their cargoes, to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government."

ARTICLE XXVII.-(Jurisdiction in questions of rights of property and persons.)-" All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in China shall be subject to the jurisdiction and regulated by the authorities of their own Government; and all controversies occurring in China between citizens of the United States and the subjects of any other government shall be regulated by the treaties existing between the United States and such Governments, respectively, without interference on the part of China."

ARTICLE XXVIII.-(Communications between citizens of the United States and Chinese local officers.)-"If citizens of the United States have special occasion to address any communication to the Chinese local officers of Government, they shall submit the same to their Consul or other officer, to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises. If subjects of China have occasion to address the Consul of the United States, they may address him directly at the same time they inform their own officers, representing the case for his consideration and action in the premises; and if controversies arise between citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and equity by the public officers of the two nations, acting in conjunction. The extortion of illegal fees is expressly prohibited. Any peaceable persons are allowed to enter the court in order to interpret, lest injustice be done."

ARTICLE XXIX.-Religious freedom granted to citizens of the United States in China.

ARTICLE XXX.-Most favored nation privileges in commerce navigation, and political rights secured to the United States, The treaty is to be ratified within one year.

"Done at Tien-tsin this eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and the Independence of the United States of America the eighty

second, and in the eighth year of Hien-fung, fifth month, and

eighth day.

"WILLIAM B. REED.

"KNEILIANG.

"HWASHANA."

CHINA, 1868.

TREATY CONCERNING TRADE, CONSULS, RELIGIOUS TOLERATION AND EMIGRATION, BEING ADDITIONAL ARTICLES TO THE TREATY OF JUNE 18, 1858.

Concluded July 28, 1868. Ratifications exchanged at Pekin, November 23, 1869. Proclaimed February 5, 1870.

ARTICLE I.-Treatment of citizens in time of war.
ARTICLE III.—China may appoint Consuls.

ARTICLE V.—(Voluntary emigration of Chinese only permitted.) The United States of America and the Emperor of China cordially recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects respectively, from the one country to the other for purposes of curiosity, of trade or as permanent residents. The high contracting parties therefore join in reprobating any other than an entirely voluntary emigration for these purposes. They consequently agree to pass laws making it a penal offence for a citizen of the United States or Chinese subjects to take Chinese subjects either to the United States or to any other foreign country, or for a Chinese subject or citizen of the United States to take citizens of the United States to China or to any other foreign country without their free and voluntary consent, respectively?

ARTICLE VIII.—(Citizens of the United States are not to intervene in the affairs of the Chinese Government.)—“ The United States, always disclaiming and discouraging all practices of unnecessary dictation and intervention by one nation in the affairs or domestic administration of another, do hereby

freely disclaim and disavow any intention or right to intervene in the domestic administration of China in regard to the construction of railroads, telegraphs or other material internal improvements. On the other hand, His Majesty the Emperor of China reserves to himself the right to decide the time and manner and circumstances of introducing such improvements within his dominions. With this mutual understanding, it is agreed by the contracting parties that if at any time hereafter His Imperial Majesty shall determine to construct or cause to be constructed works of the character mentioned, within the empire, and shall make application to the United States or any other western power for facilities to carry out that policy, the United States will, in that case, designate and authorize suitable engineers to be employed by the Chinese Government, and will recommend to other nations an equal compliance with such application, the Chinese Government in that case protecting such engineers in their persons and property and paying them a reasonable compensation for their service.

"Done at Washington the twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.

"WILLIAM H. SEWARD.

"ANSON BURLINGAME. "CHIN-KANG.

"SUN CHIA-KU.”

CHINA, 1880.

TREATY REGULATING CHINESE IMMIGRATION INTO THE UNITED

STATES.

Concluded November 17, 1880. Ratifications exchanged at Pekin, July 19, 1881. Proclaimed October 5, 1881.

"Whereas, in the eighth year of Hsien Feng, Anno Domini 1858, a treaty of peace and friendship was concluded between the United States of America and China, and to which were added, in the seventh year of Tung Chih, Anno Domini 1868, certain supplementary articles to the advantage of both parties,

which supplementary articles were to be perpetually observed and obeyed-and

"Whereas the Government of the United States, because of the constantly increasing immigration of Chinese laborers to the territory of the United States, and the embarrassments consequent upon such immigration, now desires to negotiate a modification of the existing Treaties which shall not be in direct contravention of their spirit: "

ARTICLE I.-(Limitation and suspension of immigration of Chinese laborers.)—" Whenever in the opinion of the Government of the United States, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States, or their residence therein, affects or threatens to affect the interests of that country, or to endanger the good order of the said country or of any locality within the territory thereof, the Government of China agrees that the Government of the United States may regulate, limit, or suspend such coming or residence, but may not absolutely prohibit it. The limitation or suspension shall be reasonable and shall apply only to Chinese who may go to the United States as laborers, other classes not being included in the limitations. Legislation taken in regard to Chinese laborers will be of such a character only as is necessary to enforce the regulation, limitation or suspension of immigration, and immigrants shall not be subject to personal maltreatment or abuse."

ARTICLE II.-(Privileges of Chinese subjects in the United States.) Chinese subjects, whether proceeding to the United States as teachers, students, merchants, or from curiosity, together with their body and household servants, and Chinese laborers who are now in the United States, shall be allowed to go and come of their own free will and accord, and shall be accorded all the rights, privileges, immunities and exemptions which are accorded to the citizens and subjects of the most favored nation."

ARTICLE III.-(Treatment of the Chinese in the United States.)" If Chinese laborers, or Chinese of any other class, now either permanently or temporarily residing in the territory of the United States, meet with ill treatment at the hands of any other persons, the Government of the United States will exert all its power to devise measures for their protection and to secure to them the same rights, privileges, immunities and

exemptions as may be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation, and to which they are entitled by treaty."

ARTICLE IV. (Mitigation of hardships of Chinese to be effected by United States Government.)-"The high contracting Powers having agreed upon the foregoing articles, whenever the Government of the United States shall adopt legislative measures in accordance therewith, such measures will be communicated to the Government of China. If the measures as enacted are found to work hardship upon the subjects of China, the Chinese Minister at Washington may bring the matter to the notice of the Secretary of State of the United States, who will consider the subject with him; and the Chinese Foreign Office may also bring the matter to the notice of the United States Minister at Pekin and consider the subject with him, to the end that mutual and unqualified benefit may result.

"In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed the foregoing at Pekin in English and Chinese, being three originals of each text of even tenor and date, the ratifications of which shall be exchanged at Pekin within one year from date of its execution.

"The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, equally animated by the desire to