of the law of nations that no privilege granted for equivalent or on account of propinquity or other special conditions comes under the stipulations herein contained as to favored nations." This was doubtless inserted on account of the claim of England to the privileges of our reciprocity treaty with Hawaii. By the 6th article a coaling station is to be leased on Tonga Islands.

ZANZIBAR.-Treaty concerning import duty and consuls.

IV.

TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS WITH LATIN

AMERICAN STATES.

COLOMBIA, 1824.

TREATY OF PEACE, AMITY, NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE.

Concluded October 3, 1824. Ratifications exchanged at Washington, May 27, 1825. Proclaimed May 31, 1825.

ARTICLE I. Declaration of amity.

ARTICLE II.-(Most favored nation principle.) The United States of America and the Republic of Colombia desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect to commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation if the concession was conditional.

ARTICLE III. (Freedom of commerce.)-" The citizens of the United States may frequent all the coasts and countries of the Republic of Colombia, and reside and trade there, in all sorts. of produce, manufactures and merchandise, and shall pay no other or greater duties, charges or fees whatsoever, than the most favored nation is or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and exemptions in navigation and commerce which the most favored nation does or shall enjoy, submitting themselves, nevertheless, to the laws, decrees and usages there established, and to which are submitted the subjects and citizens of the most favored nations."

The citizens of the Republic of Colombia shall enjoy like privileges in the territories of the United States.

ARTICLE IV. (Privileges of citizens of one nation in the territory of the other.)-"It is likewise agreed that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships and other citizens of both countries, to manage themselves their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandise by whole sale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading and sending off their ships they being in all these cases to be treated as citizens of the country in which they reside, or at least to be placed on a footing with the subjects or citizens of the most favored nation."

66

ARTICLE V. (Embargo not permitted.) The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo nor be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandises or effects, for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatever, without allowing to those interested a sufficient indemnification."

ARTICLE VI.-Vessels of the one nation in distress, or pursued by pirates or enemies, shall find asylum in the ports of the other.

ARTICLE VII.-Property captured by pirates, if found in the territory of either nation, shall be restored to the owner.

ARTICLE VIII.-Vessels shipwrecked or foundered, shall receive assistance, etc.

ARTICLE IX.-Protection to property of citizens of either contracting party found in the territory of the other. In the case of real estate, if the law prevents aliens from holding it, they shall have three years in which to dispose of it.

ARTICLE X.-Special protection of citizens of one State in the territory of the other.

ARTICLE XI.-There shall be entire religious freedom for citizens of one State, being within the jurisdiction of the other.

ARTICLE XII.-Either State being neutral may trade with the enemies of the other, and its ships may also go from one port of the enemy to another, without molestation. "And it is hereby stipulated that free ships shall also give freedom to goods," contraband excepted. The same liberty is extended to persons on board free ships, with the exception of officers or

soldiers. But the stipulation that the flag shall cover the property shall be understood as applying to those powers only who recognize this principle.

66

ARTICLE XIII.-(The neutral flag not to protect enemy's property.) It is likewise agreed that in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemies' vessels shall be held and considered as enemies' property, and, as such, shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterward, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contracting parties agree, that two months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof. On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy's property, in that case the goods and merchandises, of the neutral, embarked in such enemy's ships, shall be free."

ARTICLE XIV.-(Contraband articles.)" This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandises, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband; and under this name of contraband or prohibited goods shall be comprehended

"First. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fusees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberds and grenades, bombs, powder, matches, balls and all other things belonging to the use of these arms;

"Secondly. Bucklers, helmets, breastplates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in the form and for a military use;

"Thirdly. Cavalry belts, and horses with their furniture. "Fourthly. And generally all kinds of arms and instruments of iron, steel, brass and copper, or of any other materials manufactured, prepared and formed expressly to make war by sea or land."

ARTICLE XV.—(Blockade.)—“ It is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral."

ARTICLE XVI.-Neutral vessels carrying contraband, may

deliver up the contraband goods, and be allowed to proceed on their voyage.

ARTICLE XVII.-Neutral vessels sailing for a blockaded port in ignorance of the blockade, may be turned away from such port but not detained, unless on a second attempt to enter it.

ARTICLE XVIII.-(Visit and search.)-" In order to prevent all kind of disorder in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties on the high seas, they have agreed mutually that whenever a vessel of war, public or private, shall meet with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send its boat with two or three men only in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence or ill treatment, for which the commanders of the said armed ships shall be responsible with their persons and property; for which purpose the commanders of said private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give sufficient security to answer for all the damages they may commit. And it is expressly agreed that the neutral party shall in no case be required to go on board the examining vessel for the purpose of exhibiting her papers, or for any other purpose whatever."

ARTICLE XIX.-(Proofs of the nationality of ships in time of war.) It is agreed, "that in case one of them should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property and bulk of the ship, as also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear that the ship really and truly belongs to the citizens of one of the parties; they have likewise agreed that such ships being laden, besides the said sea-letters or passports, shall also be provided with certificates containing the several particulars of the cargo, and the place whence the ship sailed, so that it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same."

ARTICLE XX.-(Convoy.)—“ It is further agreed that the stipulations above expressed relative to the visiting and examination of vessels, shall apply only to those which sail with