERS.

Oval picture; head and shoulders. Square black cap; bushy brown hair, with moustachios and beard. He wears a black gown fastened up to the throat, and a large white Maltese cross on his breast. His hands support a rosary; on the fore finger of the right hand is a ring.

Inscription on the Picture.

Philip Villiers,

De Lille Adam,

G. Prior of France,

eld G. Master of Malta.

1521.

Philip de Villiers, de l'Isle Adam, descended from a noble French family in France, was born in 1464. In his youth he was made a Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and reached the dignity of Grand Prieur de France. In 1510 he shared with André d'Amarel the command of the squadron destined to destroy the fleet that the Sultan of Egypt had armed against the Portuguese. In 1513 he was sent, as Ambassador of his Order, to the Court of France. In 1521 he became Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, left France, and hastened to Rhodes, which was soon after besieged by Sultan Solyman. The siege of Rhodes lasted from the 22nd of June to the 20th of December, when, having neither food nor ammunition left, the Knights were forced to capitulate. On the 1st of January, 1523, the Christian fleet sailed from Rhodes, and for the seven ensuing years it was uncertain where the remnant of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem should be re-established. At length a treaty was signed in 1530 with Charles V., by which Malta and Gozo were assigned to them. L'Isle Adam devoted himself to the interests and reform of those under his command; but divisions leading to bloodshed broke out amongst the Knights of different nations, between whom there was no other tie than the vow of their Order. Worn out by fatigue and vexation,