A short time after the peace, Dr. Cochran removed with his family to New-York, where he attended to the duties of his profession until the adoption of the new constitution, when his friend, president Washington, retaining, to use in his own words, "a cheerful recollection of his past services," nominated him to the office of commissioner of loans for the state of New-York. This office he held until a paralytic stroke disabled him in some measure from the discharge of its duties, upon which he gave in his resignation, and retired to Palatine, in the county of Montgomery, where he terminated a long and useful life, on the 6th of April, 1807, in the 77th year of his age.

In reviewing the character of this respectable physician, we have only to remark, that without the flights of imagination which tempt some gentlemen to theorise and speculate at the risk of their patients, he united a vigorous mind and correct judgment, with information derived and improved from long experience and faithful habits of attention to the duties of his profession.

He had in early life received impressions, under the care of a religious father, which he never lost; for though he served long in the army, in which men are too apt to become infidels or deists, he never cherished a single doubt concerning the truths of revelation.

REVIEW.

ART. I. TRAVELS on an inland Voyage through the states of New-York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and through the territories of Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and New-Orleans; performed in the years 1807 and 1808; including a tour of nearly six thousand miles. With maps and plates. By CHRISTIAN SCHULTZ, jun. Esq. New-York. I. Riley. 1810. 8vo. vol. 1. pp. 207. vol. 2. pp. 224.

THIS book of travels differs very much from the numerous effusions that we have read of travellers through the United States. It does not contain, that we have discovered, a single sentence that is marked by abuse of the soil, climate, or inhabitants. Hitherto we have been accustomed, when we opened a volume of travels in the United States, not to expect information concerning the inhabitants, their laws and customs, their arts and manufactures, nor any thing that would make us acquainted with the people; but we read those travels, when we have the patience to read, merely to discover the talents of the several writers in drawing caricatures, or to observe the various shapes into which hatred, envy, or the hope of reward, can distort the truth.

While the United States retained the humble name of provinces, North America was deemed to be a country in which the human race might not only subsist and vegetate, but might progress and prosper. In this persuasion,

people came over in crowds from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Germany; nor was it said or intimated by any philanthropic writer, so far as we can recollect, that those people were in danger of perishing by the want of food, or the diseases of the climate. It was then thought to be a country in which the industrious man could make a comfortable provision for his family, though he had been oppressed by heavy rents, taxes, and poverty in his native land. No sooner, however, had those states drawn the attention of Europe by a vigorous war, in which they secured their independence, than they were assailed by a herd of scribbler. Every mercenary pen was pointed against us, and the nation, that had not been conquered by the sword, was then to be prostrated by the quill. It is a curious circumstance, that the business of writing pasquinades against the United States, should be adopted, as a profitable employment, by subjects of France as well as of Great Britain. The duke de Liancourt's travels, which contain nearly as many deviations from truth, as they do sheets of paper, are said to have brought him about one thousand guineas. But the proverb may plead his excuse, "il faut manger."

The unfortunate farmer Parkinson, who found that a man cannot support himself upon a farm in Virginia ; and the other unfortunate adventurer, Jansen, who, like the bookseller's bookmaker of London, calls himself a stranger in the country of which he writes, and several other "dii minorum gentium," are equally beneath contempt and criticism. The Irish traveller, Weld, has written the best book, as we understand; for it procured him an office under the government. His book was considered so valuable, that a pamphlet, containing extracts

from the most abusive parts of it, was distributed gratis through the seaport towns in Ireland. This fortunate, writer, but very unfortunate traveller, gives us to under stand, that he seldom entered a farmer's house in the United States where the people had any thing to eat. He does not, indeed, seem to think that the farmers of the United States live, like cameleons, upon air; but if he was asked, how it happens that Britain, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal, are occasionally supplied, from this country, with provisions, he would account for it, we suppose, by saying that our farmers live upon nothing.

The true object of Weld's book is, to prevent emigration from his native country. Would it not be more honourable in Great Britain to prevent emigration by an act of parliament, than by hiring people to publish libels? By the way, we conceive that a law to prevent emigration would be perfectly correct, at a period when that nation is contending for her very existence with all the continent of Europe. Certain it is, that the wishes of the British government, and of every real friend of this country, are perfectly alike on the subject of emigration. Mr. Jefferson, in his Notes on Virginia, speaking on this subject, expressed his purest political sentiments. Stating his objections to the importation of foreigners, he mentions the purity of our political principles, and says, "to these nothing can be more opposed than the maxims of absolute monarchies, yet from such we are to expect the greatest number of emigrants. They will bring with them the principles of the governments they have imbibed in early youth, or if able to throw them off, it will be in exchange for an unbounded licentiousness, passing, as is usual, from one extreme to another." Most of us know whether this prediction has been verified.

Mr. Schultz has been at a considerable expense in giving maps of the interior of the United States, and the man, who is not well versed in American geography, may acquire considerable information on that subject, by consulting them. He is a sprightly writer, and does not seem to have travelled in a bad temper. He has been more correct than most of his predecessors, in describing the falls of Niagara; but when he was on that ground, we heartily wish that he had relinquished the expectation of destroying the Mosaic history of man, and with it, divine revelation. Although many pop-guns in the United States have lately been fired against that fortress, we deem it certain that the period has not arrived when the avowed contempt of revelation can be accounted the criterion by which political opinions are to be tested. That the reader may understand the argument to which we refer, he is to recollect that there must have been a time, in which lake Erie and lake Ontario were nearly on a level, but by some convulsion of nature, a perpendicular fissure was made in the earth, and lake Ontario, with the adjacent country, was sunk between three and four hundred feet.

The fissure was a little above where Queen's town now stands. In that case, the falls of the river Niagara began at the edge of the fissure, but they have, by the constant operation of the water, been wearing away the bank, and have advanced up the river about seven miles and a half. How many years would it require, (Mr. Schultz puts the question,) how many years would it require, for the river Niagara to wear its way through a solid rock, seven miles and a half? He observes, that the river has been known by civilized men about 140 years, in which